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The primary goal of this book is to present the theoretical foundation of the field of Euclidean Harmonic analysis. This book is Modern in that is contains more recent topics such as function spaces, atomic decompositions, singular integrals of nonconvolution type, and weighted inequalities. This book is mainly addressed to graduate students in mathematics. The prerequisites are satisfactory completion of courses in real and complex variables, and knowledge of classical Fourier analysis topics. This book is intended to present the selected topics in depth and stimulate further study. This third edition includes a new chapter entitled "e;Multilinear Harmonic Analysis"e;, which includes sections on multilinear operators, multilinear interpolation, multilinear multiplier operators, Calderon-Zygmund operators of several functions, and multiple weights and weighted norm inequalities. The new chapter will tie nicely with the material in chapters 8, 9, and 10, and the author may add a new section in this chapter applying the techniques of chapter 11 in the context of multilinear harmonic analysis. In addition to a new chapter, the third edition contains 1000 different corrections and improvements in the existing text, more examples and applications, new and more relevant hints for the existing exercises, about 20-30 new exercises in the existing chapters, and improved references.

The primary goal of this book is to present the theoretical foundation of the field of Euclidean Harmonic analysis. This book contains the classical topics such as interpolation, Fourier series, the Fourier transform, maximal functions, singular integrals, and Littlewood-Paley theory. This book is mainly addressed to graduate students in mathematics. The prerequisites are satisfactory completion of courses in real and complex variables. This book is intended to present the selected topics in depth and stimulate further study. This third edition includes a new chapter entitled "e;Topics on Fourier series,"e; which includes sections on Gibbs phenomenon, summability methods and Jackson's theorem, Tauberian theorems, spherical Fourier inversion, and Fourier transforms on the line. The new chapter ties really well with the material in the existing chapter 3 "e;Fourier Analysis on the Torus"e; and will prepare the students for (the existing) chapter 4. In addition to a new chapter, the third edition contains 1000 different corrections and improvements in the existing text, more examples and applications, new and more relevant hints for the existing exercises, about 20-30 new exercises in the existing chapters, and improved references.

The subject of this book is Complex Analysis in Several Variables. This text begins at an elementary level with standard local results, followed by a thorough discussion of the various fundamental concepts of "e;complex convexity"e; related to the remarkable extension properties of holomorphic functions in more than one variable. It then continues with a comprehensive introduction to integral representations, and concludes with complete proofs of substantial global results on domains of holomorphy and on strictly pseudoconvex domains inC"e;, including, for example, C. Fefferman's famous Mapping Theorem. The most important new feature of this book is the systematic inclusion of many of the developments of the last 20 years which centered around integral representations and estimates for the Cauchy-Riemann equations. In particu- lar, integral representations are the principal tool used to develop the global theory, in contrast to many earlier books on the subject which involved methods from commutative algebra and sheaf theory, and/or partial differ- ential equations. I believe that this approach offers several advantages: (1) it uses the several variable version of tools familiar to the analyst in one complex variable, and therefore helps to bridge the often perceived gap between com- plex analysis in one and in several variables; (2) it leads quite directly to deep global results without introducing a lot of new machinery; and (3) concrete integral representations lend themselves to estimations, therefore opening the door to applications not accessible by the earlier methods.

. . . if one wants to make progress in mathematics one should study the masters not the pupils. N. H. Abel Heeke was certainly one of the masters, and in fact, the study of Heeke L- series and Heeke operators has permanently embedded his name in the fabric of number theory. It is a rare occurrence when a master writes a basic book, and Heeke's Lectures on the Theory of Algebraic Numbers has become a classic. To quote another master, Andre Weil: "e;To improve upon Heeke, in a treatment along classical lines of the theory of algebraic numbers, would be a futile and impossible task. "e; We have tried to remain as close as possible to the original text in pre- serving Heeke's rich, informal style of exposition. In a very few instances we have substituted modern terminology for Heeke's, e. g. , "e;torsion free group"e; for "e;pure group. "e; One problem for a student is the lack of exercises in the book. However, given the large number of texts available in algebraic number theory, this is not a serious drawback. In particular we recommend Number Fields by D. A. Marcus (Springer-Verlag) as a particularly rich source. We would like to thank James M. Vaughn Jr. and the Vaughn Foundation Fund for their encouragement and generous support of Jay R. Goldman without which this translation would never have appeared. Minneapolis George U. Brauer July 1981 Jay R.

Combinatorial enumeration is a readily accessible subject full of easily stated, but sometimes tantalizingly difficult problems. This book leads the reader in a leisurely way from the basic notions to a variety of topics, ranging from algebra to statistical physics. Its aim is to introduce the student to a fascinating field, and to be a source of information for the professional mathematician who wants to learn more about the subject. The book is organized in three parts: Basics, Methods, and Topics. There are 666 exercises, and as a special feature every chapter ends with a highlight, discussing a particularly beautiful or famous result.

Foundations of Differentiable Manifolds and Lie Groups gives a clear, detailed, and careful development of the basic facts on manifold theory and Lie Groups. It includes differentiable manifolds, tensors and differentiable forms. Lie groups and homogenous spaces, integration on manifolds, and in addition provides a proof of the de Rham theorem via sheaf cohomology theory, and develops the local theory of elliptic operators culminating in a proof of the Hodge theorem. Those interested in any of the diverse areas of mathematics requiring the notion of a differentiable manifold will find this beginning graduate-level text extremely useful.

This is essentially a book on linear algebra. But the approach is somewhat unusual in that we emphasise throughout the geometric aspect of the subject. The material is suitable for a course on linear algebra for mathe- matics majors at North American Universities in their junior or senior year and at British Universities in their second or third year. However, in view of the structure of undergraduate courses in the United States, it is very possible that, at many institutions, the text may be found more suitable at the beginning graduate level. The book has two aims: to provide a basic course in linear algebra up to, and including, modules over a principal ideal domain; and to explain in rigorous language the intuitively familiar concepts of euclidean, affine, and projective geometry and the relations between them. It is increasingly recognised that linear algebra should be approached from a geometric point of VIew. This applies not only to mathematics majors but also to mathematically-oriented natural scientists and engineers.

Functional analysis arose in the early twentieth century and gradually, conquering one stronghold after another, became a nearly universal mathematical doctrine, not merely a new area of mathematics, but a new mathematical world view. Its appearance was the inevitable consequence of the evolution of all of nineteenth-century mathematics, in particular classical analysis and mathematical physics. Its original basis was formed by Cantor's theory of sets and linear algebra. Its existence answered the question of how to state general principles of a broadly interpreted analysis in a way suitable for the most diverse situations. A.M. Vershik ([45], p. 438). This text evolved from the content of a one semester introductory course in fu- tional analysis that I have taught a number of times since 1996 at the University of Virginia. My students have included ?rst and second year graduate students prep- ing for thesis work in analysis, algebra, or topology, graduate students in various departments in the School of Engineering and Applied Science, and several und- graduate mathematics or physics majors. After a ?rst draft of the manuscript was completed, it was also used for an independent reading course for several und- graduates preparing for graduate school.

The great mathematician G. H. Hardy told us that ¿Beauty is the ?rst test: there is no permanent place in the world for ugly mathematics¿ (see [24, p. 85]). It is clear why Hardy loved complex analysis: it is a very beautiful partofclassicalmathematics. ThetheoryofHilbertspacesandofoperatorson themisalmostasclassicalandisperhapsasbeautifulascomplexanalysis. The studyoftheHardy¿Hilbertspace(aHilbertspacewhoseelementsareanalytic functions), and of operators on that space, combines these two subjects. The interplay produces a number of extraordinarily elegant results. For example, very elementary concepts from Hilbert space provide simple proofs of the Poisson integral (Theorem 1. 1. 21 below) and Cauchy integral (Theorem 1. 1. 19) formulas. The fundamental theorem about zeros of fu- tions in the Hardy¿Hilbert space (Corollary 2. 4. 10) is the central ingredient of a beautiful proof that every continuous function on [0,1] can be uniformly approximated by polynomials with prime exponents (Corollary 2. 5. 3). The Hardy¿Hilbert space context is necessary to understand the structure of the invariant subspaces of the unilateral shift (Theorem 2. 2. 12). Conversely, pr- erties of the unilateral shift operator are useful in obtaining results on f- torizations of analytic functions (e. g. , Theorem 2. 3. 4) and on other aspects of analytic functions (e. g. , Theorem 2. 3. 3). The study of Toeplitz operators on the Hardy¿Hilbert space is the most natural way of deriving many of the properties of classical Toeplitz mat- ces (e. g. , Theorem 3. 3.

This book is about the interplay between algebraic topology and the theory of infinite discrete groups. It is a hugely important contribution to the field of topological and geometric group theory, and is bound to become a standard reference in the field. To keep the length reasonable and the focus clear, the author assumes the reader knows or can easily learn the necessary algebra, but wants to see the topology done in detail. The central subject of the book is the theory of ends. Here the author adopts a new algebraic approach which is geometric in spirit.

About the first edition:"e;The text is geared to the needs of the beginning graduate student, covering with complete, well-written proofs the usual major branches of groups, rings, fields, and modules...[n]one of the material one expects in a book like this is missing, and the level of detail is appropriate for its intended audience."e; (Alberto Delgado, MathSciNet)"e;This text promotes the conceptual understanding of algebra as a whole, and that with great methodological mastery. Although the presentation is predominantly abstract...it nevertheless features a careful selection of important examples, together with a remarkably detailed and strategically skillful elaboration of the more sophisticated, abstract theories."e; (Werner Kleinert, Zentralblatt)For the new edition, the author has completely rewritten the text, reorganized many of the sections, and even cut or shortened material which is no longer essential. He has added a chapter on Ext and Tor, as well as a bit of topology.

This book is meant to be an introduction to Riemannian geometry. The reader is assumed to have some knowledge of standard manifold theory, including basic theory of tensors, forms, and Lie groups. At times we shall also assume familiarity with algebraic topology and de Rham cohomology. Specifically, we recommend that the reader is familiar with texts like [14] or[76, vol. 1]. For the readers who have only learned something like the first two chapters of [65], we have an appendix which covers Stokes' theorem, Cech cohomology, and de Rham cohomology. The reader should also have a nodding acquaintance with ordinary differential equations. For this, a text like [59] is more than sufficient. Most of the material usually taught in basic Riemannian geometry, as well as several more advanced topics, is presented in this text. Many of the theorems from Chapters 7 to 11 appear for the first time in textbook form. This is particularly surprising as we have included essentially only the material students ofRiemannian geometry must know. The approach we have taken deviates in some ways from the standard path. First and foremost, we do not discuss variational calculus, which is usually the sine qua non of the subject. Instead, we have taken a more elementary approach that simply uses standard calculus together with some techniques from differential equations.

Blending algebra, analysis, and topology, the study of compact Lie groups is one of the most beautiful areas of mathematics and a key stepping stone to the theory of general Lie groups. Assuming no prior knowledge of Lie groups, this book covers the structure and representation theory of compact Lie groups. Included is the construction of the Spin groups, Schur Orthogonality, the Peter-Weyl Theorem, the Plancherel Theorem, the Maximal Torus Theorem, the Commutator Theorem, the Weyl Integration and Character Formulas, the Highest Weight Classification, and the Borel-Weil Theorem. The necessary Lie algebra theory is also developed in the text with a streamlined approach focusing on linear Lie groups.Key Features are: - Provides an approach that minimizes advanced prerequisites; - Self-contained and systematic exposition requiring no previous exposure to Lie theory; -Advances quickly to the Peter-Weyl Theorem and its corresponding Fourier theory; - Streamlined Lie algebra discussion reduces the differential geometry prerequisite and allows a more rapid transition to the classification and construction of representations - Exercises sprinkled throughout.This beginning graduate level text, aimed primarily at Lie Groups courses and related topics, assumes familiarity with elementary concepts from group theory, analysis, and manifold theory. Students, research mathematicians, and physicists interested in Lie theory will find this text very useful.

This book is a thorough introduction to linear algebra, for the graduate or advanced undergraduate student. Prerequisites are limited to a knowledge of the basic properties of matrices and determinants. However, since we cover the basics of vector spaces and linear transformations rather rapidly, a prior course in linear algebra (even at the sophomore level), along with a certain measure of "e;mathematical maturity,"e; is highly desirable. Chapter 0 contains a summary of certain topics in modern algebra that are required for the sequel. This chapter should be skimmed quickly and then used primarily as a reference. Chapters 1-3 contain a discussion of the basic properties of vector spaces and linear transformations. Chapter 4 is devoted to a discussion of modules, emphasizing a comparison between the properties of modules and those of vector spaces. Chapter 5 provides more on modules. The main goals of this chapter are to prove that any two bases of a free module have the same cardinality and to introduce noetherian modules. However, the instructor may simply skim over this chapter, omitting all proofs. Chapter 6 is devoted to the theory of modules over a principal ideal domain, establishing the cyclic decomposition theorem for finitely generated modules. This theorem is the key to the structure theorems for finite dimensional linear operators, discussed in Chapters 7 and 8. Chapter 9 is devoted to real and complex inner product spaces.

Can be used as a graduate textContains many exercisesContains new results

An Introduction to Number Theory provides an introduction to the main streams of number theory. Starting with the unique factorization property of the integers, the theme of factorization is revisited several times throughout the book to illustrate how the ideas handed down from Euclid continue to reverberate through the subject.A number of different approaches to number theory are presented, and the different streams in the book are brought together in a chapter that describes the class number formula for quadratic fields and the famous conjectures of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer. The final chapter introduces some of the main ideas behind modern computational number theory and its applications in cryptography.Written for graduate and advanced undergraduate students of mathematics, this text will also appeal to students in cognate subjects who wish to learn some of the big ideas in number theory.

Elementary number theory is concerned with the arithmetic properties of the ring of integers, Z, and its field of fractions, the rational numbers, Q. Early on in the development of the subject it was noticed that Z has many properties in common with A = IF[T], the ring of polynomials over a finite field. Both rings are principal ideal domains, both have the property that the residue class ring of any non-zero ideal is finite, both rings have infinitely many prime elements, and both rings have finitely many units. Thus, one is led to suspect that many results which hold for Z have analogues of the ring A. This is indeed the case. The first four chapters of this book are devoted to illustrating this by presenting, for example, analogues of the little theorems of Fermat and Euler, Wilson's theorem, quadratic (and higher) reciprocity, the prime number theorem, and Dirichlet's theorem on primes in an arithmetic progression. All these results have been known for a long time, but it is hard to locate any exposition of them outside of the original papers. Algebraic number theory arises from elementary number theory by con- sidering finite algebraic extensions K of Q, which are called algebraic num- ber fields, and investigating properties of the ring of algebraic integers OK C K, defined as the integral closure of Z in K.

This book evolved from a course at our university for beginning graduate stu- dents in mathematics-particularly students who intended to specialize in ap- plied mathematics. The content of the course made it attractive to other math- ematics students and to graduate students from other disciplines such as en- gineering, physics, and computer science. Since the course was designed for two semesters duration, many topics could be included and dealt with in de- tail. Chapters 1 through 6 reflect roughly the actual nature of the course, as it was taught over a number of years. The content of the course was dictated by a syllabus governing our preliminary Ph. D. examinations in the subject of ap- plied mathematics. That syllabus, in turn, expressed a consensus of the faculty members involved in the applied mathematics program within our department. The text in its present manifestation is my interpretation of that syllabus: my colleagues are blameless for whatever flaws are present and for any inadvertent deviations from the syllabus. The book contains two additional chapters having important material not included in the course: Chapter 8, on measure and integration, is for the ben- efit of readers who want a concise presentation of that subject, and Chapter 7 contains some topics closely allied, but peripheral, to the principal thrust of the course. This arrangement of the material deserves some explanation.

This book is an account of the theory of Hardy spaces in one dimension, with emphasis on some of the exciting developments of the past two decades or so. The last seven of the ten chapters are devoted in the main to these recent developments. The motif of the theory of Hardy spaces is the interplay between real, complex, and abstract analysis. While paying proper attention to each of the three aspects, the author has underscored the effectiveness of the methods coming from real analysis, many of them developed as part of a program to extend the theory to Euclidean spaces, where the complex methods are not available.

This book grew out of a one-semester course given by the second author in 2001 and a subsequent two-semester course in 2004-2005, both at the Univ- sity of Missouri-Columbia. The text is intended for a graduate student who has already had a basic introduction to functional analysis; the aim is to give a reasonably brief and self-contained introduction to classical Banach space theory. Banach space theory has advanced dramatically in the last 50 years and webelievethatthetechniquesthathavebeendevelopedareverypowerfuland should be widely disseminated amongst analysts in general and not restricted to a small group of specialists. Therefore we hope that this book will also prove of interest to an audience who may not wish to pursue research in this area but still would like to understand what is known about the structure of the classical spaces. Classical Banach space theory developed as an attempt to answer very natural questions on the structure of Banach spaces; many of these questions date back to the work of Banach and his school in Lvov. It enjoyed, perhaps, its golden period between 1950 and 1980, culminating in the de?nitive books by Lindenstrauss and Tzafriri [138] and [139], in 1977 and 1979 respectively. The subject is still very much alive but the reader will see that much of the basic groundwork was done in this period.

This book introduces the theory of modular forms with an eye toward the Modularity Theorem:All rational elliptic curves arise from modular forms. The topics covered include¿ elliptic curves as complex tori and as algebraic curves,¿ modular curves as Riemann surfaces and as algebraic curves, ¿ Hecke operators and Atkin¿Lehner theory, ¿ Hecke eigenforms and their arithmetic properties, ¿ the Jacobians of modular curves and the Abelian varieties associated to Hecke eigenforms, ¿ elliptic and modular curves modulo p and the Eichler¿Shimura Relation, ¿ the Galois representations associated to elliptic curves and to Hecke eigenforms.As it presents these ideas, the book states the Modularity Theorem in various forms, relating them to each other and touching on their applications to number theory.A First Course in Modular Forms is written for beginning graduate students and advanced undergraduates. It does not require background in algebraic number theory or algebraic geometry, and it contains exercises throughout.Fred Diamond received his Ph.D from Princeton University in 1988 under the direction of Andrew Wiles and now teaches at King's College London. Jerry Shurman received his Ph.D from Princeton University in 1988 under the direction of Goro Shimura and now teaches at Reed College.

This text is an elementary introduction to differential geometry. Although it was written for a graduate-level audience, the only requisite is a solid back- ground in calculus, linear algebra, and basic point-set topology. The first chapter covers the fundamentals of differentiable manifolds that are the bread and butter of differential geometry. All the usual topics are cov- ered, culminating in Stokes' theorem together with some applications. The stu- dents' first contact with the subject can be overwhelming because of the wealth of abstract definitions involved, so examples have been stressed throughout. One concept, for instance, that students often find confusing is the definition of tangent vectors. They are first told that these are derivations on certain equiv- alence classes of functions, but later that the tangent space of ffi.n is "e;the same"e; n as ffi. . We have tried to keep these spaces separate and to carefully explain how a vector space E is canonically isomorphic to its tangent space at a point. This subtle distinction becomes essential when later discussing the vertical bundle of a given vector bundle.

TheclassicaltheoryofFourierseriesandintegrals,aswellasLaplacetra- forms, is of great importance for physical and technical applications, and its mathematical beauty makes it an interesting study for pure mathema- cians as well. I have taught courses on these subjects for decades to civil engineeringstudents,andalsomathematicsmajors,andthepresentvolume can be regarded as my collected experiences from this work. There is, of course, an unsurpassable book on Fourier analysis, the tr- tise by Katznelson from 1970. That book is, however, aimed at mathem- ically very mature students and can hardly be used in engineering courses. Ontheotherendofthescale,thereareanumberofmore-or-lesscookbo- styled books, where the emphasis is almost entirely on applications. I have felt the need for an alternative in between these extremes: a text for the ambitious and interested student, who on the other hand does not aspire to become an expert in the ?eld. There do exist a few texts that ful?ll these requirements (see the literature list at the end of the book), but they do not include all the topics I like to cover in my courses, such as Laplace transforms and the simplest facts about distributions.

This book demonstrates current trends in research on combinatorial and computational commutative algebra with a primary emphasis on topics related to monomial ideals.Providing a useful and quick introduction to areas of research spanning these fields, Monomial Ideals is split into three parts. Part I offers a quick introduction to the modern theory of Gröbner bases as well as the detailed study of generic initial ideals. Part II supplies Hilbert functions and resolutions and some of the combinatorics related to monomial ideals including the Kruskal-Katona theorem and algebraic aspects of Alexander duality. Part III discusses combinatorial applications of monomial ideals, providing a valuable overview of some of the central trends in algebraic combinatorics.Main subjects include edge ideals of finite graphs, powers of ideals, algebraic shifting theory and an introduction to discrete polymatroids. Theory is complemented by a number of examples and exercises throughout, bringing the reader to a deeper understanding of concepts explored within the text.Self-contained and concise, this book will appeal to a wide range of readers, including PhD students on advanced courses, experienced researchers, and combinatorialists and non-specialists with a basic knowledge of commutative algebra.Since their first meeting in 1985, Juergen Herzog (Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany) and Takayuki Hibi (Osaka University, Japan), have worked together on a number of research projects, of which recent results are presented in this monograph.