Bøger udgivet af Springer Nature Switzerland

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the effective methods used in the criminal justice system in the United States to counsel and treat offenders. This new edition outlines innovative approaches to counselling and treatment that focus on recent developments that present new challenges to those practitioners engaged in counselling and treating of criminal and delinquent offenders.The volume is broken down into three sections:Correctional Counseling and Treatment: Past and PresentThe Diverse Roles of Counselors in Correctional TreatmentTreatment Methods Used in CorrectionsIn each section, the chapters address the role of legislation on the corrections process and how it impacts diverse populations of correctional facilities, including juvenile offenders; those with mental illness, addiction and substance abuse problems, or physical and mental disabilities; and homeless populations. Featuring interviews with correctional practitioners, discussion questions, case studies, and application tools, this volume is ideal for advanced undergraduate and early graduate-level students taking for courses in correctional treatment, correctional rehabilitation, or community corrections.

This book delves into tourist behavior and sustainable tourism, especially in the post-pandemic era. Amid the pandemic, Ukraine-Russia tensions, social shifts, geopolitical changes, and climate concerns, the tourism industry has witnessed significant shifts in travel patterns. The sector now grapples with newfound complexities driven by emerging tourism experiences, niche markets, and technology-driven services. Interestingly, these complexities have paved the way for more sustainable consumption patterns.Contributors in Volume I explore the tourism industry's enhanced resilience. The book suggests solutions across nine thematic areas aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In summary, it explores the evolving landscape of tourist behavior and its implications for tourism resilience in a rapidly changing world.

Previously dependent on Europe for scientific knowledge, the United States came into its own during the nineteenth century. A prime example of this is evident in the establishment of the Cincinnati Observatory, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Funded by the citizenry of that city, it was initiated, with ceremony, by the oration by former President John Quincy Adams, at the laying of the cornerstone in 1843.In this book, you will read about the Cincinnati Observatory's most notable contributions, big and small, that were made over the course of its years in existence. You will learn about the Observatory's role in primitive weather forecasting, star cataloging, and even advancements it helped to create during World War II. Now known as the Cincinnati Observatory Center, it is a functional observatory and a dedicated center of astronomy education for all ages. It continues to contribute a rich cultural and scientific history to its community and nation.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Workshop, CDMRI 2023, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2023, the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention. The conference took place in Vancouver, BC, Canada, on October 8, 2023.The 17regular papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 19 submissions. These contributions cover various aspects, including preprocessing, signal modeling, tractography, bundle segmentation, and clinical applications. Many of these studies employ novel machine learning implementations, highlighting the evolving landscape of techniques beyond the more traditional physics-based algorithms.

In the summer of 1928, Kurt Gödel (1906¿1978) embarked on his logical journey that would bring him world fame in a mere three years. By early 1929, he had solved an outstanding problem in logic, namely the question of the completeness of the axioms and rules of quantificational logic. He then went on to extend the result to the axiom system of arithmetic but found, instead of completeness, his famous incompleteness theorem that got published in 1931. It belongs to the most iconic achievements of 20th century science and has been instrumental in the development of theories of formal languages and algorithmic computability ¿ two essential components in the birth of the information society.This book explores Gödel¿s way from an exceptional high-school student to a firmly established young logician. Essays in Gödel¿s hand from the high school show that his central philosophical and scientific convictions were formed early on, before his university studies. Particular emphasis is laid on the course that made Gödel one of the foremost logicians of all times. The scientific biography of young Gödel is followed by English translations from Gödel¿s German Gabelsberger shorthand of all his early preserved notebooks on logic and related topics.

This book delves into tourist behavior and sustainable tourism, especially in the post-pandemic era. Amid the pandemic, Ukraine-Russia tensions, social shifts, geopolitical changes, and climate concerns, the tourism industry has witnessed significant shifts in travel patterns. The sector now grapples with newfound complexities driven by emerging tourism experiences, niche markets, and technology-driven services. Interestingly, these complexities have paved the way for more sustainable consumption patterns.Contributors in Volume II, explore sustainable development with topics such as environmental and economic sustainability, as well as governance and ethics covered. Taken together, these collections propose solutions in nine thematic areas that are relevant to the UN Sustainable Development G

This book focuses on OLAF, the European Union¿s anti-fraud office, and examines the role of and challenges concerning fundamental rights in OLAF¿s composite enforcement procedure. The mission of OLAF (Office Européen de Lutte Antifraude) is to fight fraud, corruption and any other illegal activities that affect the financial interests of the European Union. To this end, OLAF carries out administrative investigations, in which it gathers evidence itself, and coordination cases, in which it coordinates the Member States¿ investigations. OLAF¿s investigation and coordination efforts are conceived of as mere derivatives of other more traditional forms of law enforcement cooperation in which authorities enter into obligations to cooperate with one another, but in which each acts to fulfill these obligations within its own separately identifiable legal order and on the basis of its own law. This system, in its most conventional form, is founded on the notion of territorial sovereignty.If we extend the logic of this approach from enforcement (the ¿sword¿) to fundamental rights (the ¿shield¿), issues in relation to the latter ¿ and the accompanying responsibility to prevent and/or remedy them ¿ can arise only in individual (sovereign) legal orders. The way in which we view OLAF, as an evolved cognate of traditional forms of law enforcement cooperation, therefore directly dictates which fundamental rights issues enter into the equation, and in which manner.This book proposes an innovative way of looking at OLAF, which we refer to as ¿composite enforcement procedures.¿ In this type of procedure, responsibilities for the entirety of enforcement are attributed to inextricably interlinked European Union and Member State legal orders. If we observe OLAF through this new lens, fundamental rights issues that would otherwise go unnoticed come to the forefront. These are issues that arise not in individual legal orders, but rather between or among theEuropean Union and the Member States. This book addresses these fundamental rights challenges and makes concrete recommendations on how they can be addressed and resolved.

This book evaluates how the legal, institutional and policy frameworks for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the United States, South Africa and Kenya have addressed the current needs and challenges involved in these systems¿ operation and integration into regulatory frameworks for civil aviation. It shows how the three states have developed their own constitutional frameworks, legislation, regulations, policies and strategic plans to address the challenges that emanate from integrating UAS into the civil aviation airspace.The book details the three countries¿ integration experiences, investigating the extent to which existing international regulatory frameworks address the various concerns, and identifies the common thread that runs through UAS regulation, as well as each country¿s unique issues and path to integration. Recognizing that the approach for integration of UAS into civil aviation needs to be gradual and pragmatic, the book recommends scalingup institutional capacity, coordination and funding, and intensifying regional efforts to redefine and support UAS integration.

This book gathers original peer-reviewed papers reporting on innovative methods and tools in design, modeling, simulation and optimization, and their applications in engineering design, manufacturing, and other relevant industrial sectors. Based on contributions to the Third International Conference on Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering, ADM 2023, held on September 6¿8, 2023, in Florence, Italy, and organized by the Italian Association of Design Methods and Tools for Industrial Engineering, and the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Florence, this first volume of a 2-volume set focuses on advances in design for additive manufacturing, engineering methods in medicine, user-centred design, and industrial design and ergonomics. Further topics include design for sustainability, engineering education, experimental methods for product development, and advanced methods for product and process design. This book provides academicsand professionals with a timely overview and extensive information on trends and technologies in industrial design and manufacturing.

This collection presents papers from the 153rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

This collection covers innovations in the field of composite materials with a specific focus on eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable systems. All composite fields are explored, including polymer, metal, and ceramic matrix composites with an emphasis on sourcing raw materials in a sustainable way as well as the development of composite materials for environmental sustainability. Topics will include the development of new materials for structural applications, reduction in energy consumption, and increased component life along with discussions of novel methods to reuse existing materials. Additional topics include, but are not limited to:· Naturally Sourced Materials feedstock· Recycled Material feedstock, · Application of composite for reduced carbon footprint · Development of novel materials to repurpose waste from other areas

The book covers in particular state-of-the-art scientific research about product quality control and related health and environmental safety topics, including human, animal and plant safety assurance issues. These conference proceedings provide contemporary information on the general theoretical, metrological and practical issues of the production and application of reference materials.Reference materials play an integral role in physical, chemical and related type of measurements, ensuring their uniformity, comparability and the validity of quantitative analysis as well as, as a result, the objectivity of decisions concerning the elimination of technical barriers in commercial and economic, scientific and technical and other spheres of cooperation. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the field of chemistry, metrologists, technical physics, as well as for specialists in analytical laboratories, or working for companies and organizations involved in the production, distribution and use of reference materials.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First EAI International Conference, SmartSP 2023, held in Chicago, USA, during October 12-13, 2023. The 11 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. The papers focus on all details all technological aspects that are relevant to Security and privacy in cyber-physical systems.

This book covers thermal stresses in plates and shells, offering a cutting-edge exploration of this critical field. Tailored for a diverse audience, including graduate and postgraduate students, dedicated researchers, and scientists in both industrial and government sectors, as well as engineers specializing in mechanical, aerospace, and civil engineering. The book unfolds over eight meticulously crafted chapters, providing a detailed examination of thermal stresses in rectangular and circular plates, along with an array of shell geometries. Circular cylindrical, spherical, conical, and shells of revolution undergo rigorous analysis under various load conditions. A focal point of the text lies in the exhaustive treatment of tensor analysis within a curvilinear coordinate system. This framework lays the foundation for the derivation of precise strain-displacement relations for an array of shell configurations. The book further elucidates the transformation of Codazzi and Gauss conditions from surface continuity to compatibility conditions within elasticity theory. Chapter 5 introduces analytical solutions for diverse thermal loads affecting cylindrical, spherical, and conical shells. Chapters 6 and 7 delve into the intricate domain of coupled thermoelasticity, particularly in plates and shells subjected to shock loads. The book culminates in Chapter 8, where the intriguing phenomenon of thermal-induced vibrations in plates and shells takes center stage. With a commitment to accessibility, this self-contained volume presents mathematical concepts and numerical methods in an approachable manner, ensuring ease of comprehension for the reader. However, a foundational understanding of classical mathematics, mechanics, and elasticity theory is recommended for optimal engagement.

This book discusses the applications of nanotechnology in clinical microbiology, food microbiology, and green solutions of nanoparticles using microorganisms for a range of benefits. It describes nanotechnology¿s rapid progress in the development of materials used in industry, medicine, drug delivery, and dentistry. The authors further explore how microbiology and nanotechnology separately have proven to be effective for human health solutions keeping an ecological and environmental balance. Domains covered include environmental microbiology, medical microbiology, food microbiology (to control food spoilage), biosynthesis of nanomaterials using microorganisms, water microbiology, nanofluidic devices for isolation and analysis of individual biomolecules such as DNA that can lead to a new detection scheme for cancer, and various fields such as pharmacy, clinical research, agriculture etc. This book will be essential reading to a wide range of scholars and researchers interestedin microbiology along with nanotechnology applications for efficient solutions to cancer detection, biosensors, vaccines research, agriculture, wastewater management etc.

This book showcases Nigerian and South African experiences on space politics, policy and strategy vis-à-vis their development and security aspirations, while contributing to the broader African and the Global-South perspectives on the subject. Space policy in developing countries such as Nigeria and South Africa is motivated by utilitarian promises that space and the attendant technologies have the potential to advance development and security interests of the affected nations. However, several decades into the orbital journey of these countries, little is known of their space politics, policies, strategies, capacities and capabilities, and realisation of desired objectives. Beyond pure and applied sciences reductionism, this book offers social science perspectives on space studies in Africa, as it examines the intricate relationships of historical, geographical, social, demographic, economic, political, administrative, and strategic factors, nationally, regionally and globally thathave shaped research and development of space science and technologies, and their benefits, in Nigeria and South Africa.

This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the First International Conference, ICCSST 2023, held in Bangalore, India, during May 8¿9, 2023.The 39 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 200 submissions. They focus on artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, cloud computing, cyber security, data science, e-commerce, computer architecture, image and video processing, pandemic preparedness and digital technology, pattern recognition and classification.

This book presents the experimental development of an information-powered engine inspired by the famous thought experiment, Maxwell¿s demon, to understand its potential to produce energy for practical purposes. The development of an engine based on Maxwell¿s demon was for a long time inconceivable, but technological advances have led to novel investigations into theoretical and practical applications. The built information engine consists of a micron-sized glass bead trapped in a tightly focused laser beam. It rectifies the bead's Brownian motion by controlling the laser's position and generates a unidirectional motion against gravity without doing any work, thus converting thermal heat into stored gravitational potential energy. A theoretical model based on a spring-mass system describes the engine's dynamics and was then used to find optimum parameters to improve the engine's performance. Experimentally implementing these optimization strategies led to engine output powers comparable to those measured in biological motors. This book also highlights performance improvements made in the presence of measurement noise and presents important guiding principles to design information engines to operate in non-equilibrium environments. By focusing on practical applications, the book overall aims to broaden the scope of information-engine investigations.

This edited collection articulates a future direction for research at the nexus of criminology and human rights by bringing together experts from different branches of criminology and criminal justice who, while they may be sceptical about certain aspects of human rights theory or practice, share an interest in realising many of the objectives set out in human rights instruments. It argues that critical criminological research has a significant role to play in identifying whether state and state-corporate power is exercised in ways that align with human rights law and principles, although the discipline has been slow to advance this agenda. This book covers a wide array of topics and seeks to develop critical human rights approaches within criminology and criminal justice.Chapter 1 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com

This is a comprehensive two-volumes text on plane and space geometry, transformations and conics, using a synthetic approach. The first volume focuses on Euclidean Geometry of the plane, and the second volume on Circle measurement, Transformations, Space geometry, Conics.The book is based on lecture notes from more than 30 courses which have been taught over the last 25 years. Using a synthetic approach, it discusses topics in Euclidean geometry ranging from the elementary (axioms and their first consequences), to the complex (the famous theorems of Pappus, Ptolemy, Euler, Steiner, Fermat, Morley, etc.). Through its coverage of a wealth of general and specialized subjects, it provides a comprehensive account of the theory, with chapters devoted to basic properties of simple planar and spatial shapes, transformations of the plane and space, and conic sections. As a result of repeated exposure of the material to students, it answers many frequently asked questions. Particular attention has been given to the didactic method; the text is accompanied by a plethora of figures (more than 2000) and exercises (more than 1400), most of them with solutions or expanded hints. Each chapter also includes numerous references to alternative approaches and specialized literature. The book is mainly addressed to students in mathematics, physics, engineering, school teachers in these areas, as well as, amateurs and lovers of geometry. Offering a sound and self-sufficient basis for the study of any possible problem in Euclidean geometry, the book can be used to support lectures to the most advanced level, or for self-study.

This book deals with the citizenship status of the Biharis in Bangladesh and their ability to access rights associated with citizenship. The main argument of the book is that although legally the Biharis are citizens of Bangladesh, they still do not have access to many important rights of citizenship that can make their citizenship meaningful. Their inability to access many important citizenship rights made them de facto stateless, although they are de-jure citizens. Taking a law and society approach this book examines both legal and non-legal factors behind the deplorable conditions of the Biharis in Bangladesh. Based on fieldwork, this book analyses that the Biharis¿ inability to access citizenship rights is inconsistent with citizenship theory, citizenship laws, and the Constitution of Bangladesh. To make the Biharis citizenship effective or meaningful the author suggests some recommendations for policy changes that would enable Biharis to access rights associated with citizenship.

This book will address bias head on, recognising that we cannot completely eliminate bias as it is intricately woven into the way our human brain functions, but we can certainly make efforts to become more aware of our biases, work hard to block them and most importantly minimise its impact on our organisations and the people working in them. This book aims to provide leaders with the skills and tools needed to lead through this bias. The chapters of the book - Leading with conviction, Leading with clarity, Leading with accountability, Leading with allyship and Leading with strength - focus on the five essential skills needed to block bias to nurture diversity, equity and inclusion at work.

The monograph is devoted to the construction of the high-order finite difference and finite element methods for numerical solving multidimensional boundary-value problems (BVPs) for different partial differential equations, in particular, linear Helmholtz and wave equations, nonlinear Burgers¿ equations, and elliptic (Schrödinger) equation. Despite of a long history especially in development of the theoretical background of these methods there are open questions in their constructive implementation in numerical solving the multidimensional BVPs having additional requirement on physical parameters or desirable properties of its approximate solutions. Over the last two decades many papers on this topics have been published, in which new constructive approaches to numerically solving the multidimensional BVPs were proposed, and its highly desirable to systematically collect these results. This motivate us to write thus monograph based on our research results obtainedin collaboration with the co-authors. Since the topic is importance we believe that this book will be useful to readers, graduate students and researchers interested in the field of computational physics, applied mathematics, numerical analysis and applied sciences

This volume is an empirical study examining the extent to which historic and iconic architecture and spaces in Zimbabwe - particularly in urban areas - have been mobilized to construct and reconstruct identities. The author explores the question of traditional and political architecture through analysis of a variety of structures, including monuments, museums, and indigenous and state buildings. Special attention is paid to the soapstone-carved Zimbabwe Bird, which for years has served as the national emblem. Overall, this book argues that while the production and use of architectural products and spaces have been regarded symbols of collective identity, they have also served as expressions of power and control.

The scientific theme of the book is ¿Sustainability for the digital manufacturing erä which is focused on how the technological enablers of digital systems drive the sustainability for products, processes, manufacturing, and logistics systems in the industry of the future. The book¿s chapters describe sustainability drivers specific to the technological advances that motivate, encourage, and engage the economic, social, and environmental aspects within intelligent manufacturing and logistics systems. The novelty of this approach consists in extending the economic sustainability of digital manufacturing with the ethical perspective at human social scale. The general scope of the book is to foster innovation in smart and sustainable manufacturing and logistics systems and in this context to promote concepts, methods, and solutions for the digital transformation of manufacturing through service orientation in holonic and agent-based control with distributed intelligence. The book¿s readership is comprised of researchers and engineers working in the value chain of products and processes, who develop digital control solutions in the ¿Industry of the Future¿ vision. The book is also addressed to master¿s and Ph.D. students enrolled in Engineering Sciences programs.

This double volume set LNCS 14393-14394 constitutes the proceedings from the workshops held at the 26th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2023 Workshops, which took place in Vancouver, BC, Canada, in October 2023. The 54 full papers together with 14 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 123 submissions from all workshops.The papers of the workshops are presenting the topical sections: Eighth International Skin Imaging Collaboration Workshop (ISIC 2023) First Clinically-Oriented and Responsible AI for Medical Data Analysis (Care-AI 2023) Workshop First International Workshop on Foundation Models for Medical Artificial General Intelligence (MedAGI 2023) Fourth Workshop on Distributed, Collaborative and Federated Learning (DeCaF 2023) First MICCAI Workshop on Time-Series Data Analytics and Learning First MICCAI Workshop on Lesion Evaluation and Assessment with Follow-Up (LEAF) AI For Treatment Response Assessment and predicTion Workshop (AI4Treat 2023) Fourth International Workshop on Multiscale Multimodal Medical Imaging (MMMI 2023) Second International Workshop on Resource-Effcient Medical Multimodal Medical Imaging Image Analysis (REMIA 2023)

The Magnesium Technology Symposium at the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition is one of the largest yearly gatherings of magnesium specialists in the world. Papers represent all aspects of the field, ranging from primary production to applications and recycling. Moreover, papers explore everything from basic research findings to industrialization. Magnesium Technology 2024 is a definitive reference that covers a broad spectrum of current topics, including novel extraction techniques; primary production; alloys and their production; integrated computational materials engineering; thermodynamics and kinetics; plasticity mechanisms; cast products and processing; wrought products and processing; forming, joining, and machining; corrosion and surface finishing; fatigue and fracture; dynamic response; structural applications; degradation and biomedical applications; emerging applications; additive manufacturing of powders; and recycling, ecological issues, and life cycle analysis.

In recent decades, twistor theory has grown into an irreplaceable tool for the study of scattering amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity. This book introduces the reader to cutting-edge advances in twistor theory and its applications to general relativity. The problem of graviton scattering in four dimensions is shown to be dual to dramatically simpler computations in a two-dimensional CFT known as a twistor sigma model. Twistor sigma models are the first step toward a holographic description of gravity in asymptotically flat space-times. They underpin the infinitely many asymptotic symmetries of flat space physics discovered in celestial holography, and extend them to exciting new arenas like curved space-times. They also yield intrinsically mathematical results in the field of hyperkähler manifolds. This volume will be of broad interest to students and researchers looking for an accessible entry point into twistor geometry, scattering amplitudes, and celestial holography. It will also provide an invaluable reference for specialists by bringing together results from a host of different disciplines.

This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals from primary and secondary materials and residues as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. The collection covers the extraction of less common or minor metals including elements such as antimony, bismuth, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, chromium, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, manganese, molybdenum, platinum group metals, rare earth metals, rhenium, scandium, selenium, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, and tungsten. It also includes rare metals of low-tonnage sales compared to high-tonnage metals (iron, copper, nickel, lead, tin, zinc, or light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, or titanium and electronic metalloid silicon). Rare metal processing covers bio-metallurgy, hydro-metallurgy, and electro-metallurgy while novel high-temperature processes such as microwave heating, solar-thermal reaction synthesis, and cold crucible synthesis of rare metals are also addressed. Also included in this collection is the design of extraction equipment used in these processes from suppliers as well as laboratory and pilot plant studies.

The collection focuses on the advancements of characterization of minerals, metals, and materials and the applications of characterization results on the processing of these materials. Advanced characterization methods, techniques, and new instruments are emphasized. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to:· Extraction and processing of various types of minerals, process-structure-property relationship of metal alloys, glasses, ceramics, polymers, composites, semiconductors, and carbon using functional and structural materials.· Novel methods and techniques for characterizing materials across a spectrum of systems and processes. · Characterization of mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, dielectric, magnetic, physical, and other properties of materials. · Characterization of structural, morphological,and topographical natures of materials at micro- and nano- scales. · Characterization of extraction and processing including process development and analysis. · Advances in instrument developments for microstructure analysis and performance evaluation of materials, such as computer tomography (CT), X-ray and neutron diffraction, electron microscopy (SEM, FIB, TEM), and spectroscopy (EDS, WDS, EBSD) techniques. · 2D and 3D modelling for materials characterization.