Bøger udgivet af Cuvillier

A variety of commercial and defense applications are expected to have sub-terahertz (THz) and mm-wave integrated circuits in the near future. Silicon (Si) technologies partly meet the demands but are limited in their power handling capability. III-V technologies, in particular InP, offer higher output power but fall short of their Si counterparts if it comes to integration density and complexity. Thus, research on hetero-integration of Si with InP has gained increasing interest.This work focuses on MMIC signal sources as important building blocks that are based on FBH¿s 0.8 ¿m InP-DHBT transferred-substrate (TS) process, offering an InP-DHBT as well as an InP-on-BiCMOS version. This process is unique and provides interesting possibilities to realize integrated circuits in the frequency range between 100 GHz and more than 300 GHz. First, fundamental sources at 96 GHz and 197 GHz are presented. They deliver +9 dBm and 0 dBm output power with 25% and 0.5% overall DC-to-RF efficiency, respectively. Furthermore, 162 GHz and 270 GHz push-push sources are demonstrated utilizing an InP-on-BiCMOS process, which achieve -4.5 dBm and -9.5 dBm output power.Subsequently, multiplier-based signal sources are demonstrated including a full G-band (140-220 GHz) frequency doubler, which delivers +8.2 dBm at 180 GHz and more than +5 dBm in the range 160-200 GHz. The doubler circuit exhibits a power efficiency of 16% in this frequency range. Also, the highest frequency is reached by a wideband 328 GHz quadrupler, with -7 dBm output power at 325 GHz and 0.5% DC-to-RF efficiency.The final part is devoted to hetero-integrated circuits and the necessary design considerations. Two 250 GHz and 330 GHz sources are demonstrated that deliver -1.6 dBm and -12 dBm output power, respectively. These are the first hetero-integrated signal sources in this frequency range reported so far.

This work deals with modeling and numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer associated with phase change process inside both isotropic and anisotropic porous media, based on the Two-Phase Mixture Model (TPMM) along with the assumption of Local Thermal Equilibrium (LTE) and Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) conditions. In particular, it demonstrates the necessity and usefulness of a newly proposed smoothing algorithm for handling the sharp discontinuities in the effective diffusion coefficient in order to avoid the occurrence of non-physical ¿jump¿ in the predicted temperature distribution during the numerical simulation of the complete phase change process inside porous media. For the purpose of demonstration, one- and two-dimensional phase change problems operated in the Darcy flow regime have been considered.The Finite Volume Method (FVM) has been used on both staggered and non-staggered grid layouts in order to solve the governing conservation equations. In this work, after critically analyzing the drawbacks of the existing enthalpy formulation based on TPMM, a modified formulation has been also developed that can easily accommodate substantial density variations in the single phase regions. The results obtained from the modified enthalpy formulation have been compared with that predicted by the existing modified volumetric enthalpy formulation and excellent agreements have been observed for all tested cases. A thorough parametric study, using both LTE and LTNE models, indicates that the adoption of the proposed smoothing algorithm successfully eliminates ¿jump¿ in the predicted temperature distribution and does not alter the overall energy and momentum balance. All tested cases, covering applicable ranges of parametric variations, could be physically interpreted. The methodology is, therefore, recommended for future simulations of complete phase change process inside porous media. The results also show that the modified enthalpy formulation requires significantly less computation time thanmodified volumetric enthalpy formulation.

In view of the importance of interpersonal processes for humans as social beings, the question of how individuals coordinate their verbal and nonverbal behaviors and what influences their interpersonal style is of high relevance. However, research on interpersonal behavior during competition has produced mixed findings. The present thesis aims to contribute to the explanation of interpersonal behavior during competition. Two empirical studies were conducted to investigate how interpersonal coordination is associated with competition outcomes as well as the hormonal predictors of interpersonal behavior during competition.In our first study, we examined the associations between interpersonal synchrony and various competition outcomes. In our second study, we investigated the joint effects of acute psychosocial stress, testosterone, estradiol and cortisol on interpersonal behavior during competition.

In 18th century France and Germany, new textbooks for teaching the mathematical sciences in higher education, which were usually entitled ¿Cours de Mathématique(s)¿ and ¿Mathematische Anfangsgründe¿, appeared. They are scientific introductory textbooks, which were mainly created to assist the teaching of the mathematical sciences at universities and to be used by the students. They contain a variety of subjects associated with the wide-ranged label of mathematical sciences at that time. This included not only pure, but also the so-called applied mathematics, like mechanics, statics, and optics.Remarkably, these textbooks were written in the national languages ¿ French and German. The work by Confalonieri/Kröger provides firstly an overview of the French and German educational systems in the 18th century; then, an analysis of a selection of some of the most used French and German textbooks for teaching the mathematical sciences, their contents, and their pedagogical approaches follows. The main aim is to point out the similarities and differences between the considered textbooks and, as much as possible, between the corresponding educational systems.

The striving for sustainable development is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. As a result on a corporate level, companies are increasingly forced to broaden their scope by considering environmental and social aspects in their decision-making processes to ultimately remain competitive and prospering. However, the incorporation of sustainability into both qualitative and quantitative corporate decision-making is challenging and complex.Against this background the present doctoral dissertation reveals ways to implement and enhance corporate sustainability. This is done by means of integrating selected methods and concepts, namely the concepts of transdisciplinarity, reverse logistics, and green information systems as well as methods and tools from the discipline of operations research. Within seven research contributions qualitative and quantitative approaches are developed that improve corporate decision-making to achieve sustainability goals.

History of corporations is replete with stories of fundamental organizational change in the face of breakthroughs in technology and significant economic changes. Yet pervasive digitalization, i.e., a socio-technical process whereby digital technology capabilities are embedded into everyday artifacts and life, altering everyday experiences and interactions, brings about substantial changes in environmental conditions not seen before. The fast-paced, unbounded, ongoing, and potentially disruptive nature of change in today¿s digitized world is fueled by the generativity of digital innovation, forcing incumbents across industries to transform and adapt. This cumulative dissertation presents five studies that provide a comprehensive understanding on the emerging phenomenon of digital transformation of business. With the help of primary data collected from more than 40 industry experts as well as secondary data, it aimed at explaining through a configurational perspective how, in certain contextual conditions, a combination of particular mechanisms, may lead automotive manufacturing organizations to embark on a sustainable digital transformation of their business. Overall, the findings derive a holistic view of the investigated phenomenon, indicating that it stems from socio-technical developments in the macro, meso, and micro levels of business, fostering incumbents to build new mechanisms that activate digital transformation capabilities to rapidly respond to such socio-technical developments, fundamentally altering their traditional business logics. Nevertheless, research on the phenomenon of digital transformation is in its infancy in both information systems and organizational science research, therefore more in-depth empirical accounts are still needed.

Diese Arbeit untersucht das Konzept von gestapelten Fotodioden basierend auf einem MESA Prozess. Eine Fotodiode mit einer vertikalen MESA Struktur ist eine neue Herangehensweise für die Detektion von farbigem Licht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass ein Sensor zur Farbdetektion, basierend auf einer MESA Struktur, möglich ist.Durch chemische Gasphasenabscheidungen wird ein n-i-p-n-i-p Stapel gewachsen, der sehr dünne p-n Übergänge besitzt. Danach werden die unterschiedlichen p-i-n Dioden mit Hilfe eines neu entwickelten Ätzprozesses separat kontaktiert. Eine freistehende MESA Struktur wird dadurch erzeugt, dass alle überflüssigen Teile der Struktur durch einen hochselektiven RIE Ätzprozess entfernt werden. Diese neu geschaffene Struktur wird dann mit einer Passivierung und Metallkontakten versehen. Dadurch ist es möglich, sehr dünne und separat kontaktierte p-n Übergänge zu schaffen.Die hergestellten Prototypen wurden einzeln und gleichzeitig spektral vermessen um eine spektrale Antwort der Dioden zu erhalten. Diese spektrale Antwort wurde durch Simulationen sowie theoretische Berechnungen bestätigt.

The theme of 2016 is ¿Solidarity in a competing world ¿ fair use of resources¿. While on the one hand, one part of the world is profiting from natural resources, the other part of the world is suffering with hunger, malnutrition, human diseases, low income, violence and lately is also challenged through climate change. There is need to rethink and engage in a fair share of all resources between the continents and nations. This includes huge engagement into the management of natural resources to solve the long list of environmental threats expressed through ongoing erosion, loss of soil fertility and loss of biodiversity, and topped by climate change having strong impact on the productivity in agriculture, fishery and forestry, and the use and quality of water and of energy in the South.

Generally, once a producer has been genetically designed, optimal process parameters are established to maximise its potential for industrial production. Despite this upstream work, bacterial cells are constantly exposed to various kinds of stress during the whole production process, including e.g. mechanical induced stress, high nutrient or product concentrations and variations of temperature, medium composition or oxygen availability.In this context, the main objective of this work was to investigate more deeply the impact of harsh cultivation temperatures (between 15 and 45°C) and osmotic stress (mimicked using up to 1.8 M NaCl) on the metabolism of the wild-type B. megaterium DSM319 during unlimited growth. To this end, a holistic study including transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and fluxome analyses was performed to offer an integrated picture of cellular adaptation and to find underlying genetic targets for the development of more robust production hosts.Interestingly, while both stress conditions resulted in disruption of redox balance, decreased biomass yields and reduced substrate uptake rates, the flux distribution within the central carbon and energy metabolism as well as the levels of the corresponding mRNAs and proteins were only locally affected. On the contrary, significant modulation of metabolite pools was observed and might constitute a key mechanism to compensate for loss of enzyme activity and maintain or adjust metabolic fluxes under stressful conditions. In addition, specific responses occurring at every biological level were detected in both cases. In particular, exposure at high and low temperature triggered the production of so-called heat and cold shock proteins, respectively, whose functions support sustained growth under these adverse conditions. Under ionic osmotic stress, on the other hand, the whole metabolic machinery was reorganised towards production of the osmoprotectant proline using an alternative pathway only active under this condition.More surprisingly, although B. megaterium has long been known for its capacity to produce the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), a positive correlation between intracellular PHB content and salt concentration could be demonstrated for the first time. As neither the concentration of the enzymes involved in the classical PHB-pathway nor that of their related mRNAs significantly increased, these proteins were systematically overproduced in new plasmid strains, resulting in an up to 75 % higher PHB content. Finally, in silico modelling using elementary flux mode analysis was applied and highlighted new genetic targets for the further improvement of PHB production in B. megaterium.

We ¿ the organisers of Horizons in Molecular Biology ¿ are excited to welcome you to our 13th Annual Symposium. This year, we have a week filled with exciting talks from industry,scientific publishing, consulting representatives,as well as field-leading scientists to inspire,instruct, and challenge you. On Monday you are welcome to take part in the Horizons Career Fair. We have invited speakers from many different career paths to talk you through career opportunities while also sharing their personal stories.

This work presents an indirect hydro-mechanical (HM) coupling concept to study the caprock integrity with regards to CO2 storage in saline aquifer by means of numerical simulations. The HM coupling concept is realized by developing an effective mean stress dependent permeability model and an effective mean stress dependent Biot¿s coefficient model in reservoir sandstones. The developed models are implemented into the numerical HM-simulator TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D by writing functions with Fortran 90 in an open source code TOUGH2MP and FISH Language in FLAC3D, respectively.The pilot project for CO2 storage in Ketzin is chosen as a case study to validate the developed HM concept. The numerical simulations are performed using the modified HM coupling simulator TOUGH2MP-FLAC3D. The good agreement of the simulation results with the existing research data suggests that the developed coupling concept can be used for the caprock integrity analysis in the pilot project at Ketzin. In addition, a generic model with reasonable assumption is adopted to study the caprock integrity with regards to CO2 storage in saline aquifer under commercial injection conditions, and the results confirm that the developed coupling concept can be applied to CO2 storage in commercial scale.

Sulfur has a vital role in the plant life cycle. S deficiency reduces optimal yield and quality in legumes which lead to a reduction in nutritional value of food and feed. S deficiency also alters the symbiotic interaction between leguminous plants and soil nitrogen fixing bacteria which leads to a decline in N2 fixation rate. An efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in the nodule demands a strong nutrient exchange between plant and bacterial cells. The plant symbiotic sulfate transporter (SST) supports adequate S supply for full activity of nodules. In the present study, I investigated how different levels of S supply affect the protein and mRNA expression of genes related to N2 fixation in Pisum sativum. Moreover, different sulfate transporter genes were identified in pea and the functional analysis was performed for the symbiotic sulfate transporter from pea after expression in yeast double mutant. Growth retardation was observed in both weak and severe S deficient plants while severe S deficiency led to a significant decline in total biomass and shoot dry weight. Chlorosis and yellowish leaves in severe S deficient plant were observed as a consequence of a 43% decline in the chlorophyll content of young leaves in comparison with the control plants. Both weak and severe S deficiency reduced nodule formation. Thus, nodules appeared smaller and green with less leghemoglobin content in the S deficient groups. Relative transcript abundance of leghemoglobin genes (PsLb5 and PsLb120) did not change significantly under S deficiency conditions in the vegetative phase, thus confirming that expression of both genes is essential to create a low O2 concentration in young nodules. In contrast, severe S deficiency during the generative phase reduced expression of leghemoglobin at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the higher leghemoglobin content in the generative phase is indicative for a higher leghemoglobin demand of mature nodules to maintain a low O2 environment and to protect the nitrogenase for an effective SNF. Nitrogenase is encoded by the nifHDK gene cluster. Severe S deficiency reduced the relative transcript abundance of the ¿ subunits (NifK gene) while expression of ¿ subunits (NifD gene) was mostly unaffected. S deficiency conditions increased relative transcript abundance of ferredoxin to compensate the S limitation in the nodule. Furthermore, a higher level of ferredoxin expression in the generative phase compared to the vegetative phase might be accompanied by a more SNF activity in the generative phase. In contrast to the nodule, relative ferredoxin transcript abundance was reduced under severe S deficiency in the root and leaf tissues supporting sulfite reduction and NADP photo-reduction. Both severe and weak S deficiencies reduced the relative transcript abundance of ferredoxin in the young leaves more than the mature leaves because the mature leaves are the main site of sulfate storage and assimilation. Severe S deficiency reduced expression of the nodule-specific sulfate transporter (SST) in both vegetative and generative phase of plant life which confirms a disruption in sulfate transport in symbiosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of 14-full length sulfate transporter sequences from pea and other known sulfate transporters from the leguminous family revealed that they fall into five major groups. In conclusion, a reduced sulfate import into the nodule probably reduces the sulfate related metabolites and interrupts the expression and biosynthesis of nitrogenase, leghemoglobin and ferredoxin proteins and eventually leads to an interruption of SNF. Moreover, severe S deficiency could limit the S compounds and S containing amino acids essential for the synthesis of critical products such as chlorophyll, thus leading to a lower rate of photosynthesis and fewer energy sources for an efficient yield.

To date, the way in which software is developed has undergone considerable changes. It is well known that successful software development projects require diverse team members with specialized knowledge pools to leverage each other¿s knowledge, solve problems and produce ideas collaboratively to accomplish software development tasks. While these specialized pools of knowledge are essential for software development, they create knowledge boundaries which impede cross-border communication and collaboration. Addressing such knowledge boundaries is particularly difficult when clients outsource software development projects to external vendors in offshore regions. The knowledge asymmetries between client and vendor employees are often extreme and they are geographically distributed. The three research papers included in this book provide a better understanding of how and why knowledge boundaries can be bridged and how co-created ideas can be generated over time. The implications for successful software development projects in offshore settings are highly relevant for theory and practice.

In pharmaceutical development many questions still remain unsolved despite the availability of many analytical techniques. Consequently, the need of novel analytical approaches is not yet satisfied. In this thesis, confocal Raman microscopy is utilized to fill the scientific gap. In fact, the benefit of this non-destructive, label-free visualization technique for profound analysis in complex pharmaceutical applications is successfully demonstrated.The impact of drying on drug distribution is proven by localizing the drug in wet-extruded pellets with Raman imaging. Additionally to this finding, the correlation between drug distribution and release is successfully elucidated. For the first time, confocal Raman microscopy is combined with optical profilometry. Thus, the limitations of the confocal microscope are overcome and all-encompassing component visualization in complex drug delivery systems exhibiting challenging structured surfaces is realized. During development of a lipid-based drug permeation model, the successive formation of the permeation barrier during coating is finally described using Raman analysis. Investigations benefit tremendously from a combination of chemical imaging in lateral and vertical planes to depict barrier integrity and stability. Finally, human cells as well as the uptake of different nanoparticles are analyzed label-free in aqueous environment, utilizing linear and coherent Raman techniques.

The first chiral amidinate borohydride rare earth compounds and compounds based on (S)-HPEBA ((S,S)-N,N-bis-(1-phenylethyl)benzamidine) ligand were reported by Roesky et al. To continuing this work, the new chiral ligand (S)-HNEBA ((S,S)-N,N-bis-(1-naphthylethyl)benzamidine) were synthesized. The corresponding amidinate metal complexes were successfully obtained by amine elimination. The luminescent and magnetic properties of rare earth compounds were studied.Alkaline earth metal compounds have been extensively studied as catalysts in synthetic chemistry. However, chiral amidinate alkaline earth metal complexes have never been reported. Chiral amidinate ligand (S)-HPEBA was introduced into the coordination chemistry of the alkaline earth metal as well as divalent lanthanides, their catalytic activities in hydrophosphination have been investigated. The Ba compound showed high catalytic activities in the hydrophosphination reaction.Moreover, since rare earth metal COT complexes exhibit excellent SMM behavior, it is of great interest to study the magnetic behavior of COT amidinate complexes. Thus, amidine ligand (S)-HPEBA and (S)-HPETA are introduced into the corresponding COT amidinate complexes for magnetic properties studies. The Er Compound exhibited typical field-induced SMM behavior. Furthermore, inspired by the promising application of lanthanide SMMs and the research of SMMs based on sandwich type lanthanide complexes, a series of novel sandwich type complexes comprising of Pc and COT ligand were designed and synthesized.

This work describes the improvement in thermal management of InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) fabricated with a transferred-substrate process. The availability of nanocrystalline CVD diamond-on-silicon (Si) handle substrates makes it possible to introduce a 10 µm diamond layer into the InP HBT MMIC stack with BCB-embedded transistors, passive elements and metal interconnects using an adhesive wafer-to-wafer bond process with subsequent removal of the Si host-substrate. Vertical thermal via connections through the diamond and BCB were created by applying inductively coupled plasma etching with oxygen plasma and electroplating.Electrical characterization of transistors after diamond transfer showed no degradation in RF characteristics and an improvement in DC behavior. A reduction in thermal resistance by 74% from 4.2 K/mW to 1.1 K/mW was observed, which to the author¿s knowledge is the lowest thermal resistance for 1-finger InP HBTs with 0.8×5 µm2 emitter area. Significant reduction of thermal resistance of multi-finger devices was achieved: from 4.1 K/mW down to 0.7 K/mW for 2-finger HBTs and from 1.53 K/mW down to the recordly small 0.54 K/mW for 3-finger devices.Based on the developed diamond heat spreader technology, the designed medium-power amplifier delivers a maximum output power of 20 dBm representing the improvement of 4 dBm. Moreover, stable operation of a high-power amplifier with maximum output power of 23 dBm was reached.

In Hubschraubern kommen mitunter aufwändige regelungstechnische Verfahren zum Einsatz, um ein intuitiv steuerbares und stabiles Verhalten der Maschine zu erzeugen. Klassische Ansätze in der Entwicklung setzen dabei auf Iterationen aus Systemidentifikation und Auslegung des Systems im Frequenzbereich. In diesem Buch wird vor dem Hintergrund der nur zu gerne unterschätzten Problematik der begrenzten Bandbreiten eine robuste adaptive Regelung eingeführt. Dazu wird ein hochfrequent-aktualisierender L1-adaptiver Regler entsprechend angepasst, ein neues adaptives Gesetz der Ausgangsrückführung eingeführt, eine neue Strategie zur Auslegung der Zustandsrückführung vorgestellt, und für den sicherheitskritischen Aspekt Effekte von Ungenauigkeiten im Rechentakt und von Sensorrauschen evaluiert. Während klassische Ansätze durch nichtlineare Optimierung weitestgehend automatisierbar sind und dennoch die Notwendigkeit wiederholter Flugtests nicht verhindern können, ist der L1-adaptive Regler bei entsprechendem Systemverständnis besonders geeignet, Entwicklungszeiten zu verkürzen. Strenge mathematische Beweise untermauern die Stabilität und Robustheit der eingeführten Algorithmen, wobei die Flugeigenschaften in einem Forschungssimulator verifiziert werden.Often, very complex controller techniques are applied to helicopters for generating an intuitively controllable and stable behavior of the aircraft. In legacy controllers, a number of iterations of system identification and loop shaping methods in frequency domain have to be conducted. In this book, a robust adaptive control theory is introduced, with the often underestimated fact of only limited available bandwidths in mind. To this end, the high-frequency adapting L1-adaptive controller is adjusted, a new adaptive law for output feedback is introduced, a new strategy for defining the design of a state feedback controller is proposed, and effects of uncertainties in the processor clock rate and of sensor noise are evaluated for taking the safety critical nature of the system into account. While legacy approaches can be automated by nonlinear optimization techniques and yet cannot eliminate the necessity of repeated flight tests, the L1-adaptive controller is particularly suitable to reduce development time, provided a sufficiently deep understanding of the system is available. Rigorous mathematical proofs substantiate the stability and robustness of the algorithms as shown, while performance and handling qualities are verified in a research simulator.

From the MA¿s framework of ecosystem services and the context in Vietnam, the present study focuses on local people¿s demands for forest ecosystem services (FES) and on drivers of changes that impact the forest ¿ local people relationship in the Nghinh Tuong and Vu Chan communes, northern Vietnam. The research identified the local FES demand and the drivers of changes to support and optimize forest management and policy decision-making at the local scale. The research results shown that local people¿s demand changed over time, depending on the service importance and their availability in each period. FES supply is recognized as having been reduced, although some FES still meets the local demand. The natural forests are appreciated to have a high potential to provide services. The national and local government demands for FES, which focus on conservation and respective forest resource management, mismatch with the demand of local people who require primarily of FPES that have practical significance for their lives. In terms of the indirect drivers of change, both external drivers and internal drivers have great impacts on the forest ecosystems and their services. This research also gave some recommendation for decision making, forestry economic development and improvement local people¿s awareness.

Waste Wood and wood by-products have the potential to become attractive alternative sources of raw materials. Their efficient use is important due to the rising demand and limited supply of forest wood. Cascade utilization is gaining interest as a strategy to bridge the gap between rising wood demand and fresh wood availability. However, the economic and environmental impacts of a cascading system for wood-based products are not fully known. In this work, an investigation is conducted to determine the consequences of cascade utilization for the economic and environmental performance of logistics networks for wood flows. Two case studies in Lower Saxony consider five wood products, including medium density fiber (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB), particleboard, coated paper, and wood pellets. In the first case study, an approach for decision support is developed that consists of a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. In the first case study, the MILP model is used for minimizing the costs of the logistics network for three scenarios. Then the UMBERTO software is applied to determine the quantity of CO2e of the minimized logistics network. In the second case study, the MILP model is enhanced using two objective functions, as cost and global warming potential (GWP) are considered simultaneously. In this case study, it is observed that environmental parameters such as CO2 emissions can also be implemented in the MILP. The utilization of a multi-objective optimization model brings new perspectives (the trade-off between two contradictory objective functions, for instance) in comparison to the first case study, in which CO2 is calculated as an off-line step after logistics costs are minimized.Altholz und Holz-Nebenprodukte besitzen das Potenzial, attraktive, alternative Rohstoffquellen zu werden. Ihre effiziente Nutzung ist von hoher Relevanz, da die Nachfrage nach Holz steigt und die Versorgung mit Holz aus Wäldern begrenzt ist. Um die Lücke zwischen der wachsenden Holznachfrage und ¿ verfügbarkeit zu überbrücken, ist die Kaskadennutzung eine Strategie, welche zunehmendes Interesse erfährt. Allerdings sind die wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Auswirkungen eines Kaskadensystems für Holzprodukte nicht vollständig bekannt. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Untersuchung durchgeführt, um die Folgen der Kaskadennutzung auf die Wirtschafts ¿ und Umweltleistung von Logistiknetzwerken für Holzströme zu bestimmen. Im Rahmen von zwei Fallstudien in Niedersachsen werden fünf Holzprodukte, einschließlich mitteldichten Fasern (MDF), OSB-Platten (OSB), Spanplatten, beschichtetem Papier und Holz-Pellets betrachtet. In der ersten Fallstudie wird ein Ansatz zur Entscheidungsunterstützung entwickelt, der aus einem Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-Modell besteht. Das MILP-Modell wird zuerst in drei verschiedenen Szenarien zur Minimierung der Logistikkosten angewendet. Mithilfe der UMBERTO-Software wird anschließend die Menge von CO2e bestimmt. In der zweiten Fallstudie wird das Modell für zwei Zielfunktionen weiterentwickelt und eingesetzt, bei denen die Kosten und das Treibhausgaspotenzial gleichzeitig betrachtet werden. Diese Fallstudie zeigt, dass auch Umweltparameter wie CO2-Emissionen mit MILP umgesetzt werden können. Die Verwendung eines Mehrzieloptimierungsmodells ermöglicht die Betrachtung neuer Perspektiven (zum Beispiel den Trade-off zwischen zwei widersprüchlichen Zielfunktionen) im Vergleich zur ersten Fallstudie, in welcher CO2-Emissionen in einem Offline-Schritt nach der Minimierung der Logistikkosten minimiert werden.