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Desert Regions are Familiar faces in many of History of the world. The Earliest civilizations and two of the world's major Religions were born here. This publication "Environment, People and Development: Experiences from Desert Ecosystems" Highlights some of the Basic and technologically refined information from many parts of the Desert Ecosystems of the world.

The essential oils are present in the specific cells called as glandular cells present in the plant part that may be anywhere on plant body. Upon rupture of these glands aroma come out which are volatile in nature and combination of all chemical constituents are fragrance what we get sense. Essential oils are used in perfumery, aromatherapy, cosmetics, incense, medicine, household insect repellent cleaning products, and for flavoring food and drink. They are also valuable commodities in the agricultural industries as anti-feedants, repellents, botanical insecticides, natural herbicides and growth boosters are still open to fascinating realms of research. All information's are confined in scattered manner and hence an effort has been made to collect all information's and compiled together and represented in this book in a simple manner to serve the basic concept to the readers. This book complied with five s' viz. 1. Introduction 2. General extraction method for essential oils 3. Market statistics for importance of essential oils 4. Individual medicinal and aromatic plants 5. New aromatic plants and their future research.

In any agricultural country, various types of agricultural commodities are produced in large quantities and to handle such quantities during harvest, post-harvest, processing and transportation, various types of equipment are required. To design particular equipment or determining the behaviour of the product for its handling, physical properties such as size, shape, surface area, volume, density, porosity are very important. Various types of cleaning, grading and separation equipment are designed on the basis of physical properties of seeds such as size, shape, specific gravity etc. The book will provide a fundamental understanding of engineering properties of agricultural produce and the knowledge of engineering properties are combined with engineering knowledge. Each chapter in the book will be helpful for the students to understand the relationship between engineering properties of raw, semi-finished and processed food to obtain products with desired shelf-life and quality. This book discusses basic definitions, principles of engineering properties and their measurement methods with research findings. It will be helpful to the students for their self-study and to gain information how to analyze experimental data to generate practical information. It will also be helpful for students who deal with engineering properties in their research. Methods to measure these properties are also explained in details.

Fruit Breeding is an art and science demanding prolonged time, space and intrinsic qualities. Seed propagation leads to heterogeneity and asexual propagation of elite clones' leads to newer and novel types. There are temperate, sub-tropical and tropical fruits differing in photo and thermo periodic requirements. There are also parthenocarpic and apomictic fruit trees demanding special breeding methods for improvement. Aroma, taste and flavor are unique to fruits unlike other horticultural crops like vegetables, spices, plantation crops and tubers. The book unravels history of fruit breeding, biodiversity, challenges approaches and prospects, apomixes, mutation breeding, role of insects in fruit production, molecular markers, statistical techniques, rootstock breeding, breeding of mango, citrus, banana, papaya, guava, sapota, jackfruit, sugarapple/sweetsop Indian jujube and jamun. The 20 s in the book authored by 15 scientists from six Research Institutes and Universities expose readers to a new world of fruit breeding, very seldom ventured by breeders.

The papers included in this book have a broad coverage of the topics related to new technologies in functional foods and nutraceuticals, fruits and vegetables and their by-products as valuable ingredients for functional foods and nutraceuticals, potential bioactive components from various food sources, trends and development of nutraceuticals and functional foods as well as functional food and nutraceuticals as ingredients in the value addition for health promotion, standardization and quality control. This compilation helps to overcome the problems faced in exploring the potential of nutraceuticals in naturopathy and device strategies to encounter such problems.

Nutrient use efficiency is a measure of how efficiently plants use the available mineral nutrients to produce economic produce. Improving nutrient use efficiency is very much essential under current scenario besides an understanding of the nutrient dynamics in soil-plant system."Enhancing nutrient use efficiency: Concepts, methods, and management interventions" is a comprehensive book which has a compilation of topics related to enhancement of nutrient use efficiency of various crops and cropping systems. Although it depends on the ability to plants to take up the nutrients from the soil, management practices have a key role to intervene the use efficiency. This book has 27 chapters written by eminent researchers in the field and addresses multifaceted approaches to enhance the nutrient use efficiency. Improving nutrient use efficiency is a prerequisite to reducing production costs in the wake of escalating cost of agricultural inputs in farming besides minimizing environmental contamination. Soil physical management is the foremost strategy to enhance the nutrient use efficiency. Hand held devices are popular among the farmers for nitrogen management in rice in several parts of the country, besides slow release nitrogenous fertilizers. Experiences from Long term fertilizer experiments and soil test crop response correlation are of immense use to understand the nutrient dynamics in soil and in turn designing practices for higher use efficiency.

With New Education Policy in place, the country is in the process of transforming agricultural education being an important sector catering to food and nutritional security. With a major focus on agriculture and to attract youth in agriculture, it is important that the education is made interesting, simple and purposeful. Textbooks become the medium of outreach that helps in mentoring the young minds who are in the colleges and universities. Earlier, we gave the fundamentals of agriculture in Elementary Agriculture, entirely based on the syllabus for educating agricultural graduates and based on the feedback from students. In this Volume II of Elementary Agriculture, we focus majorly on the crop diversification aspects covering cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, and vegetables. Chapter 1 describes the history and scope of cereals and millets, while chapter 2 covers pulses. Third chapter includes production of oilseeds, and the practice and distribution of the fibre crops is given in Chapter 4. The 5th Chapter is about sugar-yielding plants. Sixth chapter is on fodder crops which is very important from animal nutrition perspective. All other crops have been covered in Chapter 7. Vegetable Production is highlighted in Chapter 8. Livestock management aspects have been addressed in Chapters 9. The 10th Chapter is on the Energy and Agricultural Engineering aspects including power transmission in enhancement of agricultural productivity. The 11th Chapter is focusing on the role of women in agriculture and the extension aspects of farming system have been covered in Chapter 12. Finally, exemplary Questionnaire has been included to readily benefit students preparing for community survey in rural areas.

This Laboratory Manual has been designed for students for easy understanding of basic plant pathological laboratory techniques related with Isolation of pathogen, Preservation of disease samples, Demonstration of Koch.s postulates, Study of different groups of fungicides and antibiotics, Preparation of fungicides, Methods of application of fungicides, Bio-assay of fungicides, Bio control of plant pathogens and Identification of some important fungal pathogens. The book is fully colour book with digitized images have been made to identify diseases and pathogens with explanations of new terminologies to enhance students understanding about the subject. The book will be useful to beginners, students, instructors, scientists and research workers in the field of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology

The book is divided into four sections, minerals, crystals, rocks and ores. Section A incorporates nine s, begins with presenting salient features of the earth--its structure and composition. The second Minerals and Mineralogy briefly tells about their diversity and their categorisation and introduces the interesting way they are named. Crystal chemistry the third is the heart and soul of mineralogy and deals in somewhat details about the building blocks of minerals -atoms and ions and the way they form diverse types of minerals are. It tries to tell why every combination of chemical compounds cannot result into a naturally occurring mineral. The fourth and fifth s deal with Properties of Minerals, physical and optical. The s describe various physical properties that are helpful in the identification both in hand specimens and as thin section under the microscope. These two s are adequately aided with a number of illustrations, photographs and photomicrographs to bring home the point. five deals with classification of minerals and their occurrence and forms a prelude to the next two s on descriptive mineralogy. Important silicate and non silicate minerals are described in s eight and nine. A brief description of mineral uses is dealt with in both descriptive mineralogy as well Section D on mineral deposits, however, the last , Mineral uses presents an overall picture and will be interesting as well as educating to students and even general readeSection B is devoted to crystals and crystallography. one introduces the subject while two presents basic crystallographic elements. three deals with the main six crystals systems while also giving a preliminary idea about stereographic projection and x-ray crystallography. Section C covers petrology, beginning with introduction to science of petrology, rock nomenclature. two is devoted to the study of igneous rocks, including their forms, composition, textures, structures, classification and description. Sedimentary rocks is the theme of three while different aspects of metamorphic rocks including kinds and agents of metamorphism and classification and description of metamorphism. The last portion of this also considers metamorphism in the background of global tectonics. five, the rock cycle presents a concise summary of geological events that have shaped the planet earth. The last section D is what geology is all about for a man on the street and its significance in nation building--the Ore minerals. It begins with what ore is and its place in human affairs as a well as presenting the important terminology in economic geology. two deals with ore genesis and presents various hypogene and supergene process that carves out ore deposits from non economic materials. three, mineral deposits and global tectonics is becoming a very popular theme among the earth scientists. A brief introduction of the same will be certainly appreciated by the student community and prompt them for further study in this direction. A general survey of India's mineral resources is the theme of four. It covers almost all of the commonly used ores, metallic, non metallic or fuels. The last of section D and the boom, 'Indian mineral industry: some facts and figures' will present where our country stands in the realm of mineral resources. Latest available data of resources, production, export, import, organisations that matter and other useful facts and figures are presented.