Bøger udgivet af IntechOpen

Advances in 3D Printing presents an overview of various types of advances in 3D printing. It discusses current research trends, problems, and applications of 3D printing processes and materials. The book also discusses advances in bioprinting, tissue generation, radiotherapy, and safety issues in health care. It showcases applications of 3D printing in digital design, body part surrogates, rheological models, airway stents, 3D-printed cermets, and more. It also discusses advances in biomimetic nanocomposite materials, intellectual property concerns, and safety issues in 3D printing technology.

Plants, fruits, and vegetables contain antioxidants that can be used as nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals due to their perceived ability to reduce the risk of developing certain chronic diseases. This book includes thirteen chapters that discuss potential sources of new antioxidants from the fruits of South America and the flora of African countries, how to improve the production of antioxidants and methods to ensure the quality of antioxidants from fresh fruits and vegetables.

Contemporary leadership scholars have been challenged by the need to develop well-educated citizens capable of tackling climate change and social and environmental sustainability. Across the levels of education, leadership has been applied largely to strategic and governance contexts. That is, dominant models of leadership comprise position-based leadership (e.g., principal leadership) and strategic leadership (e.g., school leadership and distributed leadership). There is an opportunity to better understand how educational leaders emerge, the styles and approaches best suited to influencing in educational settings, and the contextual leadership factors that educational leaders ought to be aware of. This book unpacks these practical issues from a conceptual lens. Likewise, domains of sustainable leadership are also underdeveloped, with a need to better enumerate the ways in which individuals assume leadership roles, sense-make, and co-construct solutions to social and environmental sustainability issues. The focus of this book is on enabling space for scholars to apply leadership theory and theorize alternatives to 21st-century sustainability matters.

Breast cancer is the neoplasia with the highest incidence in the female population worldwide. Cancer originates from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules. Histologic type, tumor grade and size, expression of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors, and lymph node and metastasis status are considered important prognostic factors. This book provides a comprehensive overview of breast cancer with chapters on breast cancer markers, breast cancer in different populations, imaging, minimally invasive techniques, breast reconstructive surgery, and much more.

The role of a leader has changed drastically since scholars began theorizing about the modern leader. Contemporary society has and is continuing to evolve. Existing leadership theories need to adapt to be relevant to the expectations of leaders now. That is, new leadership theories emerge in their place. This book presents new ideas in leadership in the 21st-century context as well as new models that explain how individuals enact good leadership. This book serves as an opportunity to critique or defend current understandings of leadership and propose new evidence-based and theory-driven insights into leadership. Leadership is understood as more complex than an individual influencing another. Within the broad domains of leadership, there are leaders, followers, leadership processes, followership processes, teams, dyads, relationships, and context. Each of these is critical in defining what it is to be a good leader in increasingly complex professional and personal environments. This book will encourage authors to make compelling arguments not for how leadership is and has been but rather for how good leadership should be.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a fundamental part of corporate entities to assist human efforts toward addressing global challenges rather than exacerbating them. CSR helps companies to achieve social, economic, and ecological legitimacy. It also shapes industrial practices by maximizing socio-ecological sustainability. This book provides a practical understanding of CSR arrangements and practices. It demonstrates the significance, commitments, challenges, and benefits of CSR in different parts of the world. It includes seventeen chapters that address such topics as sustainability and corporate innovation, CSR in the era of COVID-19, CSR and blockchain technology, CSR in universities, gender diversity in CSR, and much more.

Managing people is the chief task of human resources officers in businesses and industries worldwide. It is a difficult and demanding task, especially in this era of highly dynamic and constantly changing business environments. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic led to major and perhaps irreversible changes in how people work and how businesses operate. This book provides a comprehensive overview of what it means to manage people in the modern world. It includes sixteen chapters organized into three sections: ¿People Management in a VUCA World¿, ¿A Bright Future for People Management¿, and ¿People Management for People Happiness¿. Chapters address such topics as dealing with staff turnover, human resource development strategies during and post-crisis, diversity management, the relationship between career development and value proposition, the happy-productive worker thesis (HPWT), and much more.

Thromboembolism is the most common cause of death in autopsied patients. Recently, this disorder has become a topic of interest due to it being a frequent complication of COVID-19 infection. This book discusses pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, such as those with malignancies such as paraneoplastic symptoms or heart and lung diseases.

Although additives are regularly used in the food industry to improve the organoleptic properties or extend the shelf life of food products, some additives are known to be potentially hazardous if consumed in excess. Increasingly, consumers are avoiding these types of products, highlighting an overall trend toward developing a green and sustainable economy and the emergence of natural additives with equal or greater benefits than synthetic ones. This book is an introduction to the use of natural food additives. It includes eleven chapters that discuss emerging compounds used as food additives and active packaging, molecular gastronomy, enzyme production in the food industry, and much more.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the oldest edible fruits in the Mediterranean and has been used extensively in folk medicine. This book summarizes the antioxidant properties and bioactive polyphenolic ingredients in Greek pomegranate varieties and the vasculoprotective and neuroprotective effect of various parts of pomegranate and its main compounds, especially hydrolysable tannins, ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and their metabolites. Research has shown that pomegranate extracts possess unusual and potent broad-spectrum activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. As such, the book also explores the role of pomegranate in the treatment of cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, the book investigates the post-harvest management of pomegranate in industrial processing to improve pomegranate utilization for human health.

The study of staphylococci has a long way to go, due to the great significance both for humans and for dairy or companion animals of their large number of virulence factors. Their resistance to antibiotics makes these microorganisms become highly pathogenic species that can cause infections ranging from mild to fatal. Staphylococci, especially S. aureus and strains resistant to methicillin (MRSA), are among the most studied microorganisms worldwide. This book covers recent advances in the study of staphylococci. The book is divided into four sections that cover four important events for the study and combat of staphylococci: colonization, epidemiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, and new treatments. Staphylococci can present a broad spectrum of resistance to antibiotics, which is why their elimination has become difficult. The final section of the book is devoted to new compounds for the fight against staphylococci. We hope that the information contained in this book will be useful for the study and investigation of these medically important microorganisms.

All around the world, pipelines ensure the economic transmission of essential fluids to different industries and residential buildings. The discipline of pipeline engineering covers a wide range of topics, including design, construction, operation, instrumentation, maintenance, integrity, management, corrosion, and failure. Probably the most significant subjects are design, failure, and management, as these specialties have direct impacts on all other aspects of pipeline engineering. This book focuses on some recent evidence-based developments in these fields. The chapters include experiment-, simulation-, and analysis-based studies. The contributing authors come from diverse geographical locations with strong experience in their respective fields. The technological aspects examined here would definitely reinforce a pipeline engineer¿s decision-making process.

Games both as activities and as a basic educational tool are important not only from birth to death, but also from the beginnings of human society to the present day. This book describes some modern game approaches, procedures and algorithms, as well as the practical use of game theory and its development. The discipline of game theory deals mainly with types, description, algorithmization and strategies, but also the formalization of games. Among other topics, the book discusses game classifications and formalization, cooperative and non-cooperative games, symmetric and asymmetric games, simultaneous and turn-based (sequential) games, and games with complete and incomplete information. The book also considers the testing and presentation of games, the relationship of game theory and information technologies, of strategy games and sports games, of economy and business games theory, and the educational, training and sociological impacts of gaming.

Recycling is an act of collecting and processing items that would otherwise be discarded as waste in order to create a new product. Recycled material is being used in an increasing number of today¿s products. Waste management is primarily concerned with a wide range of wastes, including industrial, biological, household, municipal, organic, biomedical, and radioactive wastes. Human activity, such as the mining and processing of basic resources, generates waste and poses health problems that can emerge both indirectly and directly. Waste mismanagement is a serious problem on an individual and a governmental level. Nowadays, the waste disposal business is struggling to adapt to globalized consumerism, a system in which things are manufactured on one continent, purchased and used on another, and disposed of on yet another. Therefore, remediation is often subject to a variety of legal criteria, but it can also be based on evaluations of human health and environmental concerns in cases where no statutory standards exist or when standards are advisory. This book discusses recycling strategies and technologies to find solutions to waste management. Chapters address such topics as biodegradable waste, the circular economy, managing industrial and nuclear waste, and much more.

Bone tumour management is a rapidly evolving field, thanks to ongoing successful research. This book is a comprehensive review of selected topics that have seen rapid change over the last decade. Arranged in an easy-read format, it contains three sections: the first discusses general topics pertaining to bone tumours; the second is devoted to breast carcinoma; and a larger final section concerns sarcomas and their management. This book explains complex topics in an easy-to-understand format, elegantly presented by a group of eminent researchers. It is a must-have book for researchers, scientists and clinicians, including medical students, oncologists, orthopaedic surgeons, and anyone who manages bone tumours. The book may serve as a CME (continuing medical education) tool for those wishing to update their knowledge on bone tumours.

Rapid urbanization has led to many problems in cities, including climate change, deteriorating infrastructure, disorganized labor forces, and diminishing resources. This book presents a well-grounded vision for the kind of future city we need to live in by encapsulating the most salient and practical implementations of the many responsibilities and functions that characterize the modern metropolis. Furthermore, this book uses the idea of sustainability to show and analyze many theories and approaches to handling the topic of modern sustainable smart cities, as well as the effects they have on human life and the natural environment through sustainable development objectives and aims supported by the United Nations.

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a heterogeneous group consisting of more than 100 tumor types originating from the brain, cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord, and meninges. Despite the positive developments of recent years, especially in the treatment of high-grade brain tumors, treatment outcomes have not yet reached an acceptable level. However, due to advances in clinical and experimental studies, the genetic and molecular structures of many high-grade CNS tumors are now better understood. The World Health Organization¿s 2021 Classification of CNS Tumors has aided the understanding of the genetic, molecular and immunological structures of these tumors as well as their interactions with their microenvironment. Targeted therapies and vaccines developed with immunotherapy protocols are promising developments. This book explores the natural history of CNS tumors and discusses relevant treatment protocols.

This book discusses the chemistry and applications of pyridine derivatives. The library of pyridine derivatives is growing steadily with numerous synthetic analogues already described and the identification of new, naturally occurring pyridine-based compounds. The book includes ten chapters organized into two parts. The first part focuses on the numerous types of reactions that arise from pyridine derivatives. The second part examines the pharmaceutical applications of pyridine derivatives as well as their usefulness as sensors for metal cations and extracting agents for platinum group metals.

Root vegetables are the sections of underground plants that are harvested and consumed by humans for their nutritional value. They are found in a wide variety of plant species. Even though botany draws a distinction between real roots and non-roots, the term ¿root vegetable¿ refers to both kinds in the context of agriculture and cuisine, despite botany classifying genuine roots as separate from non-roots. Root vegetables are often storage organs that store energy in the form of carbohydrates. This book explores recent developments in root vegetable research against the background of current and impending environmental change.

This book provides a detailed overview of recent advances in the captivating world of quantum dots and outlines some possible imminent new directions for this important field. A variety of advanced techniques is rapidly developing in the application of quantum dots to solar photovoltaics, LEDs, quantum computing (qubits) and different biological spheres. The book presents, discusses and compares devices based on state-of-the-art structures, incipient material and new physical effects. Improved efficiency and reliability in these fields are already pointing the way to next-generation devices, especially in the nano regime. This book is addressed to students and scientists working in the field of quantum dots and progressive technologies.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - New Insights and Recent Progress explores a vast array of subjects related to immune checkpoint inhibitors and presents novel insights in this emerging field. Chapters address such topics as mechanistic approaches of emerging immune checkpoint inhibitors, their role in clinical and pre-clinical trials, the manipulation of the system by immune-related adverse events that hinder the utility of these immune molecules, and the predictive and prognostic aspects of these molecules as biomarkers of response in immunotherapy. The book is useful for students, clinicians, and scientists to gain updated information on managing patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Holography of today is a broad field developed in the meeting between optics and the digital world of computers. A hologram usually contains more or different information on the observed scene than a regular image of the same scene. The development of the field has been accelerated lately due to the improvement of digital cameras, computers, light sources, and spatial light modulators. As a multidisciplinary area, holography connects experts in electro-optical engineering, image processing, and computer algorithms. More experts are needed when holography is utilized in various applications such as microscopy, industrial inspection, biomedicine, and entertainment. This book provides an overview of the world of holography from the aspect of concepts, system architectures, and applications.

Boron is a chemical element with three valence electrons for forming covalent bonds, resulting in many compounds. Doping/integration of boron atoms into other atoms provides new wonder materials with unique physical, chemical, and electrical properties. This book provides an overview of the research and developments of boron-based materials such as boron nitride, boron clusters, boron doping, boron compounds, and so on. Chapters cover all aspects of boron-based materials including theoretical backgrounds of structure and properties, computer simulation, synthesis techniques, device fabrication, characterizations, and current state-of-the-art applications.

The tomato is a valuable vegetable, popular all over the world. This book covers interesting research topics including tomato plant nutrition, production and chemical composition, tomato plant protection, and sustainable tomato processing technologies. This book will be of value to researchers, academics, and students in the field of agronomy, food, pharmacy, and other sectors.

Graphene is considered as a miracle material for scientists and engineers owing to its outstanding physical properties. Graphene and its nanocomposites are promising multifunctional materials with improved tensile strength and elastic modulus. graphene nanocomposites may have a wide range of potential applications due to their outstanding properties and the low cost of graphene. Because graphene composites have a controllable porous structure, a large surface area, high conductivity, high-temperature stability, excellent anti-corrosion properties, and composite compatibility, they can be used in energy storage as electrocatalysts, electro-conductive additives, intercalation hosts, and an ideal substrate for active materials. Shortly, graphene will be a base for the next generation¿s scientific revolution.

In this volume, the reader will find a wide range of extended review chapters from international experts in the field of eye disease, interesting discussions from the field about frequently forgotten diseases, and original research chapters with interesting new ideas about the future of ophthalmology.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and cause of joint pain in adults. It affects more than 500 million people worldwide. Patients develop osteoarthritis when the structure of the protective cartilage that covers the bones begins to deteriorate. Recent research shows that multiple drugs in development are promising to treat osteoarthritis. Yet, most physicians agree that we still do not have enough effective treatments for this condition. What works for one person might not work for someone else. Consequently, osteoarthritis research is very important because understanding what causes osteoarthritis or why it progresses remains controversial. In fact, although articular cartilage is the primary target of the disease, both subchondral bone and synovium are often actively involved. This book describes the details of both surgical and non-surgical treatment options for osteoarthritis.

This book provides theoretical answers, applied methodological models, and didactic experiences that seek to reflect and analyze the potentialities and challenges of the active learning concept in STEAM disciplines and social sciences education. It also contributes to the understanding, intervention, and resolution of contemporary social problems and to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals through the design, implementation, and evaluation of educational programs that incorporate integrated active learning as one of its explanatory axes.

Infrared Spectroscopy - Perspectives and Applications is a compendium of contributions from experts in the field of infrared (IR) spectroscopy. This assembly of investigations and reviews provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals as well as the groundbreaking applications in the field. Chapters discuss IR spectroscopy applications in the food and biomedicine sectors and for measuring transport through polymer membranes, characterizing lignocellulosic biomasses, detecting adulterants, and characterizing enamel surface advancements. This book is an invaluable resource and reference for students, researchers, and other interested readers.

Time series data consist of a collection of observations obtained through repeated measurements over time. When the points are plotted on a graph, one of the axes is always time. Time series analysis is a specific way of analyzing a sequence of data points. Time series data are everywhere since time is a constituent of everything that is observable. As our world becomes increasingly digitized, sensors and systems are constantly emitting a relentless stream of time series data, which has numerous applications across various industries. The editors of this book are happy to provide the specialized reader community with this book as a modest contribution to this rapidly developing domain.