Bøger udgivet af WESTPHALIA PR

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

The history of Lady Jane Grey illustrates the complex and bloody history of the English monarchy. Through a very long, strange chain of wills, deaths and requests, Jane was named heiress to the English throne of July 1553. She was known as a kind and devout Protestant and was chosen to receive the honor over Edward Tudor's sister, Mary who was Catholic. The attempt to put Jane in power failed; after nine days she was imprisoned in the Tower of London and then executed. Mary Tudor had gotten enough popular support to have Jane deposed. Jane's own immediate family did not impart much kindness either. In a 1550 letter to Roger Ascham, Jane wrote, "I will tell you a truth which perchance ye will marvel at. One of the greatest benefits that God ever gave me is that he sent me so sharp and severe parents and so gentle a schoolmaster. For when I am in the presence of Father or Mother, whether I speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go, eat, drink, be merry or sad, be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing anything else, I must do it as it were in such weight, measure and number, even so perfectly as God made the world; or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly threatened, yea presently sometimes with pinches, nips and bobs and other ways (which I will not name for the honour I bear them), so without measure misordered, that I think myself in hell, till time comes that I must go to Mr Aylmer, who teacheth me so gently, so pleasantly, with such fair allurements to learning, that I think all the time nothing while I am with him." This new edition is dedicated to Emma Norman, who knows well and cherishes English history.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

Popular culture studies are pertinent to many academic fields, ranging from art, music, communications, marketing, and history to political science and anthropology. The subject has had a tremendous impact on research. For example, as political history became less the study of diplomatic history, and as the relevance of all kinds of evidence from neglected topics such as the stage, cinema, sociology and design, and myriad other areas staked their claims, the subject increased enormously in value. A catalyst for the field was the establishment of the Far West Popular Culture Association in 1988. Popular Culture Review, the Far West Popular Culture Association's biannual journal, is chock full of material that is available nowhere else. Westphalia Press and the Policy Studies Organization are proud to bring the collection back into print. Many of the papers originated in the annual meeting of popular culture researchers in Las Vegas, started in 1968, which happily continues and brings people from all over the world to ponder a wide variety of topics; so much so that is hard to think of a problem or policy that the journal does not have value in illuminating. Its insights have long come of age and become an essential tool in the scholar's repertoire.

The vast majority of human action reflects the thoughts, beliefs, and feelings of the actor. There have always been and there will always be those whose actions are erratic or divorced from reality. The actions of this small minority are best ascribed to pathology not philosophy. For the rest of us, we think therefore we are. What we think about today we act upon tomorrow. The Dispatches from the History of the Future contained in this book convey the basic political philosophy which I believe will one day re-inspire our nation to stride upon the stage of History with another round of liberating political action. Dr. Robert Owens is a College Professor/Administrator and the author of a widely published weekly opinion column, The History of the Future, which can be viewed at drobertowens.com. He is also a retired house painter, a former pastor, a musician and a composer. He holds an Associ- ate Degree in Biblical Studies, a Bachelor Degree in Religious Education, a Bachelor Degree in History, a Master's Degree in Religious Education, a Master's Degree in History, and a Ph. D. in Organizational Leadership. Dr. Owens teaches History, Political Science, Religion, and Leadership. His books include; Colonial American History: The Essential Story, The Constitution Failed, The Azusa Street Revival, America Won the Viet- nam War! and NEVER FORGET! All these books are available online from Amazon.com, BarnesandNobles.com and numerous other outlets.

La decada de 1910 a 1920 es un periodo de increible agitacion politica conocido como la Revolucion Mexicana. En 1911, Porfirio Diaz, quien habia sido Presidente de Mexico por 35 anos, fue quitado finalmente del poder. Diaz habia ganado las elecciones presidenciales de 1910, pero el Plan de San Luis, redactado originalmente en San Antonio, Texas, por un grupo de exiliados Mexicanos liderados por Francisco I. Madero, arranco el movimiento revolucionario al proponer sacar a Diaz de la presidencia y restaurar la democracia ante un regimen cuyo autoritarismo era ya demasiado. Los conflictos armados que surgieron a partir de esto eventualmente forzaron a Diaz a ceder, poniendo a Madero como Presidente hasta su asesinato el 19 de Febrero de 1913. El movimiento revolucionario se convirtio entonces en una serie de batallas sangrientas que poco tenian ya que ver con los objetivos originales del Plan de San Luis y se parecian mas a una fragmentada guerra civil. Luis F. Seoane ofrece un analisis de este momento pivotal de la historia Mexicana y de los diferentes grupos y puntos de vista que lo conformaron.

Social history as a corrective to a historiography is often too limited to diplomacy and wars. It began an upward trajectory as early as the 1930s, but it remains constrained by the frustrating cost and availability of materials that even great research libraries lack. This volume is a case in point. Fraternal movements like Freemasonry have impacted society for hundreds of years. Yet, over time research into their undoubted influence has been handicapped by their codes of secrecy, arcane rituals, and the paucity of continuing tertiary research projects. As a step towards "more light" Westphalia Press has produced a number of scarce titles that will be helpful in understanding the "secret empire" of lodges, initiations, and (candidly) the deliberately inscrutable.

Dr. Lilian Welsh was a dynamic force behind the development of women's physical education facilities in the United States, using Goucher College as her pulpit. She was a tireless advocate for women's advancement in education, physical health and suffrage. She persuasively argued that all of that could be in in vain as women could only advance once granted the right to vote. She was outspoken about monitoring food quality, extending access to education, and awareness about hygiene and public health. Reminiscences of Thirty Years is an important document for understanding the development of suffrage and its impact, and a unique look at the life of a female physician during a tumultuous period. As the Professor of Hygiene and Health at Goucher College, located in Towson, Maryland, her papers are held in the Goucher College Special Collections Department.

Disaster Response offers research and insights from medical professionals and policy scholars to help improve interventions and reduce suffering when disasters occur, whether they result from natural or human made threats.

Wirt made headlines most recently in 2005, but for an unfortunate reason. Someone had broken into the Wirt Tomb, located in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington DC, and his skull was taken and later found in a tin box with gold letters announcing that it was the skull of "Hon. Wm. Wirt." According to reports, it was found as a part of a larger skull collection, anonymously sent to a city council member's office, and then confirmed by the Smithsonian Institution forensics team that it was indeed the skull of Wirt. It was never determined who stole the skull, or why there was an unaccounted infant's remains found in the disturbed family tomb. Prior to his adventures in the afterlife, Wirt was best known for his eloquent and witty prosecution of Aaron Burr in his trial for treason, but he also argued many other major cases, including Gibbons v. Ogden, McCulloch v. Maryland and two cases involving Native American rights: Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia. He was the Attorney General from 1817-1929, serving under James Monroe and John Quincy Adams. After stepping down as Attorney General, Wirt went on to be a Presidential Candidate in the 1832 election, having been nominated by the Anti-Masonic Party, despite himself being a Freemason. He practiced law his whole life, and was known for giving lyceum lectures and writing on a whole variety of topics, including law, female education, French relations and past presidencies.

Allan Fea (1860-1956) went to Grove Hall School, Highgate, became a researcher in the India Office Library and then Private Secretary to Field Marshal Lord Strathnairn before a career in the Bank of England, 1880-1900. His history of hiding places features many illustrations. The work focuses on English history and bolt holes of Catholic priests during the mid to late 1500s, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Her priority as ruler was establishing England as a Protestant country, which sent many Catholic clergy into hiding. Fea's work discusses long and short term hiding places, tunnels and other associated architectural curiosities. Many of these were only uncovered centuries later during renovation. A few unfortunately held bodies. Allan Fea wrote several books on English history, including King Monmouth, Being a History of the Career of James Scott, The Protestant Duke, 1649-1685; James II and His Wives, Some Beauties of the Seventeenth Century and The Flight of the King. He was a gifted artist and photographer. This new edition is dedicated to John Belton, who is both an antiquarian and a scholar.

Harrie Irving Hancock was born on January 16, 1868 in Massachusetts, passing away on March 12, 1922. Although he was a chemist, he is recognized more for his writing. He was a journalist for several years, working for the Boston Globe, and served as a war correspondent during the Spanish-American War. He specialized in juvenile writing, although he also wrote a bit about sports, and even a series of books about physical fitness. Typically, his stories featured adventures with male hero figures, sometimes set in the past, or often in military combat. He typically wrote under his name, though occasionally used a pseudonym. He is credited with writing dozens of books, along with numerous articles for newspapers and magazines. Hancock was enamored with Japanese fighting styles, such as Jiu-Jitsu, and not only wrote about it, he practiced the sport. Unfortunately, he was also guilty of using racial stereotypes in his works, particularly against Germans and Chinese characters, as the subtitle of his work illustrates.

Daniel Defoe has a very long history of readership. Thought to have been born on September 13, 1660 as Daniel Foe, he lived until April 24, 1731. He was many things, including a writer, trader, political thinker and spy. He wrote a great deal on politics, crime, economics and business, as well as many fiction books, including classics such as Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders. Tracing down Defoe's many works can be a challenge since he used dozens of pennames. He was often in business, but rarely solvent. He was fortunate to have married Mary Tuffley, receiving a large dowry, which temporarily bailed him out of financial straits. Together, the pair created eight children together. Life was difficult for Mary as Defoe often found himself in jail, and when not, he was often traveling throughout Europe. As the rule of England was in upheaval, Defoe's political pamphlets often tested the tempers of the rulers, and Defoe was often flung into prison or pressed into spying. If it wasn't political issues, Defoe was often in or hiding from debtors' prison. Claud Lovat Fraser was an English artist. He was born on May 15, 1890, and died at the young age of 31 on June 18, 1921. He served during World War I, and was injured by a gas attack which harmed his lungs. Due to the damage to his physical and mental health, he was discharged. He never stopped pursing his love of art, even drawing and painting while on the battlefield. After his discharge, Fraser married Grace Inez Crawford, and together they had a child. He worked for various stationary and bookshops making stationary designs, as well as theater companies. He died from a combination of illnesses and a failed operation.

Indian Politics and Policy aims to be the primary journal for studying contemporary Indian politics. We will consider submissions that analyze all aspects of Indian policies and political processes. We invite original work that demonstrates theoretical rigor, sound empirical research and policy relevance. We also welcome review articles, proposals for special issues and research forums on contemporary topics. Table of Contents: Editor's Introduction Sumit Ganguly doi: 10.18278/inpp.1.2.1 India's Ways of (Non-) War: Explaining New Delhi's Forbearance in the Face of Pakistani Provocations Devin T. Hagerty doi: 10.18278/inpp.1.2.2 Foreign Assistance in India's Foreign Policy: Political and Economic Determinants Eswaran Sridharan and Aashik Jain doi: 10.18278/inpp.1.2.3 Parameters of Successful Wastewater Reuse in Urban India, Kelly D. Alley, Nutan Maurya, and Sukanya Das doi: 10.18278/inpp.1.2.4 India's Search for Economic Prosperity and Global Power, Kanta Murali doi: 10.18278/inpp.1.2.5

Internet Learning Journal (ILJ) is a bi-annual, open access, double-blind peer-reviewed academic publication sponsored by The Policy Studies Organization (PSO) and American Public University System (APUS). Our title shows our focus and our ambition. Our multiple delivery platforms represent collective vision and models present day innovation. Our subject matter is the revolution that online learning has brought to the academy. Since the University of Bologna was founded in 1088, instruction was done face-to-face with the technologies of speaking and writing. The digital revolution has now offered an alternative to teaching, learning and scholarship. For the first time, we can look at classroom data, patterns of interaction and patterns of learning fixed in data points. The digital revolution threatens to change how students learn, teachers teach, education institutions manage data and how scholars disseminate this data. We hope to become a forum for the larger issues of data collection, assessment and online learning. We look forward to keeping the great conversation alive.

Modern Freemasonry emerged in Britain after 1700 as a prominent fixture in both British communal and social life. It combined earlier stonemason customs and methods of organization with the popular passion for clubs and societies. Some mocked Masonic lodges and their rituals, but they were an accepted feature on the social scene, given that they avoided political and religious discussion and swore loyalty to the existing regime. The French Revolution, however, caused a severe backlash against the masons in Britain and Europe. Despite its commitment to the establishment, Freemasonry came under suspicion. By the 1790s, lodges were viewed as convenient vehicles for radical groups to pursue covert revolutionary activities. As a result, legislation was passed which attempted to regulate these societies and eradicate any traces of secrecy. This book examines the structure, nature, and characteristics of Scottish Freemasonry in its wider British and European contexts between the years 1725 and 1810. The Enlightenment effectively crafted the modern mason and propelled Freemasonry into a new era marked by growing membership and the creation of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, with the institution becoming part of the contemporary fashion for associated activity. Dr. Mark C. Wallace is an Associate Professor of History at Lyon College. He teaches British and Scottish history, including British Imperialism, British cultural, social, and intellectual history from the fifteenth century to the present, and the Scottish Enlightenment. A former Visiting Research Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities at the University of Edinburgh, he has written extensively on Scottish Freemasonry and eighteenth-century Scottish clubs and societies.

UPDATED EDITION Ridiculed as "petticoat masonry," critics of the Order of the Eastern Star did not deter Rob Morris' goal to establish a Masonic organization that included women as members. As Rob Morris (1818-1888) came "into the light," he donned his Masonic apron and carried the ideals of Freemasonry through a despairing time of American history. His voluminous writing on Freemasonry and his ability to pen poems that celebrated occasions or honored the deceased earned him the title of Poet Laureate of Freemasonry in the 19th Century. An obscure figure in American history, Morris changed the world of Freemasonry making it one of the largest fraternal organizations in the world today. This book is a revised edition in the celebration of Rob Morris' 200th year birthday, born July 31, 1818. It is based on a collection of family letters about Rob Morris' journey in the world of Freemasonry that took him across the continents. In this revised edition, there are more letters, details about his literary contributions and images.

Arts & International Affairs interrogates the nexus between the arts, politics and markets through a global perspective. Situated within an international context, the arts encompass the performing, creative and visual industries that envelope the modes of expression in the global political economy. AIA's interdisciplinary style is imperative to capturing the intersections between people, their creations, their services and institutions. Artistic works often transcend borders and provoke local, national and transnational engagement. The new issue of Arts & International Affairs, themed "Arts & Cultural Institutions", covers the UN, biennales, cities, the NEA, and the British Council. AIA is an academic journal, but its focus on the arts distinguishes its website (theartsjournal.net) from other more traditional International Relations print publications. AIA is published three times a year.

F.W. Bain translated this work from the original Sanskrit, and offered this as an introduction, "The name of the little Indian gable, here presented to the lover of curiosities in an English dress, is ambiguous. We may translate it indifferently, either: The New Moon in the hair of the God of Gods, or else, She That Reduces the Pride of Gods, Demons, and all the Rest of Creation, that is the Goddess of Beauty and Fortune. To those unfamiliar with the peculiar genius of the Sanskrit language, it might seem singular, that two such different ideas should be expressible by the one and the same word. but it is just in this power of dexterous ambiguity that the beauty of that language lies." Francis William Bain was born on April 29, 1863 and lived until March 3, 1940. He enjoyed a wide variety of pursuits in his life, ranging from being an amateur footballer to serving as a professor of history in British India. Yet he considered himself primarily a writer, specializing in fantasy, which he claimed to have translated from Sanskrit. However, these works were not directly taken from Hindu manuscripts, but were rather a mixture of Orientalism and Bain's interest in fantasy. Although it was revealed that Bain was lying about the origins of such works as In the Great God's Hair, his readership was unaffected. However, it is important for readers of to know that the views that this work imparts on marriage, love, and religion, are largely those of Bain's and not a true reflection of Hinduism.

James A. Garfield (1831-1881) was the 20th President of the United States. His term was cut short when he was assassinated in 1881, the same year he took office. Many biographies highlight the difficult circumstances Garfield overcame to become the President. He was born in Ohio on a farm and grew up helping his widowed mother. He worked many jobs to support his family, and was able to attend Williams College, graduating in 1856. He became a member of the Ohio State Senate, running as a Republican. During the Civil War he served as a major general. He then enjoyed a successful Congressional career in Washington. He rose through the ranks to become the Republican Presidential nominee during the 1880 presidential election. It was close, with Garfield beating his Democratic opponent, Winfield Scott Hancock, with a narrow margin. During his brief term, he worked to end corruption in the Post Office, and pushed civil service reform in many ways, namely the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which eventually passed through by his successor, President Chester A. Arthur. Westphalia Press occupies the historic mansion in Washington DC of Harry Garfield, the president's son, longtime president of Williams, and is the repository of much Garfield memorabilia. This is a reprint edition with minor text imperfections.

Contents: From the Editor's Desk Felicia Campbell Into the Wild Paradox and the Merchandising Daniel Ferreras Savoye Sylvanas Windrunner of the World of Warcraft, Hillary Clinton, and the Rhetoric of Female Leadership Carol Poster A Supernatural Tale of Agency, Othering, and Oppression Tony Kemerly & Trisha Kemerly Essentialism and the Construction Gender and Race in Season 2 of Lifetime's UnREAL Seth Vanatta Children of the Grave: Visual Nuclear Rhetoric in Heavy Metal Music Heather Lusty Where Have All the Vampires Gone? An examination of Gothic horror in BBC's Luther Richard Logsdon "A Man Must Have a Code" A Contrast of Black and White Masculinity in The Wire Graeme Wilson The Trajectory of a Comic Celebrity's Career: Robin Williams Does Television Kathy Merlock Jackson The Blacksmith Todd Moffett Book Reviews Rediscovering the Pleasure Principle: Imaginology versus Critical Theory in Post-Trump Literary Studies Jarrett Keene Book Review of H. Peter Steeves' Beautiful, Bright, and Blinding: Phenomenological Aesthetics and the Life of Art Marc Armani Book Review of Retcon Game: Retroactive Continuity and the Hyperlinking of America by Andrew J. Friedenthal Amy Green Book Review of Understanding Larry McMurtry by Steven Frye Michael Velez Dynamic International Networks of Print Culture: Multi-Disciplinary Scholarship on Fiction and Empire Heather Lusty

Edith Bertha Ordway had a witty way with words. In this work, The Handbook of Conundrums, she offers hundreds of perplexing problems, puns, jokes and head-scratchers. Fans of bad jokes and surprising twists will enjoy this work. Ordway composed The Etiquette of Today (1913), The Opera Book (1915), Synonyms and Antonyms (1918).

Social history as a corrective to a historiography is often too limited to diplomacy and wars. It began an upward trajectory as early as the 1930s, but it remains constrained by the frustrating cost and availability of materials that even great research libraries lack. This volume is a case in point. Fraternal movements like Freemasonry have impacted society for hundreds of years. Yet, over time research into their undoubted influence has been handicapped by their codes of secrecy, arcane rituals, and the paucity of continuing tertiary research projects. As a step towards "more light" Westphalia Press has produced a number of scarce titles that will be helpful in understanding the "secret empire" of lodges, initiations, and (candidly) the deliberately inscrutable. Robert Burns was coronated the Poet Laureate of Freemasonry in a Scottish lodge ceremony and his Masonic odes are still today recited with gusto in lodge rooms. This new edition is dedicated to Robert Cooper, Grand Librarian of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and helpmate to many scholars.

Eugene Lyman Fisk, M.D. was a lifelong New Yorker born in Brooklyn in 1867. He attended New York University Medical College, where he graduated with distinction in 1888. Afterwards he remained in Brooklyn to practice medicine, subsequently becoming head of the medical division of various life insurance companies, including the Equitable Life Assurance Society, the Provident Savings Life Assurance Society of New York, and the Postal Life Assurance Company in 1910. During this time he was known for his strong advocacy of regular medical check-ups. At the time, many people avoided doctors, in fear of them being quacks, and as their cures sometimes proved worse than the pain. He also spoke out against smoking cigarettes, finding absolutely no evidence that it provided any benefit to the body, a popular delusion. He became known as one of the fathers of preventive medicine and was a fellow of the American Medical Association, and member of numerous societies, such as the American Public Health Association, the National Tuberculosis Association, American Eugenics Society, American Heart Association, New York Academy of Sciences, and American Economic Association. Surprisingly, in 1931 he died suddenly, while in Germany in 1931 to examine museum exhibits on public health, at the relatively early age of 64.