Bøger udgivet af Arcler Press

This book gives an insight to the introduction, initiatives and community engagement in community based tourism, along with its management and marketing. It also defines the paradoxes involved and the building of community capaicty for tourism development and further discusses the community based tourism in the light of the developing world in addition to the sustainable tourism and indigenous people. In the end, it addresses the future challenges and opportunities involved in its management.

Religious tradition such as Christianity involve religious practices such as praying, gathering, taking care of the fellow men, dealing with life and death, or the interpretation of religious stories. The culmination of the religious topics in the syllabi has raised several concerns even in the conservative nations that are not willing to open for a secular biased society. This is the case with the developing countries those economies are buoyant and willing not to take any sort of risk. This book explains the role of religious studies in affecting the education under academic lens. This book mainly serves to the social researchers and undergraduate, postgraduates who are willing to pursue an education that links religious almanac with the education sphere.

Organizational groups are continually settling on choices that impact on the adequacy of their performance and the organization at large. This volume makes reference to the nature of cooperative decision making, which despite being more beneficial than individual decision making, is still prone to risks including different personalities and incongruity of ideas. Some of the chapters in this book include; chapter 1: group decision-making and chapter 2: the essentials of negotiation among others. Strategies for improving collective decision making have been developed to such an extent that they can be utilized to guarantee top notch decisions in company settings. Cooperative decision-making measures are usually embraced to strengthen social bonds within the company. In this volume, the author examines the impacts of collective decision making on organizational goals, recognizing the strengths and result impacts of the strategy. In particular, it builds on the likelihood of attaining better results in comparison to individual decision-making strategy. Different ideas are presented and the most ideal ones are chosen.

Today, more than ever, the role of educational technology in teaching is of great importance because of the use of information and communication technologies. In order to keep pace with the changes we are seeing in schools, districts, and states on an almost daily basis, we also need to change how often the national education technology plan is updated. With the help of various applications for distance education, the Internet, teachers, and students themselves, they see the advantage of educational technology. This book is intended to give an overview of the components and use of educational technology in the classroom.

Web technology is necessary for today because the internet has become the number one source of information, and many of the conventional software applications have become web applications. Web technologies are the several tools and methods that are applied in the activity of communication between different types of devices over the internet. This book provides students and web developers with an understandable introduction to the web programming and scripting languages used to create Web sites and web applications. The main aim is to teach the programming concepts of different Web technologies and the fundamentals needed to program on the internet.

This book entitled, "Introduction to Speech and Language Therapy", has been designed to add to the knowledge of researchers, scholars and the students of second language learners to enlighten them with various aspects of the speech, the language and the methods and techniques of its acquisition. It takes the readers through an overview of speech and language therapy and how these concepts assist the children and the adults in gaining the intricate nuances of the language. It also talks about the role and technique of speech and language proper and its assessment in the teaching of second language. Additionally, the book sheds light on the linguistic theories of speech, the teaching of language for children and the techniques of vocabulary development.

This book covers different topics from deep learning algorithms, including: methods and approaches for deep learning, deep learning applications in biology, deep learning applications in medicine, and deep learning applications in pattern recognition systems. Section 1 focuses on methods and approaches for deep learning, describing advancements in deep learning theory and applications - perspective in 2020 and beyond; deep ensemble reinforcement learning with multiple deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm; dynamic decision-making for stabilized deep learning software platforms; deep learning for hyperspectral data classification through exponential momentum deep convolution neural networks; and ensemble network architecture for deep reinforcement learning. Section 2 focuses on deep learning applications in biology, describing fish detection using deep learning; deep learning identification of tomato leaf disease; deep learning for plant identification in natural environment; and applying deep learning models to mouse behavior recognition. Section 3 focuses on deep learning applications in medicine, describing application of deep learning in neuroradiology: brain hemorrhage classification using transfer learning; a review of the application of deep learning in brachytherapy; exploring deep learning and transfer learning for colonic polyp classification; and deep learning algorithm for brain-computer interface. Section 4 focuses on deep learning applications in pattern recognition systems, describing application of deep learning in airport visibility forecast; hierarchical representations feature deep learning for face recognition; review of research on text sentiment analysis based on deep learning; classifying hand written digits with deep learning; and bitcoin price prediction based on deep learning methods.

Principles of Optical Interferometry" is an edited book consisting of 19 contemporaneous open-access articles featuring different aspects of optical interferometry, from heterodyne to speckle interferometry. It includes methodologies of interferometric fringe analysis, as well the applications of Fabry-Perot, Fizeau, and Mach-Zehnder Interferometers. It introduces to a class of recent interferometer designs such as the Point Diffraction Interferometer, Radial Shearing Interferometer, Fiber-Optic Ring Resonator Interferometer and a Neural Network-Based Laser Interferometer. Reading this book requires some knowledge in calculus, differential equations, electromagnetism, and general topics in interferometry. This book is intended to reach an academic audience ranging from Science undergraduate students to experienced researchers.

Applied Algebraic and Differential Calculus" is an edited book consisting of 18 open-access articles on mathematical analysis and computational methodologies for solving differential equations, as well as matrix eigenvalue, boundary value, and bifurcation problems. It includes a variety of algebraic and numerical strategies from decomposition to neural network based methods. Reading this book requires some knowledge in advanced calculus, differential equations, matrix computations. This book is intended to reach an academic audience ranging from graduate student to experienced researchers.

"Solar and Space Physics" is an edited book consisting of 16 contemporaneous open-access articles featuring the modeling of the solar magnetic activity and space weather. It aims to provide an overall overview and to review the recent advances in the modelling of the solar dynamo and its important features, including the sunspot butterfly diagram. It also focuses on the impact of the solar activity cycle on Earth's environment. It includes magnetohydrodynamics modeling and forecasting of the past, current, and future solar magnetic activity, from the strong magnetic eruptions during solar minima to low number of sunspots and weakening of magnetic structures during solar minima. It includes, in particular, the analysis of the most recent solar cycles (Solar Cycles 23 and 24) as well as a prediction for the current solar cycle (Solar Cycle 25). Reading this book requires some knowledge in electromagnetism, hydrodynamics, and time series. This book is intended to reach an academic audience ranging from advanced undergraduate students to experienced researchers.

"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy" is an edited book consisting of 16 contemporaneous open-access articles that highlight different aspects of the definition of entropy in statistical mechanics and other fields. The book includes a reflection on the real physical meaning of thermodynamic entropy, and several misconceptions regarding the violation of the second law of thermodynamics by perpetual motion machines, Maxwell's demon, vortex tube, etc. It overviews the concept of generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy in dynamical systems (e.g. Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy), information theory (e.g. Rényi and Shannon entropies), and statistical physics (e.g. Tsallis entropy). It includes quantum modifications and extensions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Fundamental laws of nature and thermodynamics are expanded from classical simple systems to quantum systems, as well as to more complex systems in biology, cosmology, economy and communication networks. Reading this book requires some knowledge in thermodynamics, calculus and differential equations. This book is intended to reach an academic audience ranging from undergraduate students to experienced researchers.

This book covers different topics from neuroscience and computational intelligence, including semantic and concept modeling, general neuroscience topics, reasoning and knowledge modeling, and topics from clinical neuroscience. Section 1 focuses on semantic and concept modeling, describing automatic concept extraction in semantic summarization process, a further analysis of taxonomic links in conceptual modelling, a general knowledge representation model of concepts, intelligent information access based on logical semantic binding method, and automatic concept extraction in semantic summarization process. Section 2 focuses on general neuroscience topics, describing the philosophy and neuroscience movement, the creativity as central to critical reasoning and the facilitative role of moral education, the information infrastructure for cooperative research in neuroscience, and computational intelligence and neuroscience in neurorobotics. Section 3 focuses on reasoning and knowledge modeling, describing knowledge representation in a proof checker for logic programs, episodic reasoning for vision-based human action recognition, a knowledge representation formalism for semantic business process management, and gaining knowledge from imperfect data. Section 4 focuses on clinical neuroscience, describing neuroscience and unconscious processes, validating new technologies to treat depression, pain and the feeling of sentient beings, Alzheimer's disease as an adaptability disorder and what role does happiness have in treatment, management and prevention, as well as how neuroscience relates to hearing aid amplification and social cognition through the lens of cognitive and clinical neuroscience.

This book covers different topics related to advanced operational researches, including optimization and linear programming, graph-based techniques and route planning, operations research in logistics problems, and methods for resource allocation. Section 1 focuses on optimization and linear programming, describing a new approach for solving linear fractional programming problems with duality concept, a particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving pricing and lead time quotation in a dual-channel supply chain with multiple customer classes, inverting the multiple-assisting tool network problem to solve for optimality, a dynamic active-set method for linear programming, and the sliding gradient algorithm for linear programming. Section 2 focuses on graph-based techniques and route planning, describing route optimization of electric vehicle considering soft time windows and two ways of power replenishment, the route planning on campus bus in a University, integrating origin-destination survey and stochastic user equilibrium as a case study for route relocation, and research of UAV flight planning parameters. Section 3 focuses on operations research in logistics problems, describing optimization of urban rail transportation in emerging countries using operational research techniques, a review on strategic, tactical and operational decision planning in reverse logistics of green supply chain network design, research on agri-food cold chain logistics management system, a use case of sea-port operational efficiency by an evaluation of five Asian ports using stochastic frontier production function model, and the design of urban traffic in Ferizaj through operational research. Section 4 focuses on methods for resource allocation, describing application of the two non-zero component lemma in resource allocation, energy efficient non-cooperative methods for resource allocation in cognitive radio networks, an alternative interpretation of mixed strategies in n-person normal form games via resource allocation, and a dynamic optimization technique for resource allocation problems in a production company.

This book covers different topics from computer gaming technology, including educational and simulation games, games hardware, games software, and computer games for social and health purposes. Section 1 focuses on educational and simulation games, describing SIDH: a game-based architecture for a training simulator, an application of a game development framework in higher education, experiential learning in vehicle dynamics education via motion simulation and interactive gaming, and development of a driving simulator with analyzing driver's characteristics based on a virtual reality head mounted display. Section 2 focuses on games hardware, describing fast and reliable mouse picking using graphics hardware, ballooning graphics memory space in full GPU virtualization environments, platform for distributed 3D gaming, player profile management on NFC smart card for multiplayer ubiquitous games, and real-time large crowd rendering with efficient character and instance management on GPU. Section 3 focuses on games software, describing gamer's facial cloning for online interactive games, quantization of cognitive learning process by computer graphics-games, real-time animation of trees based on BBSC in computer games, a dense point-to-point alignment method for realistic 3D face morphing and animation, and knowledge encoding in game mechanics: transfer-oriented knowledge learning in desktop-3D and VR. Section 4 focuses on games for social and health purposes, describing Hall of heroes - a digital game for social skills training with young adolescents, Kinect-based exer-games tailored to Parkinson patients, and development of a gesture-based game applying participatory design to reflect values of manual wheelchair users, using the revised bloom taxonomy to analyze psychotherapeutic games.

This book covers different topics related to the recent advances in multimedia, including machine learning and AI methods in multimedia research, multimedia applications in health and medicine, multimedia transmission in wireless networks and multimedia applications in education. Section 1 focuses on machine learning and AI methods in multimedia research, describing context-aware attention network for human emotion recognition in video, large-scale video retrieval via deep local convolutional features, region space guided transfer function design for nonlinear neural network augmented image visualization, data-driven methods for image and video understanding, and pretraining convolutional neural networks for image-based vehicle classification. Section 2 focuses on multimedia applications in health and medicine, describing study of multimedia technology in posture training for the elderly, rapid extraction of target information in messy multimedia medical data, effectiveness of a multimedia messaging service reminder system in the management of knee osteoarthritis, and virtual realities in the treatment of mental disorders: a review of the current state of research. Section 3 focuses on multimedia transmission in wireless networks, describing clustering in wireless multimedia sensor networks, a dynamic link adaptation for multimedia quality-based communications in IEEE_802.11 wireless networks, multimedia and VoIP-oriented cell search technique for the IEEE 802.11 WLANS, and ubiquitous control framework for delivering perceptual satisfaction of multimedia traffic. Section 4 focuses on multimedia applications in education, describing online individualized multimedia instruction instrument for engineering communication skills, design model for educational multimedia software, cognitive constructivist theory of multimedia, design of videogame based on inca abacus, and multimedia approach in teaching mathematics through examples of interactive lessons from mathematical analysis and geometry.

This book introduces an overview of language teaching and instructional technology. It gives a critical look at computer and mobile assisted language learning, electronic test, and technology assisted language learning. The most outstanding feature of the book is its description on online learning during Covid-19 Pandemic. The book outlines technology-enhanced learning environment from different views, current SLA theory and CALL, social networking, assessing language through computer technology, factors influencing the quality of online learning, parents attitudes toward online learning, and teachers challenges for online classrooms during Coronavirus.

Data science plays a very vital role in shaping up the process of transitioning data into information and into knowledge. As business enterprises, organizations, governments, IT companies, and service providers are keenly becoming data-driven, the role and responsibility of data scientists are bound to go up significantly. Python is emerging as the leading programming language for data science projects. The aim of the book is to clearly explain how Python simplifies and speeds up the realization of next-generation data science applications.

This book sheds light on various key terms or jargans that have been used for marketing and advertising. In basic terms, marketing is the process of identifying customer needs and determining how best to meet those needs. In contrast, advertising is the exercise of promoting a company and its products or services through paid channels. In other words, advertising is a component of marketing.

This volume synthesize and explains the most common computer science terms spanning a wide of range of computer science areas, including hardware, software, multimedia, computer applications, networking, and personal computing. This glossary volume defines complex terms in an easy-to-understand fashion, which makes the book valuable for non-technical and technical audience alike. Terms are defined in a jargon-free and concise manner. The technical terms are illustrated with specific examples whenever appropriate. After reading this book, you will be able to understand computer concepts without going in circles with definitions

In this book, various key terms on managament have been explained. Management is a process of planning, decision making, organizing, leading, motivation and controlling the human resources, financial, physical, and information resources of an organization to reach its goals efficiently and effectively.

This book offers to explain the basic concepts of tourism labor and employment, role of labor in the tourism and hospitality, human resource management for tourism, quantifying employment in tourism industry. This book sheds light on managing employee attitudes and behaviors in tourism, employer branding for hospitality and tourism industry. It also addresses the numerous challenges and opportunities in tourism and future trends and policies in tourism.

Tourism is an important sector for economic development in a country. With a year ahead full of important sporting events, we look at how sports tourism has grown in importance from niche market to multi-billion dollar business. Sport and tourism each contribute a great deal to the global economy and have become an element in the armoury of politicians, planners and economists seeking to regenerate local economies. The trend to increase sport touristic experiences and to provide them in faraway, often very different cultures simply increases the importance of addressing both the potential positive and the negative sociocultural impacts of sport tourism. This book critically explores sport-related tourism drawing on the fields of sport management, sports marketing, economic, sports geography, and tourism studies.

The book provides a breif overview of work managing in the digital economy, and the challenges and strategies involved in it. It deals with digital economy for customer benefit and business fairness. This book sheds light on the human resource management, digital transformation of labor, principles of management, efficiency and effectiveness and the social as well as economic transformation in the digital era

Service excellence is about delivering to the customer expectation, and then meeting and slightly exceeding that expectation. Service operations management in the tourism and hospitality industry requires a high level of coordination, communication and facilitation to satisfy visitors. In all of these activities, service excellence means a lot to visitors in terms of their experience, and to the business it means repeat customers and word-of-mouth marketing. This book analyses important drivers of service excellence in the tourism and hospitality industry. The book is meant as a reference and supplementary reading for students, researchers and industry practitioners.

The capacity to concentrate and comprehend spoken language of multiple expressions (i.e., listening comprehension) is one of the essential aspect talents in literacy. In this book, the authors assess theoretical frameworks and empirical proof of listening comprehension and development, and propose an immediate and mediated model of listening comprehension. A review of correlational and intervention studies indicates that many language and cognitive abilities contribute to listening comprehension, together with operating memories, interest, vocabulary, syntactic information, inference, and comprehension of observance. Despite the limitation in variety, research indicates that those abilities are malleable. Active listening and comprehension form a crucial a part of reading and writing instruction, incorporating these are a couple of language and cognitive abilities. Guidance may further be used to improve modern literacy preparation, along with book reading or studying comprehension.The contribution of oral language in literacy development is indisputable in terms of concept and empirical evidence. Oral language, nevertheless, is a vast construct encompassing lexical, sentence, and discourse abilities. A lexical-degree oral language skill, vocabulary, has obtained plenty of interest in terms of theoretical ways of analyzing.

Enhancing the quality of education and universal access is the only way South America and the Caribbean can really reduce the inequality gap. This volume recommends creative policy formulation and commitment to adopt new technology, which is essential to ensuring that young people do not get lost in the education system. As UNICEF points out, well over 95% of youngsters in South America and the Caribbean are currently out of school. This has affected education tremendously, but also the society, politics and the economy, because education is closely related to all aspects of the community. Some of the topics covered in this book include; Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Systems in South America, Chapter 2: Educational Indices in South America, Chapter 3. Literacy Rate in South America, and Chapter 4: Educational Attainment in South America. Information and communication technology (ICT) tools can help children better prepare for the challenges of the future. But South America is not ready yet. Despite increased efforts to integrate ICT into education, minimal progress has been made. The digital divide simply means that most low-income students lack reliable access to computers or broadband Internet, and dependence on ICT may aggravate existing inequalities.

It's broadly acknowledged that a large part of Africa's education systems suffers from low-quality teaching and infrastructure, in addition to inequalities and exclusion at different stages. Despite a sizable boom in the amount of youngsters with access to quality primary education, a vast number still remain away from school. This volume seeks to highlight the challenges to quality schooling in Africa and identifies feasible solutions to the issue. Unequal distribution of critical facilities, such as well-equipped schools, is identified as one the contributors of wide education inequalities. The topics covered include Chapter 1: History of Education in Africa; Chapter 2: African Countries with the Best Education System; Chapter 3: Challenges and Issues Facing the Education System in Africa; and Chapter 4: Major Progress in Access to Education in Africa; Chapter 5: Strengthening Education Systems in Africa; Chapter 6: Planning and Financing Sustainable Education Systems in Africa; Chapter 7: Girls' Education in Africa; Chapter 8: Boys' Education in Africa; Chapter 9: ICT in Education Initiatives in Africa; and Chapter 10: Education Reforms in Africa . Quality education enhances the distribution of competent workers, and governments can use this greater supply to develop an equitable where everyone, wealthy or poor, can have similar opportunities.

For children, the education system includes elementary schools, junior and senior high schools, and finally universities. The education system covers the socio-economic factors that usually influence schools at the state, federal, state, and community levels. The volume emphasizes that education is a key part of any development. Knowledge can increase wealth and well-being; college graduates in most countries earn higher incomes. The volume shows that people who have completed a high school diploma are more likely to show good health and wealth, than those who have not received a high school education. However, the education system needs to be monitored and improved to provide better educational opportunities-starting from early childhood education and continuing throughout life. They need to provide people with the knowledge, skills and tools needed to stay competitive and involved in society. Some of the topics covered in this book include; chapter 1: education systems in Europe, chapter 2: access to education in Europe, chapter 3: educational choices, transitions and aspirations in Europe, and chapter 4: globalization and Europeanization of education.

Although the financial crisis has affected Asia, the region is still expected to achieve its educational goals. In terms of basic, primary, and higher education enrollment rates, the region's numbers gender disparity continues to decrease. Simply expanding the enrollment numbers is not enough. This volume shows that the dropout rate in the region has been high, and it is necessary to improve the nature of education in order to provide helpless families with better motivation and support tools to keep their children in school. Some of the topics covered include: Chapter 1: "Early Childhood Education in Asia;" Chapter 2: "Primary School Education in Asia;" Chapter 3: "Secondary School Education in Asia;" and Chapter 4: "Tertiary Education in Asia." The volume covers many achievements in the region and the difficulties that still exist in education. It explores various ways to respond to changes, revising the teaching framework to improve the quality, and establishing support networks for students and teachers.

The North American educational system is not the same as those in different continents. Despite the fact that the governments contribute altogether to the public education spending plan, schooling is essentially the duty of local and state administrations. This volume mentions that in nations like Canada, the US, and Greenland, the local administrations have their own departments of education and finance, who are responsible for the employing of school workforce and educational planning. Local states additionally decide the level of training: in many states, education is mandatory from 5 or 6 to 16 years old; yet in certain states, adolescents need to remain in school until age 18. Thus, every state has significant power over what is taught in its schools, and over the necessities that a student should meet; they are additionally liable for the subsidizing of tutoring. The authors mention these topics among others to explain their opinion: Chapter 1: "How American Education Systems Have Evolved?;" Chapter 2: "North American Primary and Secondary Schools;" and Chapter 3: "The North American Higher Education System." The volume makes reference that in many States, the government-funded education system is additionally divided into neighborhood school regions, which are overseen by an educational committee, addressing the nearby local area. School districts may be little, covering only a tiny community or rural region, or tremendous, covering an entire city. They will likewise appoint a varied measure of independence to every school inside their area (with certain exemptions, for example, general principles regarding wellbeing and security).