Bøger udgivet af MIT Press Ltd

A new way to understand expressive interaction, focusing on the dynamic, fast, pre-reflective processes underlying interactions with music. The expressive moment is that point in time when we grasp a situation and respond quickly, even before we are aware of it. In this book, Marc Leman argues that expression drives this kind of interaction, and he proposes a general framework for understanding expressive interactions. He focuses on the dynamic, fast, and pre-reflective processes underlying our interactions with music--whether we are playing an instrument, dancing, listening, or using new interactive technologies. Music offers a well-established domain for studying these fast and interactive processes, and Leman argues that understanding the power of expressive interaction through music may help us understand cognitive processing in other domains, including language, human action coordination, human-animal interaction, and human-machine interaction. Leman regards expressive interactions with music as energizing and empowering. He argues that music is based on patterns that intervene with a reinforcing loop in the human brain, strengthening learning, motivation, and reward. He argues further that the reinforcing effect is influenced by the interaction flow, by fast processes that handle expressive qualities on the fly. Leman sets out the framework in which expressive interaction is situated, describing, among other things, a pragmatic model of communication in which the fundamental components are enactment and dynamics. He looks in more detail at the cognitive-motivational architecture, discussing sensorimotor and motivational schemes. Finally, he discusses applications for the concepts behind expressive motivation in such fields as sports, entertainment, rehabilitation, multimedia art, and music education.

Why the card catalog--a "paper machine" with rearrangeable elements--can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a "universal paper machine" that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.

How we can invent—but not predict—the future of cities.We cannot predict future cities, but we can invent them. Cities are largely unpredictable because they are complex systems that are more like organisms than machines. Neither the laws of economics nor the laws of mechanics apply; cities are the product of countless individual and collective decisions that do not conform to any grand plan. They are the product of our inventions; they evolve. In Inventing Future Cities, Michael Batty explores what we need to understand about cities in order to invent their future.Batty outlines certain themes—principles—that apply to all cities. He investigates not the invention of artifacts but inventive processes. Today form is becoming ever more divorced from function; information networks now shape the traditional functions of cities as places of exchange and innovation. By the end of this century, most of the world's population will live in cities, large or small, sometimes contiguous, and always connected; in an urbanized world, it will be increasingly difficult to define a city by its physical boundaries.Batty discusses the coming great transition from a world with few cities to a world of all cities; argues that future cities will be defined as clusters in a hierarchy; describes the future “high-frequency,” real-time streaming city; considers urban sprawl and urban renewal; and maps the waves of technological change, which grow ever more intense and lead to continuous innovation—an unending process of creative destruction out of which future cities will emerge.

"This book provides a longue durâee story examining the dynamic history of predictive methods and values in sciences--and particularly in engineering and other applied sciences--which is crucial to understanding today's culture of prediction"--

A multidisciplinary examination of the phenomenon of collaboration to expand knowledge and inform future activities.Human existence depends critically on how well diverse social-cultural-political groups can collaborate. Yet the phenomenon of collaboration itself is ill-defined, badly understood, and there is no straightforward formula for its successful realization. In The Nature and Dynamics of Collaboration, edited by Paul F.M.J. Verschure et al., experts from wide-ranging disciplines examine how human collaboration arises, breaks down, and potentially recovers. They explore the different contexts, boundary conditions, and drivers of collaboration to expand understanding of the underlying dynamic, multiscale processes, in an effort to increase chances for ethical, sustainable, and productive collaboration in the future.This volume is accompanied by twenty-four podcasts, which provide insights from real-world examples.ContributorsAsaf Bachrach, Kevin Bauer, Jenna Bednar, Eric D. Beinhocker, Johan Bollen, Federica Carugati, Esther Chevrot-Bianco, Michael Chwe, A. C. C. Coolen, Tamas David-Barrett, Simon DeDeo, L. Zachary DuBois, Ismael T. Freire, Dorthe Døjbak Håkonsson, Rebecca D. Hardin, Sebastian Kahl, Heidi Keller, Mette Løvschal, Jônatas Manzolli, George E. Marcus, Marcia L. McLain, Stephanie Musgrave, Melody N.Ndzenyuiy, Chris J. C. Nierstrasz, Raul Pacheco-Vega, Scott E.Page, Ella Paldam, Bhavani R. Rao, Andreas Roepstorff, Karthik Sankaranarayanan, Dennis Snower, Sidney Strauss, Justin Sulik, Veena Suresh, Kristian Tylén, Robert Van der Laarse, Sander E.van der Leeuw, Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Alicia von Schenk, Ferdinand von Siemens

An international overview of how policy makers, curriculum developers, and school practitioners can integrate computational thinking into K–12 curricula.In today’s digital society, computational thinking (CT) is a critical component of all children’s education. In Computational Thinking Curricula in K–12, editors Harold Abelson and Siu-Cheung Kong present a range of professional perspectives on the most effective ways to integrate CT into school curricula. Their edited volume, which offers an overview of educational policy, curriculum development, school implementation, and classroom practice, will appeal especially to policy makers, curriculum developers, school practitioners, and educational researchers. The essays cover twelve countries and regions across three continents: Australia, China, Finland, Hong Kong, India, Israel, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom, with a particular emphasis on Asia.A companion to the editors’ earlier Computational Thinking Education in K–12, this book consists of two sections: 1) educational policy and curriculum development and 2) school implementation and classroom practice. The authors delve into issues of regional history; governmental planning; official initiatives; leadership commitment; curriculum design; pedagogical implementation; equity, diversity, and inclusion; assessment, including longitudinal assessment across age groups; formal and informal learning approaches to CT; and teacher development. Specific topics include core competencies and CT education, robotics education and CT, AI and CT, and game-based platforms for computational problem-solving. The varying ways that CT is being integrated into the early grades, in particular, presents an interesting case study in international comparative education.

"Hedgehogs, Killing, and Kindness explores the complex ways in which various human actors interact with hedgehogs and other species, and the multifaceted modes of care--sometimes violent, often ambiguous--in contemporary species conservation and wildlife rehabilitation"--

"An educational ethnography focusing on the uses of technology within a purposely inclusive elementary school that integrates students with and without disabilities in the same classroom setting"--

"A demonstration of the superiority of the "fast and frugal heuristics" model over statistical analysis for making business decisions"--

"A thought experiment by a prominent bioethicist on how unintended pregnancies can be drastically curtailed using currently available methods"--

"An argument for the importance of sadness in human life, drawing broadly on the cognitive sciences and stemming from the author's deep research into music"--

"Underbelly articulates the pathways of global health funding and development policies by exploring their outcomes for recipient individuals and communities. Drawing on 15 years of ethnographic research and global health program implementation in highland Guatemala, this book focuses on the provision of primary health care services as a critical exemplar of how global health and development programs fall short, specifically focusing on efforts to prevent and treat diarrhea"--

"This is the first historical work that situates the Strategic Defense Initiative within a new phase in the militarization of space, uncovering a largely secret history of the role of military space technologies in late-Cold War U.S. defense strategy and foreign relations"--

"Prior Art offers the first ever history of the use of patents in architecture, spanning the period 1830 - 1996"--

"This book sets out to investigate the political, technological, and environmental dimensions of architecture at a moment when buildings began to interact with the emergent medium of radio. More especially it explores Cold War Berlin, through the Haus des Rundfunks, occupied by the Soviet forces on the Eastern side of the city"--