Bøger udgivet af Springer International Publishing

T¿his book critically explores how and to what extent artificial intelligence (AI) can infringe human rights and/or lead to socially harmful consequences and how to avoid these. The European Union has outlined how it will use big data, machine learning, and AI to tackle a number of inherently social problems, including poverty, climate change, social inequality and criminality. The contributors of this book argue that the developments in AI must take place in an appropriate legal and ethical framework and they make recommendations to ensure that harm and human rights violations are avoided. The book is split into two parts: the first addresses human rights violations and harms that may occur in relation to AI in different domains (e.g. border control, surveillance, facial recognition) and the second part offers recommendations to address these issues. It draws on interdisciplinary research and speaks to policy-makers and criminologists, sociologists, scholars in STS studies, security studies scholars and legal scholars.

This atlas is the first reference covering exclusively all aspects of sciatic pain. It is designed to serve as a brief and easy-to-comprehend review of the knowledge of spinal sciatica, with emphasis on classification, epidemiology, clinical presentations, neuroimaging, and treatment options. Sections on extraspinal sciatica and differential diagnosis of this multifaceted topic are also included. This atlas delivers more information in less space than traditional texts, allowing for a quick review of the essential facts of this clinical entity through plentiful images and tables. Pertinent imaging is combined with intraoperative photographs and hand-drawn illustrations to help readers visualize variable presentations and enhance their management. The comprehensive content of this richly-illustrated book covers different etiologies of sciatic pain seen in spinal, neurosurgical, neurologic, rheumatologic and emergency practices, divided into five thematic sections. After general considerations about sciatica and their differential diagnosis, the second section focuses on lumbosacral discogenic sciatica. The third section includes spinal non-discogenic sciatica. The fourth section focuses on extraspinal intrapelvic sciatica, and the fifth provides a description of the most important etiologies of extraspinal extrapelvic sciatica. Comprehensive and unique, Atlas of Sciatica is an excellent pictorial resource for neurosurgeons, spinal surgeons, neurologists, rheumatologists, and many other clinicians worldwide. It is a ¿one of a kind¿ book that stands head and shoulders above any other book on this subject (from the foreword of Professor Edward C. Benzel, MD, Founder of the World Spinal Column Society).

This comprehensive book focuses on various aspects of artificial intelligence in dentistry, assisting dentists, specialists, and scientists in advancing their understanding, knowledge, training, and expertise in this field of artificial intelligence.Readers will learn about AI-supported pathways for the diagnosis and treatment of dental caries, periodontal bone loss, impacted teeth, periapical lesions, crown, and root fractures, working length determination, and detecting root and canal morphology, TMJ disorders, detection of obstructive sleep apnea, oral mucosal lesions, and many more. Prediction tasks include the estimation of retreatment needs and third molar eruption. Critical information on applications of AI in the field of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Implants, Endodontics, Prosthodontics, Restorative dentistry, Oral surgery, Periodontics, and Orthodontics.Gain valuable insight into studies applying machine learning based on Machine Learning (ML), DeepLearning (DL), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Explore the technical aspects and medical applications of AI in dentistry. Additionally, discover cutting-edge topics like 3D and bioprinting applications of AI and its integration into dental education.All the chapters provide thorough, evidence-based data on AI and its implications in oral health, bridging the gap between knowledge and practical application. The book explains the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of AI in dental health. Delve into the medico-legal aspects of AI to navigate this cutting-edge landscape responsibly. Learn about applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Extensive information on deep learning in image processing, including various types of neural networks, image segmentation, enhancement, reconstruction, and registration.This book concludes with an exploration of AI's exciting potential and future perspectives in the dental field, paving the way for a new era of oral healthcare. Don't miss out on this unique resource for AI in Dentistry, which empowers you to stay at the forefront of innovation and embrace the AI revolution in Dentistry. Be prepared for the future of dentistry.

¿Vehicle Vibrations: Linear and Nonlinear Analysis, Optimization, and Design is a self-contained textbook that offers complete coverage of vehicle vibration topics from basic to advanced levels. Written and designed to be used for automotive and mechanical engineering courses related to vehicles, the text provides students, automotive engineers, and research scientists with a solid understanding of the principles and application of vehicle vibrations from an applied viewpoint. Coverage includes everything you need to know to analyze and optimize a vehicle¿s vibration, including vehicle vibration components, vehicle vibration analysis, flat ride vibration, tire-road separations, and smart suspensions.

This book evaluates the contributions of the electronic control unit software of an electric vehicle on sustainability and society, such as the reduction of emissions during a product design and the improvements in the vehicle.A sustainable transport model is proposed, demonstrating its economic viability. By validating software in a more efficient way and adding new functionalities to the software to enhance driving efficiency, energy consumption can be significantly reduced. Therefore, software validation and development have a significant impact on sustainability. This book offers innovative validation solutions based on artificial intelligence techniques to reduce validation time and emissions.The impact of driving efficiency on sustainable transport models is studied in detail, making proposals to be considered in the current environmental policies under discussion within the European Union in order to improve the sustainability of transport models.Vehicles are becoming sophisticated electronic systems due to the fact that they are integrating a significant number of electronic control units. This trend will certainly continue in the year to come. Consequently, software validation techniques are a key element for car manufacturers in order to ensure the quality of the vehicle. This book contributes to these efforts.

This volume provides a comprehensive understanding and assessment of language policy in education in Morocco. All aspects related to language policy and the effect on the education sector for more than half a century in Morocco are included in the book. The book traces the role that the linguistic medium has played in the educational system in Morocco since its independence from the French in 1956. It examines the role that various language policies have played in the educational sector and provides an in-depth analysis of the most recent language policy recognizing Berber, making it an official language and a mandatory subject in all schools. As such, this book is on the cutting edge of language policy as it also examines a policy that is still being rolled out.It also addresses the role of political pressure, and social and political conflict on language policy in Morocco, and how the linguistic medium has failed to guarantee the basic goals of equity, equality and social justice that assure a decent future for every citizen.

Visual Rhetorics of Communist Romania: Life under the Totalitarian Gaze offers personal accounts and theoretical insight into the Cold War era when little information about life beyond the Iron Curtain could transpire to the West. Adriana Cordali develops a unique visual rhetorical theory for analyzing communist totalitarian propaganda and the resistance to it, and reveals the deliberate, strategic in/visibilities the rhetoric of power engaged in. Building upon the local history, ideology, and politics of the regime imposed after WWII, she identifies propagandäs rhetorical features, visual tropes, and symbols and examines striking photographs and print materials from Ceau¿escu¿s regime (1966-1989) and the time of regime change (1989-1990), as well as an award-winning Romanian film that depicts women¿s life at the time. Converging visual rhetoric and culture with history and politics, Visual Rhetorics of Communist Romania is a first book of this kind and will interestreaders of rhetoric and communication, visual rhetoric, and political discourse in the region.

This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the links between migration and remittances. The role of remittances in influencing migration decision is explored in relation to economic development, education, the labour market, and social factors. The impact of remittances on migration is examined from a global perspective, with a focus on both specific countries and larger regions, such as the European Union and the former Soviet states. The challenges in managing migration flows are also discussed, alongside the impact of COVID-19 on migration, and policy suggestions are made for the efficient management of labour migration.This book aims to offer a comparative analysis of the impact of remittances resulting from labour migration and foreign direct investment on the economic growth. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in labour and migration economics.

This book will provide a comprehensive discussion of groundwater sustainability, including what it is, how its definition has changed over time, why traditional assessments of it are wrong, how assessments of it are ideally multidisciplinary efforts recognizing that policy is more controlling of outcomes than science, and why achieving it is difficult once pumping exceeds sustainable levels of pumping. The book will provide a nontechnical background of hydrogeology relevant to groundwater sustainability and present several case studies from around the United States and the world. The book has been designed to appeal to academics, students, and practitioners. Academics, particularly those just getting into the subject, will find the book a useful entry in terms of management concepts and political realities of attempting to achieve groundwater sustainability. It will also be useful to academics in that the book will include discussions on the history and development of groundwater sustainability and the practical aspects of aspiring to and achieving sustainable production. Although not a textbook, the book could be used as the basis for teaching a course or as a supplement to a hydrogeology or groundwater management class. Accordingly, the book will include questions and additional reading materials at the end of each chapter. This book will also be useful to practitioners through non-technical explanations of the sciences, discussions of the nuances of defining sustainability in aquifers, and the presentation of case studies where sustainable management has failed and succeeded.

This book explores and addresses body search practices in prison environments from different angles (criminology, sociology, human rights and law) and discusses such practices in different national contexts within Europe. Body searches are widely used in prison systems across the globe: they are perceived as indispensable to prevent forbidden substances, weapons or communication devices from entering the prison. However, these are also invasive and potentially degrading control techniques. It should not come as a surprise, then, that body searches are deeply contested security measures and that they have been widely debated and regulated. What makes theses control measures problematic in a prison context? How do these practices come to be regulated in an international and European context? How are rules translated into national law? To what extent are laws and rules respected, bent, circumvented and denied? And what does the future hold for body searches?

This book focuses on the example of surrogate motherhood to explore the interplay between new reproductive technologies and new ethnographic writing technologies. It seeks to interrogate the potential of fictional multimodality in ethnography and to illuminate the generative possibilities of digital artefacts in anthropological research. It also makes a case for the tailor-made character of ethnographic writing in the digital era, arguing that research quests and representational modalities can be paired together to develop unique narrative forms, corresponding to each particular topic¿s traits and analytical affordances. Focusing on the intersections of assisted reproduction technologies and digitally mediated writing, this study casts light upon the value of the affective, the fictional and the ¿real¿ in the anthropological research and writing of relatedness. Analyzing the situated knowledge of ethnographers and research interlocutors, it experiments with multimodalstorytelling and revisits the century-long debate on the affinity between an object of study and the possibilities for its representation. As the first attempt to bring together digital anthropology, fiction writing and the ethnography of surrogacy, this book fuses the genealogy of feminist critique on the orthodox, phallocentric, and heteronormative aspects of academic discourse with the input of digital humanities vis-à-vis troubling the conventional formal properties of scholarly writing.

This edited collection brings together scholars and practitioners in every chapter to provide a comprehensive and unique exploration of courts in Australia. The primary focus is to identify controversies, challenges and change, in the form of potential reforms within the courts across Australian jurisdictions. Bringing forward original research and scholarship on a wide array of courts in Australia, combined with insightful practitioner perspectives, research will be effectively integrated with practice. This book is the first comprehensive collection of its kind to canvas the diversity of courts in Australia, providing comprehensive critical analysis of contemporary issues, debates and reforms. It considers the array of courts across state, territory and national jurisdictions in Australia, including coroners¿ courts, family courts, criminal, civil courts and problem solving courts. It also adopts an intersectional approach, providing insights into the perspectives of various court users such as people with disability, ethnic minorities, Indigenous Australians, and victims of crime. Each chapter provides opportunities for further debate among scholars, practitioners and students regarding potential future directions for reform to improve the efficacy, equity and accessibility of Australian courts.This collection serves as an international ready reference for students, scholars and practitioners alike.

This book offers an overview of the field of continuous biometric authentication systems, which capture and continuously authenticate biometrics from user devices. This book first covers the traditional methods of user authentication and discusses how such techniques have become cumbersome in the world of mobile devices and short usage sessions. The concept of continuous biometric authentication systems is introduced and their construction is discussed. The different biometrics that these systems may utilise (e.g.: touchscreen-gesture interactions) are described and relevant studies surveyed. It also surveys important considerations and challenges.This book brings together a wide variety of key motivations, components and advantages of continuous biometric authentication systems. The overview is kept high level, so as not to limit the scope to any single device, biometric trait, use-case, or scenario. Therefore, the contents of this book are applicable todevices ranging from smartphones to desktop computers, utilising biometrics ranging from face recognition to keystroke dynamics. It also provides metrics from a variety of existing systems such that users can identify the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches.This book targets researchers and lecturers working in authentication, as well as advanced-level students in computer science interested in this field. The book will also be of interest to technical professionals working in cyber security.

This volume ¿Cell Engineerring 11 - Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing: Progress, Trends and Challenges¿ is a source of the latest innovative research and technical development in biomanufacturing systems. It is organised into 2 parts: 1) Manufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins (e.g. therapeutic antibodies, biosimilars/biogenerics) and 2) Manufacturing aspects of cell and gene therapy. Each with selected chapters on the following topics for both up- and downstream, such as: Advanced process strategies, especially continuous manufacturing, Advanced culture techniques, especially single-use systems, Process transfer, scale-up/scale-down models, Processing advances/Manufacturing productivity/efficiency, Model-assisted process understanding and development/Digital Twins, Process controls and analytics, Quality control, Quality by design, Facility design and full-scale commercial systems, manufacturing technology innovation.The book comprises contributions of experts from academia and industry active in the field of cell culture development for the production of recombinant proteins, cell therapy and gene therapy, with consideration of Digital Twin¿s and facility design. The knowledge and expertise of the authors cover disciplines like cell biology, engineering, biotechnology and biomedical sciences. Inevitably, some omissions will occur in the test, but the authors have sought to avoid duplications by extensive cross-referencing to chapters in other volumes of this series and elsewhere. We hope the volume provides a useful compendium of techniques for scientists in industrial and research laboratories active in this field.