Bøger udgivet af Willford Press

The branch of mathematics which studies the relationship between side lengths and angles of triangles is known as trigonometry. This field of study is considered to be the foundation of all applied geometry. The real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths are called trigonometric functions. They have a wide range of applications in astronomy, music theory, electronics, medical imaging and optics. Astronomy uses the trigonometric technique of triangulation to measure the distance to nearby stars. A few important concepts within trigonometry are triangle identities and trigonometric identities. This book presents the complex subject of trigonometry in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field. Coherent flow of topics and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

The process of exchanging information through mass media to a large number of people is known as mass communication. There are various mediums which are used for the dissemination of information through this process such as social networking, radio, internet, magazines, film and newspapers. Journalism and advertisements are two prominent examples of mass communication. The production and distribution of reports on recent events is termed as journalism. Within a democratic country, it generally aims to provide a range of opinions with regard to the informational needs of all the people. Some of its diverse forms are access journalism, advocacy journalism and broadcast journalism. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of journalism and mass communication. It consists of contributions made by international experts. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Robotics is concerned with the design, operation, construction and use of robots. It is an umbrella field which includes concepts from various disciplines such as electronic engineering, computer science, mechanical engineering and information engineering. Robotics is also involved in the usage and designing of computer systems for information processing and controlling robots. Some of the important components of robots are power course, actuators, sensors and manipulators. Robots are used in dangerous environments like bomb detection and deactivation. There are various kinds of robots such as military robots, agricultural robots, medical robots, industrial robots, collaborative robots, nanorobots, domestic robots, and autonomous drones. This book presents the complex subject of robotics in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and the applications of this discipline. The book is appropriate for those seeking detailed information in this area.

Concrete is a composite material that is composed of coarse and fine construction aggregate bonded together with fluid cement that hardens over time. The construction aggregate is mixed with water and dry cement, to form fluid slurry which is easy to pour and mold into shapes. The cement forms a hard matrix by reacting with water and other ingredients. This matrix binds together the materials into a durable stone-like material which has many uses. Additives like pozzolans can be added in the mixture in order to improve its physical properties. Concrete is the most frequently used building material. It must be produced carefully since it is time sensitive. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to concrete and concrete structures. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about this field. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field which is focused on designing and discovering new materials. The study of the structure of materials and their properties forms the basis of materials science. A few of the aspects studied under this discipline are crystallography, bonding, thermodynamics and kinetics. There are several research areas which are covered under this discipline such as nanomaterials, biomaterials and semiconductors. Materials science also contributes in the extraction of materials and their conversion into a useful form. The examination of metal alloys is also an important part of materials science. The topics included in this book are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts. For all those who are interested in materials science, this textbook can prove to be an essential guide.

Library science refers to the application of the perspectives, practices and tools of areas such as management, education, information technology to libraries, etc. It includes the collection, organization, preservation and dissemination of information resources. Cataloging in library science refers to the process of creating metadata that represents information resources such as books, moving images, sound recordings, etc. It provides information like titles, creator names and subject terms that describe the resources by creating the bibliographic records. There are two types of cataloging, namely, descriptive cataloging and subject cataloging. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to library science and cataloging. Different approaches, evaluations, and methodologies on this field have been included in it. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The sensors of light or other electromagnetic radiations are referred to as photodetectors. A photodetector has a p-n junction that converts the light photons into current. They can be broadly classified on the basis of their mechanism of detection into photoemission, thermal polarization and photochemical. Photoemission photodetectors use photoelectric effect where electrons transition from conduction bands of a material to free electron state. The most common examples of photodetectors are photodiodes and photo transistors. Some of the fundamental properties of photodectors are quantum efficiency, detectivity, dark current, responsivity, noise-equivalent power, nonlinearity and noise spectrum. Photodetectors include various devices such as gaseous ionization detectors, photomultiplier tubes, microchannnel plate detectors, active pixel sensors, charge-coupled devices, photoresistors, cryogenic detectors, etc. This book traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide an in-depth knowledge about the technology and applications of this field. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored aspects of this domain.

The branch of applied mathematics that is concerned with the utilization of mathematical methods and techniques in engineering and industry is referred to as engineering mathematics. It is an interdisciplinary subject which is closely related to other fields such as engineering physics and engineering geology. Some of the major areas of study within this field are differential equations, real and complex analysis, approximation theory, Fourier analysis and potential theory. There are various specializations within this field such as engineering optimization and engineering statistics. Engineering statistics involves the study of data related to numerous manufacturing processes like tolerances, type material and fabrication process control. Engineering optimization uses optimization techniques for achieving the design goals in engineering. The topics included in this book on engineering mathematics are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in this field. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

A computer network is a digital telecommunications network. It allows computing devices in sharing data with each other using data links between nodes. Network nodes are the network computer devices which originate, route and terminate data. Hosts such as phones, servers and personal computers, along with networking hardware like switches and routers can act as nodes. Computer networks can be formed by linking devices using a variety of transmission media such as radio waves, optical fiber and electrical cable. Networks are characterized by their organizational purpose as well as their physical capacity. A few examples of different types of networks are nanoscale network, local area network and wide area network. The topics included in this textbook on computer networking are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts related to this field. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The branch of neuroscience that uses theoretical analysis, mathematical models and abstractions of the brain for understanding the nervous system is known as computational neuroscience. It is involved in studying the development, structure, physiology and cognitive abilities of the nervous system. The models within this field seek to capture the essential features of the biological system at multi-spatial temporal scales. These models are used to develop hypotheses which can be tested through biological or psychological experiments. The major topics that are studied under computational neuroscience are single-neuron modeling, sensory processing, motor control, computational clinical neuroscience, cognition, discrimination and learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. This book outlines the processes and applications of computational neuroscience in detail. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

The practice of protecting information by eliminating or reducing information risks is termed as information security. It is an important constituent of information risk management. It is primarily concerned with the prevention or reduction of the probability of inappropriate access, disclosure, use, disruption, destruction, modification, and recording. The key concepts related to information security are confidentiality, integrity and availability. Confidentiality ensures that information is not disclosed to unauthorized individuals or entities. Maintaining the accuracy and completeness of data over its entire lifecycle is termed as data integrity. Availability of information involves making it available whenever it is needed. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and principles of information security. It unfolds the innovative aspects of this field which will be crucial for the holistic understanding of the subject matter. This book will serve as a valuable source of reference for those interested in this field.

Chemistry is a discipline of science that deals with the elements and compounds made up of atoms, molecules and ions. It is also concerned with their composition, structure, behavior and properties, as well as the changes they undergo during a reaction with other substances. There are three major branches of chemistry, namely, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry and physical chemistry. Inorganic chemistry studies the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. Organic chemistry focuses on the structure, properties and mechanisms of compounds which have a carbon-hydrogen bond. Physical chemistry deals with the study of the fundamental and physical basis of chemical systems and processes. This textbook attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of chemistry and how such concepts have practical applications. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of this field. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Crystal, also known as crystalline solid, is a material whose constituents are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure. It forms a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. The branch of science, which studies crystals, its formation, and the bonding and arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids is known as crystallography. Crystal structure is the ordered arrangement of atoms, molecules and ions in a crystal. It is used in materials science to characterize different materials and phase identification. X-ray crystallography is a method that determines the molecular conformations of large biomolecules, particularly nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA, and protein. Neutron crystallography is used in refining structures obtained by X-ray methods. Electron crystallography uses transmission electron microscope to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of crystallography. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and the applications of crystallography. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

The compounds in which carbon forms a covalent bond with other atoms is called an organic compound. Organic chemistry is a sub-field of chemistry that focuses on the study of the properties, structure and reactions of organic compounds. The study of the properties of these compounds involves both physical and chemical properties. The study of the structure of organic compounds helps in determining their chemical composition and formula. There are various types of organic reactions which are studied within this field such as the chemical synthesis of natural products, polymers and drugs. Some of the chemicals which are dealt with in this field are hydrocarbons along with carbon bonded with other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and halogens. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of organic chemistry. It provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of this field as well as related fields. This textbook will serve as a valuable source of reference for those interested in this field.

Managerial economics is an interdisciplinary field, which aims at studying the application of economic theories, tools and methodologies to solve practical problems in business and management. It is a branch of economics which applies microeconomic analysis to decision making methods of businesses and other units. This field combines managerial and economics theory. Various areas included in managerial decision making include assessment of investable fund, selecting business area, sales promotion and determining optimum output. The techniques of managerial economics are commonly applied to production analysis, capital budgeting, pricing analysis and risk analysis. Managerial economics helps in suggesting the course of action to a managerial problem and it is prescriptive in nature. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of managerial economics. It is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in this field. The book is appropriate for those seeking detailed information in managerial economics.

An organization comprises of multiple people which has a particular purpose. It is made up of a group of different people who aim to achieve the targeted goal. The management that focuses on adequate handling of all the processes and resources of the company is known as organizational management. Its main objective is planning, organizing, executing and controlling activities for the achievement of company's pre-established goals. The resources which are managed includes financial and human resources, facilities, knowledge, business relationships, etc. There is a growing need for organizational management. It helps in creating a clearer picture of goals of departments. It also assists in effective implementation of business plans. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to organizational management. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and the applications of this field. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

The set of strategies and technologies used by various enterprises mainly for data analysis of business information is known as business intelligence. Diverse functions of business intelligence technologies involve reporting, business performance management, benchmarking, complex event processing, etc. Historical, current and predictive views of business operations are provided in business intelligence technologies. By enabling electronic data interchange and data sharing, it can facilitate collaboration both inside and outside the business. Business analytics refers to the skills, practices and technologies used for continuous iterative investigation and exploration of previous business performance. Its main purpose is business planning. Analytics involves online analytical processing, prescriptive and predictive analytics, data and process mining, etc. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to business intelligence and analytics. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and the applications of this field. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Customer relationship management is concerned with managing a firm's association with current and prospective consumers. It seeks to improve business relationships with customers by using data analysis of customers' history with a company. It particularly focuses on customer retention in order to boost sales. The systems which compile data from varied communications channels form an integral part of customer relationship management. A few of these communication channels are telephone, email, marketing materials, live chat and social media. The main function of customer relationship management is to help companies understand their target audiences so that they can cater to their needs more efficiently. This textbook aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of customer relationship management. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, it makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Traveling for recreational purposes is known as tourism. There can be two types of tourisms - international and national tourism. International tourism has both incoming and outgoing effects on a country's balance of payments. It has become an important source of income for many countries. International tourism is an essential activity that affects the social, educational, cultural and economic sectors of countries as well as influences their international relations. Mass tourism and niche tourism are the two forms of international tourism. Mass tourism refers to the traveling done by groups on pre-scheduled tours under the organization of tourism professionals. The central feature of mass tourism is the relationship between transportation operators, tourism companies and hotels. Niche tourism refers to various specialty forms of tourism such as agritourism, culinary tourism, dark tourism, heritage tourism, extreme tourism, film tourism and wildlife tourism. This book provides comprehensive insights into international tourism. It picks up individual branches and explains their need and contribution in the context of a growing economy. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for those interested in this field.

The study of society and the patterns of social relationships is known as sociology. It also studies the culture of everyday life and social interactions. It seeks to develop a body of knowledge about social order, social evolution and acceptance through critical analysis and empirical methods of investigation. It focuses on a variety of areas such as social class, law, gender, health, religion, social mobility, economy and education. The central theoretical problem of sociology is linking, transcending or coping with three main dichotomies. These dichotomies are synchrony and diachrony, structure and agency, and subjectivity and objectivity. Some of the methods used within this discipline are experimental research, longitudinal study, content analysis and program evaluation. The topics included in this book on sociology are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of this field. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Urban studies is concerned with the study of the urban development of a city. It primarily focuses on the history of development of the city from an architectural perspective as well as the impact of urban design on the community development efforts. It helps to understand the values and development of humans as well as their interaction with their physical environment. Urban studies is an interdisciplinary field that uses concepts from various academic disciplines such as geography, economics, public health, sociology and environmental studies. It focuses on the study of the interactions of the residents within the city, and how race and gender differences lead to social inequalities. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of urban studies. It explores all the important aspects of this field in the present day scenario. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

The social behavior and norms that are prevalent in human societies are collectively known as culture. It is a central concept of anthropology which encompasses the phenomena that are transferred through social learning in human societies. The field of study which is involved in the analysis of the political dynamics of contemporary culture is known as culture studies. It also focuses on the conflicts, defining traits, contingencies and historical foundations of culture. The academic field which is concerned with the research of religious beliefs, behaviors and institutions is referred to as religious studies. It focuses on describing, comparing and interpreting different religions. It explains the systematic and historically based cross-cultural perspectives. It encompasses various disciplines and their methodologies such as sociology, philosophy, anthropology and history of religion. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of culture and religious studies. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The branch of philosophy which seeks to recommend concepts of right and wrong, along with systemizing and defending them, is known as ethics. It deals with a plethora of questions related to human morality through defining concepts such as good and evil, crime and justice, and right and wrong. There are three major areas of study within this discipline. These are normative ethics, meta-ethics and applied ethics. Normative ethics deals with the practical ways of deciding a moral course of action. Meta-ethics are concerned with the theoretical meaning of moral propositions as well as how to determine their truth values. Applied ethics refers to the practical application of moral considerations. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around ethics and the contemporary issues. The topics included in this book are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers.

The discipline that focuses on the study and understanding of society as well as the relationships among individuals within a society is referred to as social science. It is an umbrella term that includes various fields such as anthropology, economics, human geography, linguistics, political science, communication studies, psychology, history, public health and sociology. Other important fields that fall under the domain of social science are archaeology, behavioral science, demography, developmental studies, legal management and marketing. The topics included in this book on social science are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, it makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field.