Bøger udgivet af World Scientific Publishing Company

3D deep learning is a rapidly evolving field that has the potential to transform various industries. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in 3D deep learning, covering a wide range of research topics and applications. It collates the most recent research advances in 3D deep learning, including algorithms and applications, with a focus on efficient methods to tackle the key technical challenges in current 3D deep learning research and adoption, therefore making 3D deep learning more practical and feasible for real-world applications.This book is organized into five sections, each of which addresses different aspects of 3D deep learning. Section I: Sample Efficient 3D Deep Learning, focuses on developing efficient algorithms to build accurate 3D models with limited annotated samples. Section II: Representation Efficient 3D Deep Learning, deals with the challenge of developing efficient representations for dynamic 3D scenes and multiple 3D modalities. Section III: Robust 3D Deep Learning, presents methods for improving the robustness and reliability of deep learning models in real-world applications. Section IV: Resource Efficient 3D Deep Learning, explores ways to reduce the computation cost of 3D models and improve their efficiency in resource-limited environments. Section V: Emerging 3D Deep Learning Applications, showcases how 3D deep learning is transforming industries and enabling new applications for healthcare and manufacturing.This collection is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in exploring the potential of 3D deep learning.

This unique compendium provides state-of-the-art computational methodology and applications in bioimage informatics. It covers cutting-edge technology developments in biological image analysis, where images come from new modalities and are often large scale, high throughput and high dimensional. The book reflects advances in intelligent algorithms for tasks such as biological image segmentation, reconstruction, and object tracking.Contributed by world renowned researchers, this useful reference text presents case studies that can potentially help readers find approaches and resources to address their imminent scientific problems.

Continuous state dynamic models can be reformulated into discrete state processes. This process generates numerical schemes that lead theoretical iterative schemes. This type of method of stochastic modelling generates three basic problems. First, the fundamental properties of solution, namely, existence, uniqueness, measurability, continuous dependence on system parameters depend on mode of convergence. Second, the basic probabilistic and statistical properties, namely, the behavior of mean, variance, moments of solutions are described as qualitative/quantitative properties of solution process. We observe that the nature of probability distribution or density functions possess the qualitative/quantitative properties of iterative prosses as a special case. Finally, deterministic versus stochastic modelling of dynamic processes is to what extent the stochastic mathematical model differs from the corresponding deterministic model in the absence of random disturbances or fluctuations and uncertainties.Most literature in this subject was developed in the 1950s, and focused on the theory of systems of continuous and discrete-time deterministic; however, continuous-time and its approximation schemes of stochastic differential equations faced the solutions outlined above and made slow progress in developing problems. This monograph addresses these problems by presenting an account of stochastic versus deterministic issues in discrete state dynamic systems in a systematic and unified way.

It is eleven years since the First Edition of Geometry of Crystallographic Groups appeared. This Second Edition expands on the first, providing details of a new result of automorphism of crystallographic groups, and on Hantzsche-Wendt groups/manifolds.Crystalographic groups are groups which act via isometries on some n-dimensional Euclidean space, so-named because in three dimensions they occur as the symmetry groups of a crystal. There are short introductions to the theme before every chapter, and a list of conjectures and open projects at the end of the book.Geometry of Crystallographic Groups is suitable as a textbook for students, containing basic theory of crystallographic groups. It is also suitable for researchers in the field, discussing in its second half more advanced and recent topics.

The unique compendium provides a broad up-to-date perspective on THz science and technology -- enabling technology for 6G communication, detection of biological and chemical hazardous agents, cancer detection, monitoring of industrial processes and products, and detection of mines and explosives.Contributed by eminent researchers, this useful reference text links THz science and THz applications and combines a detailed review of the state-of-art with the most recent breakthrough research results.

The Numerical Jordan Form is the first book dedicated to exploring the algorithmic and computational methods for determining the Jordan form of a matrix, as well as addressing the numerical difficulties in finding it. Unlike the "pure" Jordan form, the numerical Jordan form preserves its structure under small perturbations of the matrix elements so that its determination presents a well-posed computational problem. If this structure is well conditioned, it can be determined reliably in the presence of uncertainties and rounding errors.This book addresses the form's application in solving some important problems such as the estimation of eigenvalue sensitivity and computing the matrix exponential. Special attention is paid to the Jordan-Schur form of a matrix which, the author suggests, is not exploited sufficiently in the area of matrix computations. Since the mathematical objects under consideration can be sensitive to changes in the elements of the given matrix, the book also investigates the perturbation analysis of eigenvalues and invariant subspaces. This study is supplemented by a collection over 100 M-files suitable for MATLAB in order to implement the state-of-the art algorithms presented in the book for reducing a square matrix into the numerical Jordan form.Researchers in the fields of numerical analysis and matrix computations and any scientists who utilise matrices in their work will find this book a useful resource, and it is also a suitable reference book for graduate and advance undergraduate courses in this subject area.

Logic is a foundational mathematical discipline for Computer Science. This unique compendium provides the main ideas and techniques originating from logic. It is divided into two volumes -- propositional logic and predicate logic. The volume presents some of the most important concepts starting with a variety of logic formalisms -- Hilbert/Frege systems, tableaux, sequents, and natural deduction in both propositional and first-order logic, as well as transformations between these formalisms. Topics like circuit design, resolution, cutting planes, Hintikka sets, paramodulation, and program verification, which do not appear frequently in logic books are discussed in detail.The useful reference text has close to 800 exercises and supplements to deepen understanding of the subject. It emphasizes proofs and overcomes technical difficulties by providing detailed arguments. Computer scientists and mathematicians will benefit from this volume.

This is a collection of lecture notes from the minicourses in the December 2018 Langlands Workshop: Endoscopy and Beyond. The volume combines seven introductory chapters on trace formulas, local Arthur packets, and beyond endoscopy. It aims to introduce the endoscopy classification via a basic example of the trace formula for SL(2), explore the more refined questions on the structure of Arthur packets, and look beyond endoscopy following the suggestions of Langlands, Braverman-Kazhdan, Ngo, and Altü. The book is a helpful reference for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers.

A DNA computer is a collection of specially selected DNA strands, which when encoded into specific combinations are then subjected to bio-molecular manipulation in order to solve computational problems. Rather than storing information in the 1s and 0s of the binary number system, it is now stored in the form of the bases adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). These bases can be arranged into short sequences of DNA that are then artificially synthesised for use as algorithmic inputs. The remarkable advantages of DNA computing, including dense data storage, massively parallel computation, and extraordinary energy efficiency, underscore its potential to revolutionize conventional computing. This innovative approach aligns with a broader trend of harnessing natural processes as computational models.DNA Logic Design: Computing with DNA not only unravels the theoretical intricacies but also navigates the practical challenges, offering a comprehensive exploration of a groundbreaking field at the intersection of biology and computer science. The book starts with the basics of DNA computing, and then describes the fundamental operations of DNA computing. Various kinds of logical designs are then translated into the DNA computing context: arithmetic circuits, combinational circuits, sequential circuits, memory devices, programmable logic devices, and nano processors. Heat and speed calculation techniques round off the book.

This unique volume covers two fundamental elements of computational methods - numbers and functions. It provides an in-depth discussion of the behaviors of numbers, including both real and complex numbers. The discussion leads to the important closure properties of numbers, ensuring solution consistence and existence, and also possible failure in numerical computations in science and engineering.This text then introduces types of functions that take numbers as independent variables and produce a single number. Approaches for constructing inverse functions are also provided. Frequently used basis functions are introduced, with detailed studies on their properties and behaviors. Techniques are presented for constructing basis functions and their use in function approximation in computational methods.

This edited volume makes the case that a systems approach is needed for long-term spaceflight missions. Due to distance from Earth and the impossibility of resupply or rapid return, these flights will entail unprecedented autonomy on the part of the crew. This autonomy includes the need for local clinical decision support and other assistance with urgent medical concerns. The advantage of a systems approach to medical needs in human spaceflight is that it enables a systematic and repeatable methodology for identifying and developing the individual pieces of the spacecraft systems based on the human system needs that are unique to that problem and environment.The book begins by introducing a systems basis for thinking about humans in space. It describes existing models and paradigms of systems medicine, as well as the tools and analytical approaches involved. A tantalizing peek at preliminary applications of systems medicine in NASA is provided. As systems in human spaceflight continue to evolve for the foreseeable future, it is argued that a systems approach will help to ensure that the evolution of the relevant sub-systems is centered on optimal human-system function across the unique spaceflight needs of the developing customer base. The discussions on balancing the needs of the mission versus the maintenance of crew health, medical risk and liability for commercial spaceflights, and the need to anticipate what the next medical issues might be, will hopefully leave readers cautiously optimistic about this new frontier of applied science.

Singapore and New Zealand are island nations that share many similarities and have enjoyed close relations for almost sixty years. Both face global challenges in today's less stable world. Twenty-seven prominent experts cover a wide range of topics, from Singapore's and New Zealand's history, foreign policy, trade relations, economy, sustainability and climate policies, to creative sectors, museums and ageing populations. Other distinguished authors highlight the close cooperation in defence, trade and business.The Editor, Dr Anne-Marie Schleich, was a German career diplomat posted to Singapore from 1982 to 1985 and was the German Ambassador to New Zealand from 2012 to 2016. She is now an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU, Singapore.

Probabilistic models are widely used for description and an analysis of various processes in system reliability, risk, queuing, data communication, logistic and storage systems. The book contains various applications of the theory of continuous-time Markov-modulated processes in operation research. All analytical results are illustrated by numerical computations. Used algorithms allow overcoming computation difficulties successfully. For example, a calculation of transient probabilities of states for a continuous-time finite Markov chain uses eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the corresponding matrix (generator). In a more complex case of differential or integral equations, such a simple explicit form of a solution is missing. The explicit form of solution is presented by means of infinity sums of functions. For example, often we have to deal with the so-called renewal equation. Its solution is presented as an infinite sum of the renewal function. In this case, an approximation of functions of interest and iterative computation procedures are used.

This comprehensive guide expertly distills the vast landscape of large-diameter shield tunneling technology. Authored by a team of eminent shield technology experts with hands-on experience, it presents a treasure trove of real-world engineering data and examples, and simplifies complex concepts for easy comprehension.Its ten chapters offer a structured journey, commencing with Chapter 1, which chronicles the global evolution and innovations in large-diameter tunnel construction technology. Chapter 2 unveils cutting-edge designs and vital functions of contemporary large-diameter shield machines. Chapter 3 explores integrated slurry treatment systems, emphasizing zero-discharge processes, while Chapter 4 delves into high-precision steel mold design and advanced segment production techniques.Chapters 5 and 6 provide in-depth insights into excavation processes, encompassing starting and receiving procedures, excavation face stability, shield body posture management, segment assembly, and synchronous grouting. Chapter 7 adopts an informatics perspective, elucidating data management and control. The critical topic of risk management and countermeasures takes center stage in Chapter 8, while Chapter 9 spotlights domestic large-diameter shield tunneling projects and their pivotal technologies. Lastly, in Chapter 10, the book offers a forward-looking vision for the future of tunneling and shield machine development.Tailored for professionals in design and construction, researchers in scientific institutes, and those engaged in tunnel and underground engineering, this book serves as an invaluable resource. This book empowers engineers and technicians at the forefront by enhancing their grasp of large-diameter shield tunneling construction technology. It also offers indispensable guidance to design, construction, and technical management personnel in the field.

"Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on Mathematical Education. Presents the latest trends in mathematics education research and mathematics teaching practices at all levels"--

One of the central highlights of this work is the exploration of the Yoneda lemma and its profound implications, during which intuitive explanations are provided, as well as detailed proofs, and specific examples. This book covers aspects of category theory often considered advanced in a clear and intuitive way, with rigorous mathematical proofs. It investigates universal properties, coherence, the relationship between categories and graphs, and treats monads and comonads on an equal footing, providing theorems, interpretations and concrete examples. Finally, this text contains an introduction to monoidal categories and to strong and commutative monads, which are essential tools in current research but seldom found in other textbooks.Starting Category Theory serves as an accessible and comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts of category theory. Originally crafted as lecture notes for an undergraduate course, it has been developed to be equally well-suited for individuals pursuing self-study. Most crucially, it deliberately caters to those who are new to category theory, not requiring readers to have a background in pure mathematics, but only a basic understanding of linear algebra.

Due to its capability of handling very complex problems and its high flexibility in adapting to different algorithms, the kernel machine plays a crucial role in machine learning.Bio-Kernel Machines and Applications will introduce a new type of kernel machine for the exploration and modeling between the genotypic inherent structures of short protein sequences or nucleic sequences and the phenotypic biological properties or functions of proteins or nucleotides.The book seeks to establish the fundamentals of the bio-kernel machines by presenting the basic principle and theory of the kernel machine and the various formats of kernel machines, such as string kernel machines adapted for biological applications. The book will also introduce several biological applications of the mutation matrices, demonstrating how mutation matrices can enhance the efficiency and biological relevance of machine learning models applied in specific biological problems.Through analyzing current applications of bio-kernel machines, readers will delve into the advantages of the bio-kernel machines and explore how bio-kernel machines can be further enhanced to tackle a wide spectrum of biological challenges and pave the way for future advancements.

Research has shown that the pandemic has had a profound impact on the dimensions of environmental uncertainty. With the advent of technology, marketing and advertising have undergone constant development and refinement in order to adapt to the growing needs of buyers and investors alike. This book aims to provide a comprehensive review of strategic management and cultural intelligence, in relation to the measurement of financial information quality in recent times. It illustrates how marketing and advertising have changed from conventional to digital marketing, discussing the latest technological features, in addition to the variety of benefits that existing and emerging immersive technologies can bring to retailers and consumers.The study of the transformation of a market-oriented economy is crucial to a successful transition, along with the advancements in exchange efficiency and effectiveness. The book also covers cultural intelligence and financial literacy among in terms of spending, saving, borrowing, and investment in Vietnam.

Topics covered in Discrete Mathematics have become essential tools in many areas of studies in recent years. This is primarily due to the revolution in technology, communications, and cyber security. The book treats major themes in a typical introductory modern Discrete Mathematics course: Propositional and predicate logic, proof techniques, set theory (including Boolean algebra, functions and relations), introduction to number theory, combinatorics and graph theory.An accessible, precise, and comprehensive approach is adopted in the treatment of each topic. The ability of abstract thinking and the art of writing valid arguments are emphasized through detailed proof of (almost) every result. Developing the ability to think abstractly and roguishly is key in any areas of science, information technology and engineering. Every result presented in the book is followed by examples and applications to consolidate its comprehension. The hope is that the reader ends up developing both the abstract reasoning as well as acquiring practical skills.All efforts are made to write the book at a level accessible to first-year students and to present each topic in a way that facilitates self-directed learning. Each chapter starts with basic concepts of the subject at hand and progresses gradually to cover more ground on the subject. Chapters are divided into sections and subsections to facilitate readings. Each section ends with its own carefully chosen set of practice exercises to reenforce comprehension and to challenge and stimulate readers.As an introduction to Discrete Mathematics, the book is written with the smallest set of prerequisites possible. Familiarity with basic mathematical concepts (usually acquired in high school) is sufficient for most chapters. However, some mathematical maturity comes in handy to grasp some harder concepts presented in the book.

Every industry has faced the tidal wave of "digital" that has either re-shaped or dramatically altered their modus operandi. Supporting technologies in the management information systems arena have given rise to increased end to end visibility, real time access to information, and tightly controlled monitoring of deployed assets. In many industries it is straightforward to see the impact that digital technologies have had. Finance is a great example, with cash payments becoming increasingly less and less common, and digital currencies increasing in prominence. Yet how has this impacted supply chain management? In a discipline that spans multiple industries, continents, and companies, are there examples that we can point to that explain how digital supply chains have become? Which aspects of supply chain management were transformed by the digital tidal wave, and which functions are lagging behind? This is what this volume seeks to address.

The Smart Sustainability Transformation Playbook aims to demystify the socio-technical systems and processes of sustainability transitions through the study of 12 smart cities -- Auckland, Boston, Copenhagen, Gothenburg, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Medellin, Melbourne, Milan, Seoul, Tokyo, and Vancouver, selected from the IMD-SUTD 2021 Smart City Index. The selection encompasses a range of smart cities and developments on selected critical areas in economic prosperity, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. The analysis draws on literature review, secondary data, interviews with city officials, and case studies of smart city projects in the 12 cities to better understand how people, organisations, and technologies interact to achieve the city's smart vision for sustainability. Attention is pivoted towards clarifying the characteristics and conditions that help smart cities formulate their visions and strategies on selected issues of economic prosperity, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability; unpacking the processes and outcomes of smart city innovations and transformations with case examples; developing a checklist of critical success factors and pitfalls when implementing smart city innovations; and consolidating a micro-foundation of good practices on success factors and pitfalls in smart city development for long-term change.

Many cities across the world continue to grapple with long-standing urban challenges even as new ones emerge. With each crisis, cities address these perennial (e.g. decentralization of urban cores and revitalising the city centre), nascent, and emergent (work-life balance, digitization of social-economy) urban challenges with a greater sense of urgency. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach to signpost future pathways of cities, drawing on the experiences of the city-state of Singapore.