Bøger udgivet af NY Research Press

Multimedia refers to the content that uses text, audio, video, image, graphics and animation to create content. The purpose of multimedia is to enhance the users' experience and generate interactivity by combining diverse forms of media content. Multimedia content is stored in multimedia devices. It can be in the form of presentations, games and simulations. Online multimedia is object-oriented and data-driven, which allows user innovation and personalization. Haptic technology further upgrades multimedia experience by allowing virtual objects to be felt. Various multimedia tools are used in advertising, computer-based training, developing special effects in movies and video games, digital media, computer simulations, etc. This textbook provides comprehensive insights in the domain of multimedia technology. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques and applications of this technology. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Crystallography is the experimental procedure of determining the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline solid. Crystallographic methods involve the analysis of diffraction patterns of a sample that has been targeted by a beam of X-rays, electrons or neutrons. Such radiations have different interactions with different specimens, and thus aid in varied crystallographic studies. X-ray crystallography is used for analyzing the molecular conformations of large biomolecules. Neutron crystallography is used for refining structures obtained by X-ray methods, while electron crystallography is used for determining protein structures, such as viral capsids and membrane proteins. The understanding of crystal structures is important for understanding crystallographic defects. When materials do not naturally form crystals, they are placed in solution and then crystallized through vapor diffusion. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to crystallography. It strives to provide detailed information about the techniques and applications of crystallography in a multidisciplinary manner. Those with an interest in this domain would find this book helpful.

The field of materials science and engineering is concerned with the design and discovery of new materials. Some of the important areas of study in this field include the structure of materials such as atomic, nano, macro and microstructure, chemical bonding, materials properties, kinetics and thermodynamics of materials, synthesis and processing, besides others. Advances in this field facilitate theoretical and practical advancements in nanotechnology, metallurgy, semiconductor physics and biomaterials. Besides these, the industrial applications of materials science and engineering are immense. Some of them include development in crystal growth, ion implantation and thin-film deposition in the design and manufacture of ceramics, polymers, etc. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the principles and applications of materials science and engineering. It unfolds the innovative aspects of this field, which will be crucial for the holistic understanding of the subject matter. This textbook will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Mathematics is a fundamental science that is concerned with the study of quantity, structure, space and change through the use of abstraction and logic. These studies are approached from the disciplines of arithmetic, algebra, geometry and analysis. Logic, set theory, uncertainty, number theory, Riemann surfaces, etc. are significant sub-domains of mathematics. Applied mathematical domains of statistics, decision sciences and computational mathematics are of strategic importance in science, engineering, business and industry. This book strives to provide a fair idea about mathematics and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. It covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around advanced mathematics and its applications. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of mathematics as easy and informative as possible for the readers.

A coating is a covering, which is applied on the surface of an object for varied functional or decorative purposes. It can be applied as liquids, solids or gases. Using the techniques of coating, surface properties of the substrate such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, adhesion or wettability can be changed. It can also provide electrical conductivity or magnetic response in certain cases such as in semiconductor device fabrication. Some of the coating processes and technologies may be grouped into the broad areas of roll-to-roll coating processes, vapor deposition, spraying, physical coating processes, chemical and electrochemical techniques. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed coatings technology and aided its advancement. There has been rapid progress in this area and its applications are finding their way across multiple industries. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

The Fourier transform is an important area of mathematics. It is an extension of the Fourier series, in which all periodic functions are expressed as the sum of sine and cosine wave functions. The Fourier transform is relevant when the time period of a represented function approaches infinity. This mathematical tool decomposes a signal, which is a function of time, into its constituent frequencies. The basic properties of the Fourier transform are linearity, invertibility and periodicity, etc. Fourier transforms have applications in solving differential equations, in quantum mechanics and signal processing. Besides these, it is of great significance in spectroscopy, especially nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging and mass spectroscopy. This book provides comprehensive insights into the principles and applications of Fourier transforms. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on Fourier transforms have been included in this book. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Industrial chemistry is the study of chemical processes in industry. It also involves the development of chemical products through the selection of raw materials, production optimization and process improvement. It integrates the principles of chemistry, chemical engineering and environmental science to develop products for the pharmaceutical industry, polymer manufacturing, hydrocarbon processing, food processing, etc. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different areas of industrial chemistry and their applications in modern industries. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basics to the most complex advancements in this field. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts in this field, this book will be an essential guide for both academicians and researchers.

The branch of physics concerned with the microscopic and macroscopic properties of matter is known as condensed matter physics. It specifically studies condensed phases, which have a high population of constituents, and interact strongly with each other. It builds on the principles of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics to study all condensed phases of matter. Modern theoretical condensed matter physics involves the application of numerical computation and mathematical tools to understand high-temperature superconductivity, gauge symmetries and topological phases. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. It presents the complex subject of condensed matter physics in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about this field.

Plasma is a fundamental state of matter. It is generally produced by heating or by subjecting a neutral gas to a strong electromagnetic radiation thereby converting it into an ionized gas. In plasma physics, the bulk properties of plasma like magnetization, thermal properties, non-thermal properties as well as classification and production of commercial and industrial plasmas are studied. It has applications in diverse areas such as fusion technology, food processing, enhanced oil recovery and plasma medicine. Research in theoretical domains of plasma physics extends into the areas of plasma production in high energy interactions in nature, plasma stability, equilibria and confinement among others. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of theoretical and applied plasma physics. It also provides significant information of the technological advances and recent research frontiers to help develop a holistic understanding of this field. This book presents all aspects of this discipline in a comprehensive way and will be beneficial to researchers and students.

Electrical systems engineering is concerned with the development of electrical systems through the application of the principles of electrical engineering. The diverse aspects of generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electric power are studied under this field. It further delves into the design of a range of electrical devices related to the generation of electricity, like generators, transformers, motors, etc. The applications of this field are in grid systems as well as off-grid systems. Specialized power systems are used in aircraft, electric railway networks, etc. The ever growing need for advanced technology is the reason that has fueled the research in the field of electrical systems engineering in recent times. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under this discipline. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Wireless communication enables the transmission of data between two or more points without the use of wires or any other electrical conductor. Wireless technology is a modern networking technology that is both cost and time effective. It is characterized by the use of radio wave communication and signal processing. This technology is central to modern mobile technology and telecommunication industry and is undergoing rapid advancement. Some advanced models employ sound or electromagnetic radiations like light for short and long distance communication. This book is compiled to provide information about the key principles and techniques related to wireless communications. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of this field and provide insights into the emerging applications in various other areas of science. Those who want to broaden their expanse of knowledge will find this book immensely helpful.

Engineering physics combines the disciplines of physics, mathematics and engineering for the design, development and application of new technological solutions to industry. All modern technologies and gadgets that are being used across the world are a result of tremendous research and engineering in this field. It integrates principles from the classical domains of optics, electronics, quantum physics, materials science, nanotechnology and solid state physics for applications in metallurgy, ballistics, cryogenics, polymers, advanced communication and instrumentation. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of engineering physics. It provides insightful ideas and new concepts and will be useful to students and experts associated with this domain.

Mathematical physics is an interdisciplinary science of physics and mathematics that is concerned with the formulation of mathematical models and their application to solve problems in physics. Mathematical models such as Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations have applications in classical mechanics. The field also uses partial differential equations, quantum theory, statistical mechanics and relativity to solve complex problems. This book is a compilation of topics that discuss the most relevant methods and principles of mathematics that are applied to the solution of physical problems. It further comprises of researches done by experts across the globe to advance the theoretical and applied aspects of mathematical physics. This book is aimed at physicists, mathematicians and students in this domain.

Industrial chemistry is concerned with the production of raw materials into finished industrial products by employing various chemical processes. Chemical processes employing chemical reactions, separation methods, refining techniques are commonly applied in the chemical industry for the manufacture of a wide variety of materials. All industrial chemicals are subject to quality control operations and manufacturing standards. The principles and methodologies of industrial chemistry have applications across a number of fields such as petrochemical processing, polymer manufacturing, etc. The production of various organic and inorganic chemicals, including fertilizers also fall in this domain. This book is compiled to present, in a detailed manner, the processes and systems crucial to the field of industrial chemistry. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. It also presents researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. Chemical engineers, experts, researchers and students will find this book a valuable information resource.

Textile engineering has made significant progress in processing and manufacturing technology in the past few decades due to the adoption of computer-aided design and manufacturing. As a result of progress in polymer science and renewed interest in traditional textiles and handloom industries, a lot of research areas are being explored in this discipline. Research is also being conducted to incorporate elements of nanotechnology in the manufacturing process for better quality and ease. This book explores all the important aspects of textile engineering in the present day scenario. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. This book aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in this domain.

Nanoparticles and nanomaterials are studied in the interdisciplinary science of nanotechnology. Nanomaterials are particles ranging in size between 1 and 100 nm. Nanostructures are structures intermediate between microscopic and molecular structures. The study of these is achieved by integrating the principles of semiconductor physics, surface science, organic chemistry, molecular engineering, etc. The applications of nanoparticles and nanostructures are diverse. Prominent among these are nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, biomaterials, biosensors, etc. Research in this domain mostly explores new varieties of nanoparticle design and its applications. This book has been compiled to provide a detailed overview of the design and characterization of nanoparticles with emphasis on their applications. It brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of nanotechnology. It aims to serve as a resource guide for engineers, physicists, material scientists and students.

Materials science is an interdisciplinary study of the engineering of materials. It integrates principles of chemistry, metallurgy, ceramics and solid state physics. This discipline is concerned with the understanding of the properties, structure and manufacturing as well as the design of materials. Studies in these dimensions are useful for advancing the techniques of nanotechnology, biomaterials and metallurgy. It is also involved in developing analyses and investigations in forensics and failure detection in engineering processes. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to the science and engineering of materials. It presents studies and researches performed by experts across the globe and foregrounds the practical applications and ramifications of the theories relevant to this discipline. Those who want to develop a thorough understanding of this field will be greatly benefited by this book.

This book on chemical engineering elucidates on the concepts and theories fundamental to this field of study. Chemical Engineering is a branch of engineering that uses the principles of applied physics, chemistry, life sciences and other scientific fields for production, use and transformation of chemicals, materials and energy to serve various engineering purposes. There has been rapid progress in this field and its applications are finding their way across multiple industries such as biotechnology, control engineering, plant design, etc. This book offers information about the essential topics of chemical engineering while also discussing the progress made in modern theory and principles of the field. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. This book traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts. For all readers who are interested in chemical engineering, the case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

Photonics is the scientific study of generation, detection and manipulation of light through processes of emission, modulation, amplification, etc. It also studies the transmission and properties of photons. The applications of photonics are in the areas of information processing, telecommunications, spectroscopy, lasers, etc. Important applications of photonic devices are in data recording, laser printing and displays. Sensor is a type of photonic device that detects the change in its immediate environment and sends the signals further to other electronic systems for analysis. There has been rapid progress in this field and its applications are finding their way across multiple industries. This book brings forth some of the most innovative and unexplored aspects of photonics. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. For all readers who are interested in photonics, the case studies in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

Sensor networks are wireless networks or systems of spatially scattered sensors that are used to record physical conditions or surroundings. They collate and organize data at a centralized location. Today, sensors are used across industries and fields for various purposes such as forest fire detection, machine health monitoring, air pollution monitoring, etc. The ever growing need of advanced technology is the reason that has fueled the research in the field of sensor networks in recent times. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in this area. Some of the diverse topics covered herein have been contributed by international experts to address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.

Nanoparticles are a result of rapid scientific progress. Nanoparticles refer to particles that are sized between 1-100 nm in at least one dimension. Nanoparticles are surrounded by an interfacial layer which affects its properties. This layer is made up of organic molecules, ions and inorganic molecules. Due to the on-going technological advancements, nanoparticles are gaining prominence across all scientific fields such as medicine, manufacturing, materials science, chemistry, etc. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around nanoparticles. Comprehensive language and content ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and practices in the field of nanotechnology makes this book an ideal reference guide for students, researchers and experts.

This book presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe in the field of organic chemistry. The scientific study of structures, functions and properties of organic compounds falls under the domain of organic chemistry. Organic chemistry has applications for other purposes such as development of antibiotics, detecting food adulteration, disease diagnosis, etc. This book is compiled to provide a thorough understanding of the field by explaining the latest concepts and theories related to this area of study. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques and the applications of this field. It consists of contributions made by international experts and will enable the readers to develop deeper insights into the subject. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Mechanical Engineering is the study of mechanical structures by applying the principles of physics, material science and engineering. This field divides into an array of sub-fields like mechanics, structural analysis, design, drafting, etc. It requires a thorough understanding of principles of related fields like thermodynamics, material science, electricity, etc. Constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of mechanical engineering as easy and informative as possible for the readers. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying mechanical engineering as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.

Any material in a solid state which is hard and exhibits characteristics like electrical conductivity, shine and capacity is referred to as a metal. The atoms of metals are arranged in either body-centered cubic, hexagonal close-packed or face-centered cubic structure. Metals are fundamental to different fields of science. They play a central role in the rapid industrial progress and technological advancement. This book aims to highlight certain key concepts related to the study of metals and explain their properties and applications in an elaborate manner. From theories to research to practical applications, studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. It is designed to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of this discipline.

This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to materials science and engineering. It is an interdisciplinary field of science which involves the study of structures of materials and their mechanisms. Its applications vary across a number of scientific fields and industries such as studying the formation of new metals, construction of alloys, study of nanostructures, etc. This book is compiled to provide a detailed overview of some upcoming concepts related to the field of materials science. It also elaborates the modern advancements that are taking place within scientific research. With its comprehensive language and extensive use of examples, this book will serve as a valuable source of knowledge to students and experts alike.

Mechanical science is the study of mechanical systems, their analysis, designing, structuring and manufacturing by integrating principles of physics, material science and engineering. Mechanical science has applications across various scientific fields. Its systems are used for purposes of designing structures of varying sizes, building automobiles, industrial equipment design, etc. With the rapid industrial growth in the last few decades, mechanical science as a scientific field of study has experienced a significant progress and has emerged as a multidisciplinary subject. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied branches that fall under this category. It elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to mechanical science. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Fractional calculus falls under the domain of mathematical analysis. It focuses on the study of the differentiation operator in terms of real and complex number powers. Fractional calculus has various applications across other scientific fields such as polymer chemistry through structural damping models, in quantum theory through the analysis of Schrödinger's equation, etc. This book elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. The chapters provide significant information of this field to help develop a good understanding of fractional calculus and related fields. It also attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under this discipline and how such concepts have practical applications. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike as well as contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Materials that can be used for the construction or manufacturing of other products through an organized engineering activity are called engineering materials. Advancements in engineering materials drive the design and manufacture of new products. Some of the industrial processes surrounding such materials are processing techniques, quality analytic methods, material characterization and purification. These materials are tested for their properties and are accordingly divided into four essential categories: Metal alloys, Composite, Ceramic and Polymer. This book is compiled in such a way that it provides extensive information about the theories and practices that are applied to this field while also examining new methods and applications in close detail. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to engineering materials. With its detailed analyses and data, this book will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Mathematics is a vast field of study with applications in all major fields of science, engineering, business, economics, computer science and many more. Mathematics uses the tools of measurement, calculations, algebra, etc. to study concepts such as shape, quantity, structure and change. Some of the major branches of mathematics are algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, probability and statistics. The chapters included herein explore all the important aspects of mathematics in the present day scenario. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Chromatography is a chemical process used to separate mixtures into their constituents. It is used as a technique across a number of industries such as ink factories, milk production, etc. As a method of separating mixtures, it can be performed in a variety of ways with different kinds of apparatus. Some popular techniques of chromatography include gas, column, liquid, ion exchange, thin layer, two-dimensional and reversed-phase chromatography among many others. Some of the topics included in this book elaborate the varied forms of chromatography. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.