Localizing Islam in Europe

In the twentieth century, Muslim minorities emerged in Europe seeking work, a refuge from conflict, and higher life standards. As a result, there are now more than 12 million Muslims in Western Europe. As these immigrants became permanent residents, the Islamic communities they developed had to respond to their European context, reinterpreting Islam in accordance with local conditions. This demonstrates how Islam and Europe have shaped one another and challenges the idea that Islamic beliefs are inherently antithetical to European values.