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The Caddos once inhabited a vast area that is now included in eastern Texas and parts of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Their descendants have lived in southwestern Oklahoma since the middle of the 19th century. Their language is distantly related to Pawnee, Arikara, Wichita, and Kitsai within the Caddoan language family. Its polysynthetic verb morphology was described in an earlier work by Lynette Melnar. Chafe's work expands on that description, adding nouns and adjectives, a collection of representative texts and an English-Caddo dictionary.

This is an edition and translation of an autobiographical account written in the Meskwaki language in 1918 by an anonymous Meskwaki woman. The writer describes how she was brought up and taught useful skills, and she talks frankly about her personal life, which included three marriages. The original manuscript is written in the alphabetic syllabary that the Meskwakis began using in the last decades of the nineteenth century. It is in the National Anthropological Archives of the Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution. It was originally published, with a few small omissions, by Truman Michelson in 1925. The present edition, while heavily indebted to the earlier work, has been revised on the basis of an examination of the manuscript, and a fresh translation has been prepared based on fieldwork with Meskwaki speakers. In this edition each line of the text is accompanied by an interlinear labeling and analysis of every word, and an appendix lists and analyzes every ending and ending complex. The running translation is italicized to make it possible to easily follow just the English all the way through. Copious textual notes, given separately, annotate details of transcription, pronunciation, and translation, including variant renderings and interpretations of different speakers and sources. The words in this text may be found in A Meskwaki-English and English-Meskwaki Dictionary, by Ives Goddard and Lucy Thomason (Mundart Press, 2014). This provides a practical spelling of the words with no technical symbols except for the long-vowel mark (^). Meskwaki (earlier called Fox) is the heritage language of the Meskwaki Nation (officially named the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa), whose lands are in Tama County, Iowa. This Mundart Press reprint is a photographic facsimile of the original edition that appeared as Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics Memoir 18 (Winnipeg, 2006).

A GLOSSARY TO THE DELAWARE PUBLICATIONS OF IRA D. BLANCHARDThis is a companion volume to the editions of Ira D. Blanchard's books that document the Southern Unami dialect of the Delaware language (Lenape; ISO code unm) as spoken in the years from 1834 to 1842: A Harmony of the Four Gospels in Delaware (Goddard 2021a) and The Delaware Primers of Ira D. Blanchard (Goddard and Beckwith 2021). It is designed to be used with A Grammar of Southern Unami Delaware (Lenape) (Goddard 2021b). The glossary includes virtually all the words from Blanchard's texts. For each word, a representative sample of forms is given with definitions, grammatical information, and text locations, as well as references to other sources on the Delaware language. Southern Unami is the heritage language of the Delaware Tribe of Indians (Bartlesville, Okla.) and the Delaware Nation of Western Oklahoma (Anadarko). Miles Beckwith has a doctorate in linguistics from Yale University and is Chair of the English Department of Iona College, where he teaches courses on literature, language, and linguistics.Ives Goddard has a doctorate in linguistics from Harvard University and is Senior Linguist Emeritus in the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, where he was Linguistic Editor (1970-2007), Managing Editor (1985-1988), and Technical Editor (1989-2007) of the Handbook of North American Indians.

This book presents an edition of the three school primers in the Southern Unami dialect of the Delaware language (Lenape; ISO code unm) that were produced by the Baptist missionary Ira D. Blanchard in the years 1834 and 1842. Their short titles are: Linapi'e Lrkvekun (Blanchard 1834a), Linapie Lrkvekun (Blanchard 1834b) and The Delaware First Book (Blanchard [and Journeycake] 1842). Blanchard was aided by two bilingual young men, James Conner and Charles Journeycake. The Delawares were at the time in a part of Indian Territory that is now eastern Kansas. The books were printed on a press at the nearby Shawnee mission. They were written entirely in Delaware and, as primers, were intended to teach reading to monolingual Delaware-speaking children. The language is written in a special alphabet devised by the printer Jotham Meeker that is long out of use, and the contents of the primers have been effectively inaccessible. The lessons include warnings against drunkenness, Bible stories, the world around us, contemporary life, and the planned Indian state. Also available from the editors are an edition of Blanchard and Conner's Delaware translation of a Harmony of the Gospels (1837-1839; Goddard 2021a), a Glossary to Blanchard's publications (Beckwith and Goddard 2021), and a Grammar of Southern Unami Delaware based on Blanchard's books and twentieth-century fieldwork with the last speakers (Goddard 2021b). Southern Unami is the heritage language of the Delaware Tribe of Indians (Bartlesville, Okla.) and the Delaware Nation of Western Oklahoma (Anadarko).

[See http: //mundartpress.wordpress.com/2013/10/02/outline-for-a-comparativ/ to print a double sided insert additions page] This is a translation of a comparative grammar of five Algonquian Native American languages first published in Dutch in 1910. Although too short to represent a comprehensive grammar of these languages, it treats most parts of speech and is a good solid introduction to many of the major important morphological features of this family and the languages treated. It has been expanded, corrected and improved in the form of translators notes based on much more recent and complete material. It also includes many bibliographical resources for most of the Algonquian language family, which are geared towards comparative language learning methods. The two most widely spoken languages of this group, Ojibway (frequently spelled Chippewa, Ojibwa or Ojibwe) and Cree, are both examples of the close knit Central Algonquian group, while Micmac (also spelled Mi'kmaq and Mi'gmaw) and the extinct Natick belong to the Eastern group. The western Blackfoot is usually placed with the Plains Algonquian group, but it is the most divergent member of the entire family and has roughly as many speakers as Micmac

A Harmony of the Gospels in Delaware, Volume II: These two volumes are an edition of the Delaware translation of a Harmony of the four Gospels of the New Testament that was done by the Baptist missionary Ira D. Blanchard aided by a young interpreter named James Conner and very likely one or more others. Blanchard's title was, in shortened form: The history of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. The book was printed in the years 1837 to 1839. The text is presented in a four-line format, including the spelling as printed, a transcription into phonemic spelling, a translation of this, and the original source text. The language is specifically what was historically the Southern Unami dialect of Delaware and is now called Lenape. It is the heritage language of the Delaware Tribe of Indians (Bartlesville, Okla.) and the Delaware Nation of Western Oklahoma (Anadarko).Volume 1 includes an introduction and lists of abbreviations and other conventions.The two volumes form a continuous whole; they are separately issued because of production requirements.

A Harmony of the Gospels in Delaware, Volume I: These two volumes are an edition of the Delaware translation of a Harmony of the four Gospels of the New Testament that was done by the Baptist missionary Ira D. Blanchard aided by a young interpreter named James Conner and very likely one or more others. Blanchard's title was, in shortened form: The history of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. The book was printed in the years 1837 to 1839. The text is presented in a four-line format, including the spelling as printed, a transcription into phonemic spelling, a translation of this, and the original source text. The language is specifically what was historically the Southern Unami dialect of Delaware and is now called Lenape. It is the heritage language of the Delaware Tribe of Indians (Bartlesville, Okla.) and the Delaware Nation of Western Oklahoma (Anadarko).Volume 1 includes an introduction and lists of abbreviations and other conventions.The two volumes form a continuous whole; they are separately issued because of production requirements.

A Grammar of the Southern Unami Dialect of the Delaware Language (Lenape): This grammar of the Southern Unami language describes the phonology, the inflectional and derivational morphology, and some aspects of sentence and discourse structure. It does not include a formal treatment of syntax. The treatment of these topics in Delaware Verbal Morphology (Goddard 1979) has been entirely recast, and there are now sections on additional topics that substantially fill out the description of this often complex and idiosyncratic Algonquian language. The facts are presented discursively in small modules with examples.The phonemic transcription has been improved by writing the phonemic contrast between the long and short fricatives between vowels and after /n/, and by greater consistency in writing the marginally distinctive contrast between /u/ and the unrounded mid-central vowel, especially before /w/.The extensive phonological alternations are illustrated with examples of morphological contexts in which they characteristically appear. Static words, syllables, and segments (which have short phonemes inconsistent with the more usual phonological patterns) are treated. The inflection of nouns, pronouns, and verbs is described and illustrated with extensive paradigms, and particles, including enclitics, are treated.The processes of stem derivation are outlined for primary stems and for secondary stems (those derived from another stem). The types of reduplication are described. Several kinds of compounds are distinguished and illustrated.The basic facts of sentence structure are presented, including the function of absolute and objective transitive verbs (to mark distinctions of definiteness) and the use of oblique complements and adjuncts. Other features discussed include verbless sentences, participles (relative clauses), focus-fronting, discontinuous constituents, and gapping.Southern Unami is the heritage language of the Delaware Tribe of Indians (Bartlesville, Okla.) and the Delaware Nation of Western Oklahoma (Anadarko).

"This collection of invited papers honors Ives Goddard, an outstanding figure in the field of the languages of the Americas as well as in historical linguistics and ethnohistory. Goddard is the single most knowledgeable scholar in historical and comparative Algonquian, a field to which he has been contributing since his undergraduate Harvard thesis; he has also carried out extensive fieldwork on Meskwaki and on the Delaware languages Unami and Munsee. Goddard is also well known for his work editing and translating early indigenous texts, including Wampanoag (in collaboration with Kathleen Bragdon) and Meskwaki texts from the early 20th century written in the Great Lakes syllabary by Alfred Kiyana and other writers. Moreover, Goddard's 1996 map of North American language families has become the new standard for representing the genetic relationships of the languages of the continent. "The title of this volume, "Webs of Relationship and Words from Long Ago," is a translation of the Meskwaki title of Alfred Kiyana's most metalinguistic text. The twenty essays in this volume by many of Goddard's colleagues and former students all discuss webs of relationships and words from long ago, either or both: papers on many of the Algonquian languages (Plains Cree, Woods Cree, Innu, Arapaho, Menominee, Miami-Illinois, Meskwaki, and a proposed Core Central group), linguistic treatments of other American languages (Iroquoian, Montana Salish, Zapotec), historical analyses of languages in other parts of the world (Tocharian, Latin, Caucasian Albanian, Udi), ethnohistorical or cultural investigations (Passamaquoddy, Wampanoag, Onondaga, exploration of the Upper Mississippi), and a retrospective of the last 40 years of historical study of American Indian languages. "Amy Dahlstrom - University of Chicago

A Meskwaki-English and English-Meskwaki Dictionary, Based on Early Twentieth-Century Writings by Native Speakers, by Ives Goddard and Lucy Thomason. The vocabulary is mostly from the writings of William Jones and the extensive Truman Michelson collection of manuscript texts in the National Anthropological Archives of the Smithsonian Institution, interpreted on the basis of earlier studies by Jones, Michelson, Leonard Bloomfield, and Paul Voorhis and 15 years of recent fieldwork at the Meskwaki Settlement in Tama County, Iowa. Meskwaki is one of the most archaic members of the Algonquian language family, attesting many features that are useful in understanding its sister tongues. The dictionary includes vocabulary for traditional ways of life and mythic worlds that were ancient even at the time they were written down a century ago. There are six appendixes: for animals, birds, bodyparts, the calendar, numbers (and how to count), and kinship terminology. The introduction also includes a brief synopsis of grammar as a guide. A fully phonemic practical spelling is used. The name Meskwaki (earlier Mesquakie) replaces the historical name Fox, which has been used in many publications. The full official name of the people who speak Meskwaki is the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa.

This book has editions and translations of eleven texts written in the Algonquian language Meskwaki by Alfred Kiyana over a century ago. The manuscripts of these are part of the large collection of Meskwaki texts that are in the National Anthropological Archives of the Smithsonian Institution. The first ten of the texts have what are called winter stories. They are set in ancient times when human beings and their world are not yet like they are today. There are powerful spirits (manitous), giants and monsters, talking birds and animals, and magical transformations. Even the ostensible human beings may have supernatural powers. The final text brings together three brief thematically linked stories about people who lived in the world as we know it today. As indicated by the choice of the title selection, the stories in this book have sexual themes and some strong sexual content. They have been brought together not only because the treatment of these topics might be of interest, but also, given their often inexplicit titles, as a way to make clear the presence of subject matter that some may wish to avoid. Meskwaki is the heritage language of the Meskwaki Nation (the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa).

This book is a grammar of Meskwaki, an Algonquian language spoken today in Tama County, Iowa. There are two factors that make Meskwaki of particular interest and importance. It is arguably the most archaic language of the Algonquian family in preserving the word shapes of the ancestral Algonquian language that is reconstructed as Proto-Algonquian by linguists. And it is documented by a very large collection of texts written by numerous native speakers more than a century ago that is kept in the National Anthropological Archives of the Smithsonian Institution. Meskwaki is a highly inflected language with extremely free word order. This grammar includes separate chapters on phonology (the sound system), grammatical categories, inflections, the derivation of stems, sentence structure, and some aspects of how sentences are connected to form longer utterances and narratives (discourse). The uses of the proximate and obviative third person categories are described and illustrated with numerous examples. The use of discontinuous compound words, phrases, and clauses is also described. Extensive reference is made throughout to the published and unpublished textual sources. An appendix lists and analyzes all the inflectional endings in the two long texts that have been published with interlinearized analysis, "The Autobiography of a Meskwaki Woman" and "The Owl Sacred Pack." Meskwaki is the heritage language of the Meskwaki Nation (the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa).