Bøger udgivet af Walter de Gruyter

Issues in Japanese Psycholinguistics from Comparative Perspectives compiles over 30 state-of-the-art articles on Japanese psycholinguistics. It emphasizes the importance of using comparative perspectives when conducting psycholinguistic research. Psycholinguistic studies of Japanese have contributed greatly to the field from a cross-linguistic perspective. However, the target languages for comparison have been limited. Most research focuses on English and a few other typologically similar languages. As a result, many current theories of psycholinguistics fail to acknowledge the nature of ergative-absolutive and/or object-before-subject languages. The cross-linguistic approach is not the only method of comparison in psycholinguistics. Other prominent comparative aspects include comprehension vs. production, native speakers vs. second language learners, typical vs. aphasic language development. Many of these approaches are underrepresented in Japanese psycholinguistics. The studies reported in the volumes attempt to bridge these gaps. Using various experimental and/or computational methods, they address issues of the universality/diversity of the human language and the nature of the relationship between human cognitive modules. Volume 2, Interaction Between Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Factors, provides studies on the interaction between linguistic and non-linguistic factors.

Issues in Japanese Psycholinguistics from Comparative Perspectives compiles 31 state-of-the-art articles on Japanese psycholinguistics. It emphasizes the importance of using comparative perspectives when conducting psycholinguistic research. Psycholinguistic studies of Japanese have contributed greatly to the field from a cross-linguistic perspective. However, the target languages for comparison have been limited. Most research focuses on English and a few other typologically similar languages. As a result, many current theories of psycholinguistics fail to acknowledge the nature of ergative-absolutive and/or object-before-subject languages. The cross-linguistic approach is not the only method of comparison in psycholinguistics. Other prominent comparative aspects include comprehension vs. production, native speakers vs. second language learners, typical vs. aphasic language development. Many of these approaches are underrepresented in Japanese psycholinguistics. The studies reported in the volumes attempt to bridge these gaps. Using various experimental and/or computational methods, they address issues of the universality/diversity of the human language and the nature of the relationship between human cognitive modules. Volume 1, Cross-Linguistic Studies, compares Japanese and other languages, including well-studied languages such as English, as well as lesser-studied languages such as Kaqchikel.

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The concept of 'hybridity' is often still poorly theorized and problematically applied by peace and development scholars and researchers of resource governance. This book turns to a particular ethnographic reading of Michel Foucault's Governmentality and investigates its usefulness to study precisely those mechanisms, processes and practices that hybridity once promised to clarify. Claim-making to land and authority in a post-conflict environment is the empirical grist supporting this exploration of governmentality. Specifically in the periphery of Bukavu. This focus is relevant as urban land is increasingly becoming scarce in rapidly expanding cities of eastern Congo, primarily due to internal rural-to-urban migration as a result of regional insecurity. The governance of urban land is also important analytically as land governance and state authority in Africa are believed to be closely linked and co-evolve. An ethnographic reading of governmentality enables researchers to study hybridization without biasing analysis towards hierarchical dualities. Additionally, a better understanding of hybridization in the claim-making practices may contribute to improved government intervention and development assistance in Bukavu and elsewhere.

Modal verbs in English communicate delicate shades of meaning, there being a large range of verbs both on the necessity side (must, have to, should, ought to, need, need to) and the possibility side (can, may, could, might, be able to). They therefore constitute excellent test ground to apply and compare different methodologies that can lay bare the factors that drive the speaker's choice of modal verb. This book is not merely concerned with a purely grammatical description of the use of modal verbs, but aims at advancing our understanding of lexical and grammatical units in general and of linguistic methodologies to explore these. It thus involves a genuine effort to compare, assess and combine a variety of approaches. It complements the leading descriptive qualitative work on modal verbs by testing a diverse range of quantitative methods, while not ignoring qualitative issues pertaining to the semantics-pragmatics interface. Starting from a critical assessment of what constitutes the meaning of modal verbs, different types of empirical studies (usage-based, data-driven and experimental), drawing considerably on the same data sets, shows how method triangulation can contribute to an enhanced understanding. Due attention is also given to individual variation as well as the degree to which modals can predict L2 proficiency level.

Clefts are intricate objects which, starting with Jespersen (1937), have motivated much work in descriptive and formal linguistics. Nonetheless, almost a century later their exact internal structure and status are still widely debated, therefore a multidisciplinary volume on this theoretically complex structure across different languages of the world is greatly needed. The articles featured in this volume follow an in-depth Introduction written by the editors, in which we offer a survey of the state-of-the-art on clefts by way of a strong contextualisation to the volume, including a number of robust empirical observations on the morphosyntactic and interpretational properties of these structures in numerous standard and non-standard Romance varieties, as well as a critical presentation of the contributions included in the volume. Among other things, the ten selected articles propose new insights into the widely-reported interpretational asymmetry between subject and object clefts, the features involved in their derivation, the ways in which the low and high peripheries are variously exploited in the derivation, the morphosyntactic and interpretational differences between clefts and their non-cleft counterparts, the role and formal properties of the copula, the notion of sub-extraction of features, a reconsideration of the very notion of focus via clefting, and much more. The volume, written by renown experts, offers an in-depth overview of the structure of it-clefts, taking into account different and complementary fields of the study of linguistics (cartography, quantitative methods, experimental investigations, nanosyntax, typology and dialectology) and robust empirical data from numerous languages including Romance varieties, Hungarian, Mandarin Chinese, and two Spanish- and French-lexifier creoles. Our belief is that the synchrony of clefts will only be appropriately understood once diachronic, typological, historical, experimental and dialectological aspects are all brought together. We offer through this volume a first attempt at providing such a variegated picture of the cross-linguistic morphosyntax of it-clefts.

New quantitative methodology and the development of corpus and experimental linguistics tools have recently made researching lexical comprehension and production more accessible. While several tools and data sets are available in English (Coh-metrix, CELEX) and a few other languages, the development of resources and empirical research is still lacking in Spanish. This volume brings together original empirical research and theoretical perspectives that examine lexical development in Spanish L1, L2 and L3, with a focus on different teaching approaches and textbook coverage of Spanish lexicon in L2 curricula and the use of corpus linguistics in methodological investigations. Some questions addressed include the role of lexical development in mapping grammatical acquisition phases, the potential transfers of L1 to L2 lexical abilities, the effect of explicit vocabulary learning techniques in L2, how affective meaning modulates L2 acquisition, or how a typological understanding of lexical organization can help in teaching more effectively the lexicon of a language, among many others. The book offers an overview of what is currently being done in the field of Spanish lexical acquisition through a myriad of approaches and topics.

Azuma Old Japanese is an areal term for the two major dialects of Eastern ('Azuma') Japan during the eighth century: Eastern Old Japanese and Töpo-Suruga Old Japanese. This volume is an exhaustive, comparative reference grammar based on the linguistic data contained in the Man'yōshū poetic anthology (759 CE). It contains chapters dedicated to the different lexical categories, the lexicon, the phonology, and the historical development. This volume serves to fill the last remaining gap in English language scholarship on the grammar of premodern Japanese dialects, and significantly contributes to our understanding of the historical development of the earliest attested Japanese dialects. It also contains an extensive reconstruction of Proto-Japanese.

Histories of voice are often written as accounts of greatness: great statesmen, notable rebels, grands discours, and famous exceptional speakers and singers populate our shelves. This focus on the great and exceptional has not only led to disproportionate attention to a small subset of historical actors (powerful, white, western men and the occasional token woman), but also obscures the broad range of vocal practices that have informed, co-created and given meaning to human lives and interactions in the past. For most historical actors, life did not consist of grand public speeches, but of private conversations, intimate whispers, hot gossip or interminable quarrels.　 This volume suggests an extended practice of eavesdropping: rather than listening out for exceptional voices, it listens in on the more mundane aspects of vocality, including speech and song, but also less formalized shouts, hisses, noises and silences. Ranging from the Scottish highlands to China, from the bedroom to the platform, and from the 18th until the 20th century, contributions to this volume seek out spaces and moments that have been documented idiosyncratically or with difficulty, and where the voice and its sounds can be of particular salience. In doing so, the volume argues for a heightened attention to who speaks, and whose voices resound in history, but refuses to take the modern equation between speech and presence/representation for granted.　

Looking back at the "War on Terror" and its policies, actions, and the violence that followed, this book analyzes the resulting changes in international power structures and the relationship between citizens and their representatives. It defines our shortcomings in opposing this type of violence by demonstrating how the notion of legitimate violence has been broadened. The impact of the "War on Terror" on the public view of Liberalism is explored, as well as its effects on the role of state authorities in our lives. Thus, this book names the lessons we ought to learn from the actions taken against terrorist organizations.

Oswald von Wolkenstein (um 1377-1445) ist der herausragende deutschsprachige Dichter und Komponist der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts. Seine Texte, vielfach autobiographisch geprägt, und seine ein- und mehrstimmigen Melodien bieten ein einzigartiges Spektrum spätmittelalterlicher Liedkunst. Die vorliegende Ausgabe enthält eine umfangreiche, repräsentative Auswahl. Die Texte sind ausführlich kommentiert und in das heutige Deutsch übersetzt, beigegeben sind die von Oswald selbst komponierten oder adaptierten Melodien in moderner Umschrift. Die Auswahl richtet sich als Grundlagentext für die germanistische und musikwissenschaftliche Lehre an Studierende und an Forschende der Literatur-, Musik- und Geschichtswissenschaft ebenso wie an Praktiker der alten Musik.

Der Band nimmt die Orthographie aus den Blickwinkeln Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft in den Fokus und setzt folgende drei Schwerpunkte: Theorie und Empirie, Vermittlung orthographischen Wissens im Bildungsbereich und Orthographie im öffentlichen Raum.

This volume examines discussions surrounding the legitimacy of the Bundeswehr's deployments abroad by looking at 2,773 newspaper texts. The study analyzes the use and mentions of prototypical arguments and characterizes their discursive actors. It

Der Band versammelt zentrale Arbeiten von Susanne Günthner, die in ihrer thematischen Vielfalt stets Sprache in ihrem Sitz im Leben, der Interaktion und in ihrer Fülle an sozialen und kulturellen Funktionen betrachten. Die vorliegenden Beiträge spiegeln dabei die Bandbreite ihrer langjährigen Forschung wider, die von der Analyse grammatischer Strukturen interaktionaler Sprache - wie z.B. Projektorkonstruktionen oder Diskursmarker - über die Beschäftigung mit sprachlichen Mustern in kommunikativen Praktiken und Gattungen bis hin zu anthropologisch-linguistischen Perspektiven u.a. auf doing gender , auf die kommunikative Konstruktion von Kultur oder auf Aspekte medizinischer Kommunikation reicht.

Der Band nimmt literarische Konfigurationen in den Blick, die zwischen anthropologischer Perspektive, religiöser Funktion und ästhetischer Erfahrung stehen. Die 19 internationalen und interdisziplinären Beiträge erschließen das Neben- und Ineinander von Kulten und Künsten in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit, indem sie Fragerichtungen der (Kultur- und Sozial-)Anthropologie, der Religionssoziologie und der Poetologie überblenden. An vier "Schnittpunkten" eröffnen sie neue Lektüren vormoderner Literatur: "Religiöse Praxis zwischen sozialer Form und ästhetischer Gestaltung", "Poetologische Reflexion und rhetorische Figur - Narrative Konstruktionen von Augenscheinlichkeit, Wahrheit und Wahrscheinlichkeit in Text und Bild", "Intertextuelle und intermediale Transformationen - Diskurse, Figuren, Strukturen und Logiken" sowie "Individuum und Körper, Herrschaft und Gemeinschaft - Anthropologische Perspektiven". Der Schwerpunkt der Studien liegt in der germanistischen Mediävistik. Die Beiträge gehen dabei immer wieder über das spezifisch fachwissenschaftliche Interesse hinaus: so im interdisziplinären Anschluss an andere Philologien, die Geschichtswissenschaft und die Kunstgeschichte, im Aufgreifen europäischer Perspektiven und im Ausblick auf eine Geschichte der Rezeption. Im Fokus stehen dabei sowohl volkssprachliche als auch lateinische Werke.

Organic Chemistry: 25 Must-Know Classes of Organic Compounds covers the main organic compounds. It includes aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, halide, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur-containing compounds. It presents heterocyclic compounds and common organic mechanisms and describes carbonyl compounds, organic polymers and organic molecules with applications in medicinal chemistry.

Pädagogik als Bezeichnung für die praktische und theoretisch-wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit Erziehung und Bildung hat sich als Begriff und akademische Disziplin erst seit dem 18. Jahrhundert in Europa etabliert. Konzepte und Kategorien der Disziplin zeigen jedoch deutlich ihre rhetorische oder rhetorisch-philosophische Herkunft. Die Aufsätze des Handbuches behandeln die Stellung der Rhetorik in den unterschiedlichen Bildungssystemen zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten und widmen sich den sich stetig wandelnden didaktischen Konzepten der Rhetorikpädagogik von der Antike über Mittelalter und Neuzeit bis zu den Bildungsreformen des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts. Das Handbuch verfolgt das Ziel, das gegenwärtige pädagogische Handeln für die historische Perspektive zu öffnen. Es bietet Pädagogen wie Praktikern, Theoretikern wie Historikern einen profunden Überblick nach dem neuesten Stand der Forschung.

Das Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde trägt den Namen seines Begründers, des Anglisten und Naturwissenschaftlers Johannes Hoops. Zwischen 1972 und 2008 erschienen in zweiter, vollkommen veränderter Auflage 35 Bände sowie zwei Registerbände. Konzipiert als Handbuch, steht der Hoops in der Tradition umfangreicher Enzyklopädien: Ziel ist es, den gesamten Kenntnisstand zur Germanischen Altertumskunde umfassend und kritisch zu präsentieren. Sein interdisziplinärer Ansatz schließt Ergebnisse aus den Bereichen Kunstgeschichte, Rechtsgeschichte, Volkskunde und Religionswissenschaft mit ein.