Bøger udgivet af Water Environment Federation

The Dynamics of Water Innovation is an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations driving the adoption of new technologies in the water sector, including entrepreneurs, investors, technology and innovation leaders, researchers, and academics. The global water crisis means there is an urgent need for the development, introduction, and scaling of water technologies all around the world. Historically the water sector has been perceived as slow to adopt innovation, but little research has been carried out to verify or explain this phenomenon. This book proposes a new water technology adoption (WaTA) model created for the unique circumstances of water sector innovation and drawn from existing cross-sector models. The WaTA model includes a practical set of criteria that can be applied in the real world to generate better-informed planning and decision-making for innovators and investors. It gives water innovators a practical and robust method to plan and track developments, which could have a significant impact on perceptions of the pace of change, market confidence, and future outcomes.

This Manual of Practice presents current design considerations for wastewater and stormwater pumping stations. It covers station capacity requirements and configuration, the selection and design of pumping equipment, piping system layout and hydraulic considerations, electrical and instrumentation systems design, and other station appurtenances. Intended for design professionals, it addresses design of stations of all sizes and highlights the differences between wastewater and stormwater stations.

This manual includes laboratory procedures most often performed in wastewater laboratories and includes general wet chemistry procedures, activated sludge process control tests, bacteriological testing, and special sections about basic laboratory techniques and proper use of spectrophotometers and colorimetry. Each method (procedure) is broken down into easy-to-follow, step-by-step directions that adhere to recommendations found in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater and approved U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Each method (procedure) includes a sample benchsheet. The intention of this publication is to help the operator- analyst produce analytical data that are defensible, precise, and accurate for process control and permit reporting. Special emphasis is placed on quality assurance and quality control. The introduction to each method includes a brief discussion of why the test is performed and how it can be used for process control. Most methods include typical ranges for the parameter associated with different types of treatment processes. This will help the operator- analyst determine the appropriateness of the collected samples.

The most comprehensive summary and literature review of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) on the market! BOD is one of the fundamental concepts in wastewater treatment. Throughout the 1800s and the 1900s, BOD was exhaustively studied and refined, both as a concept and as an analytical procedure. Review all previous BOD work--including why technicians, scientists, plant operators, regulators, and engineers have complained about the BOD test for many years. This book is intended to serve three purposes: first and foremost, is to describe BOD as a test procedure and biological phenomenon; secondly, to describe the place of BOD within the complex of testing that is used to evaluate treatment processes; lastly, is to present the development of BOD and preserve all peer-reviewed literature citations that mark the road to the current test. Chapters detailing sediment oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and total organic carbon testing and their relationship to BOD testing, as well as extensive coverage of the interferences encountered during oxygen demand testing makes this a must-have reference.

This 4th edition of Financing and Charges for Wastewater Systems provides an overview of current industry practices that should be considered for financing and establishing rates and charges for wastewater collection and treatment systems. In addition, this Manual of Practice reflects and is responsive to changes in the industry over the last decade that have occasioned a heightened awareness about wastewater utility financial management and the equitable distribution of cost responsibilities across customer groups or classes. These changes, including tightening environmental regulation and replacement of aging infrastructure, have resulted in a pronounced increase in the cost of wastewater services. At the same time, the portion of costs paid through federal and state assistance programs have declined, challenging the affordability of this vital service. In this context, guidance on wastewater rate-setting practices, and particularly the distribution of costs across user groups, is of critical importance. As individual wastewater utilities address their financial management challenges, it is important that their practices for setting rates and charges be responsive to the unique circumstances and values of the communities they serve. Accordingly, this manual offers industry-accepted guidance in addressing these challenges without prescribing specific methods. In many instances, acceptable methodological alternatives are presented. Financing and Charges for Wastewater Systems is structured to provide the reader with an overview of financing mechanisms for wastewater systems and a framework for development of wastewater rates and charges.

Wastewater Biology: The Microlife is a widely-used, essential reference for wastewater operators and engineers. This new edition explores the organisms that are considered the most important in the treatment of wastewater and disease transmission and provides you with the knowledge needed to regulate and control treatment processes properly. In addition to detailed information on bacteria, protozoa, rotifers, nematodes and other metazoan, filamentous organisms, pathogens, and parasites, it includes a discussion of the microscope and photomiscroscopy as well as other tools, equipment, and procedures that are necessary for examining, identifying and enumerating these life forms. Generously illustrated with a minimum of technical jargon, this is an easy-to-use guide to the biological aspects of wastewater treatment. Includes 13 color plates to assist in identifying the microlife.

Shortcut nitrogen removal, an emerging economical solution for water resource recovery facilities, refers to the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process whereby ammonia is not converted to nitrate, but instead stops at nitrite to shortcut the conventional nitrification/denitrification process. The resulting breakthrough single-step deammonification has significant advantages compared to conventional BNR processes, including reduced energy requirements, reduced carbon requirements, and reduced chemical costs.Shortcut Nitrogen Removal--Nitrite Shunt and Deammonification is an essential resource for facility owners and practitioners evaluating the implementation of these advancements, including guidelines for assessing the application of various technologies. This book will ensure that you are able to: understand the current research, identify best practices, andrecognize how implementing these emerging processes affects permit compliance, energy recovery, carbon usage, chemical addition, and solids production.

Developed in conjunction with the International Ultraviolet Association, Ultraviolet Disinfection for Wastewater: Low-Dose Application Guidance for Secondary and Tertiary Discharges serves as a guide for consultants, wastewater utilities, and operators and provides introductory information on the advantages (and disadvantages) of UV disinfection compared to other commonly used technologies. It also provides valuable information to regulatory agencies who review applications for the use of UV disinfection systems in water resource recovery facilities that are subject to discharge limits for bacteria under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting.Providing specific case study examples, UV Disinfection for Wastewater fills an existing gap in the design guidance that is available for UV disinfection for low-dose applications, which includes disinfection of secondary and tertiary wastewater effluent discharges to meet NPDES compliance.