Bøger udgivet af LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Photonics is a branch of optics that involves the application of generation, detection, and manipulation of light in form of photons through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing. Photonics is closely related to quantum electronics, where quantum electronics deals with the theoretical part of it while photonics deal with its engineering applications. Though covering all light's technical applications over the whole spectrum, most photonic applications are in the range of visible and near-infrared light. The term photonics developed as an outgrowth of the first practical semiconductor light emitters invented in the early 1960s and optical fibers developed in the 1970s.

The Research Covered Studies on Phomopsis blight and Fruit rot of Eggplant and their Management in Gwalior Region, Madhya Pradesh. The potential crop is known to be susceptible to several diseases, such as Phomopsis vexans caused damping off, seedling blight, fruit rot, etc. Phomopsis blight was treated In vitro conditions by Using different Biologicals, Chemical Fungicides, and Botanicals. Trichoderma Viride, Cymoxanil, and Lantana camara inhibited the pathogen growth utmost.

Further enhancements in orthodontic services will rely on the implementation of new diagnostic and treatment methodologies. Emerging technologies are poised to deliver heightened precision, accuracy, and insight. These advancements equip clinicians with the tools necessary to refine treatment planning through computer modeling, testing, and simulations. Moreover, these innovative approaches also serve as invaluable assets in orthodontic education and facilitate enhanced communication with patients.

"Environmental Science: Advancing to a Sustainable Tomorrow" is a concise and comprehensive guide that takes readers on a journey through the complexities of environmental science. The book explores key areas such as ecology, climate change, biodiversity, and sustainable resource management. Emphasizing the urgency of environmental stewardship, it highlights the crucial roles of science, technology, and collective action in steering us towards sustainability. The book encourages reflection on the shared responsibility to protect and preserve our planet, inspiring readers to become agents of positive change for a more sustainable and resilient future.

With the increasing need for sustainable construction materials, this book investigates the potential of bamboo as a viable alternative to steel in future construction practices. Bamboo's rapid growth, renewability, and mechanical properties make it an appealing option for reducing environmental impacts. This book assesses the feasibility of bamboo's integration into construction by examining its structural characteristics, durability, and overall environmental benefits. The book employs experimental analysis, including tensile strength and durability tests, to evaluate bamboo's structural performance in comparison to steel. Environmental assessments are conducted to quantify the ecological advantages of bamboo, such as carbon sequestration and reduced energy consumption. The findings illuminate bamboo's potential to revolutionize the construction industry as a sustainable steel alternative.Harshil Panchal is an undergraduate student of Architecture, and this book is compilation of his dissertation work guided by AR Aditya Anand.

"Converging Pathways: Insights from Diverse Disciplines" explores the intersections of various fields, offering a rich tapestry of perspectives on common themes. This book delves into how diverse disciplines, ranging from science to humanities, converge to shed light on complex phenomena. Readers will embark on a journey of discovery as they uncover the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate subjects, gaining valuable insights that transcend disciplinary boundaries.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology have become driving forces in shaping the future of technology, medicine, energy, and materials science. This book is designed to be a comprehensive guide, offering a bridge between the curious mind and the intricate world of the nanoscale. Whether you are a student, researcher, or simply an enthusiast eager to grasp the significance of the small, this journey through the nanoworld aims to demystify complex concepts, explore groundbreaking applications, and inspire awe for the tiny wonders that hold immense potential.

GTR is a technique for fixing periodontal issues to increase the stability and support of a tooth or group of teeth. Bacteria that get lodged behind the gums can cause periodontal disease, also known as periodontitis, which is a persistent illness. The hard and soft tissues supporting the teeth deteriorate as a result. This can occasionally result in spaces forming between the teeth and the bone. A bone transplant is a separate treatment that is frequently required to address these gaps, also known as bony defects.This Book focuses on the different types of regenerative techniques.

Community-based tourism (CBT) refers to, a way of tourism that is managed and hosted by local communities, where they offer tourist to experience their lifestyle, food, & customs. CBT in Dooars is a nature-based tourism that emphasizes the balance between human and natural equality, including economic growth through conservation, sustainability, and biodiversity.CBT of Dooars includes social development, poverty alleviation, cultural heritage, and conservation. Dooars means the door or gateway. Objectives: - To explore the community's involvement in CBT development of the study area.- To analyze and find out the scope of community development in North Bengal, Dooars through CBT Development.- To determine the value and impact of community-based tourism on the potential and sustainable development of the study area. Data Sources: - Primary data: Primary data is collected through two types of questionnaires, a) Host Community. b) Tourists.- Secondary data: National and international tourism literature, Research Publications, facts and statistics, of Tourism & Hospitality Associations such as UNWTO, IATA, IATO, TAAI.

A web portal is a website that serves as a gateway or entry point to a variety of information, resources, and services. It typically provides users with a centralized access point to different websites, databases, and online tools.University libraries are libraries that are affiliated with universities or colleges. They provide resources and services to support the academic and research needs of students, faculty, and staff. University libraries often have extensive collections of books, journals, databases, and other materials that are relevant to the subjects taught at the institution. They also offer various services such as research assistance, inter library loan, and access to digital resources. A web portal serves as a centralized platform that provides users with access to a wide range of information, services, and resources. It acts as a gateway or entry point to various websites, applications, and tools, making it easier for users to navigate and find what they need. The specific services and features offered by a web portal can vary depending on its purpose and target audience.

Enzymes are proteins that quicken chemical reactions to function as biological catalysts. Enzymes can interact with molecules known as substrates, and they change the substrates into other molecules known as products. Enzyme catalysis is required for nearly all of the metabolic activities in a cell to proceed at speeds quick enough to support life.Enzymes are required by metabolic pathways in order to catalyze specific steps. Enzymology is the study of enzymes, and pseudoenzyme analysis acknowledges that some enzymes have lost their capacity for biological catalysis during evolution.This book focuses on its role in Periodontics.

The text tends to focus on aviation insurance and negligence of some of the airline operators in Nigeria. The incidence of plane crash and sometimes breach of passengers' right. It will look at statutes, judicial authorities and subsidiary legislation in the form of rules, guidelines and regulations. Also, it will go ahead to examine why some aviation companies in Nigeria took insurance policy abroad, which sometimes makes it difficult to enforce when there are air mishaps.

This work appraises the legal framework for the admissibility of electronically generated evidence in Nigeria. Looking precisely at evidence Act, 2011 at section 84 (4) that deal with how to administer electronic evidence. The book will be looking at the absence of express provisions for the admissibility of online oral evidence as direct evidence; failure to define vital words such as computer evidence; absence of a simple format on the certificate of compliance provided in section 84 (4) evidence Act 2011; lack of schedules to describe or provide examples of electronically generated evidence; failure to set up a commission or committee to monitor the implementation and compliance with the provision of section 84 of the evidence act.

The Laplace transform emerges as a potent mathematical tool that transcends diverse realms of engineering and science. As engineering problems escalate in complexity, this transform offers a streamlined approach to navigating these challenges. By converting intricate differential equations into readily solvable problems within the Laplace domain, this book empowers you to unravel their solutions with remarkable ease. Subsequently, the inverse Laplace transform seamlessly guides you back to the solutions in the original domain.

This article dives into the world of case studies, unpacking their essence, different approaches, and strengths and weaknesses. It then provides a roadmap for conducting a case study, showcasing its application in various contexts and highlighting its potential impact. Beyond being a common social research tool, this article delves deeper, exploring the philosophical underpinnings that shape different case study styles, discussing factors for effectiveness, and engaging in the debate on its ability to generate broader theories. Ultimately, it aims to spark your interest and invite you to contribute your own insights, enriching the methodology of case studies with fresh perspectives.

The video shot boundary detection (SBD) is crucial for video processing applications including indexing, browsing, and video retrieval. The Exchange of information via video is much popular and there is a huge collection of video information available over internet. In video retrieval and indexing, the correct shot boundary detection is an essential task. There are two types of shot boundary detection, as Abrupt transition and Gradual Transition, the shot identification is still difficult, especially when there are gradual transitions in the video. The suggested method accurately detects abrupt and gradual transitions specifically, fade-in and fade-out. This method makes use of FAPG filtering action that helps in reducing the false detection under illumination effects.

Welcome to the illuminating world of "Click Catalyst: Understanding and Optimizing Online Search for Marketers". This book serves as your compass through the ever-evolving terrain of digital marketing, providing a comprehensive exploration of strategies, insights, and emerging trends that define the contemporary marketing landscape. In the fast-paced realm where technology and consumer behaviour converge, our journey begins with an Introduction that sets the stage for a deep dive into the intricacies of digital marketing. We unravel the essence of online promotion, from its humble beginnings to the sophisticated methodologies employed by marketers today. This book is not just a guide; it's a roadmap crafted for both seasoned professionals looking to refine their strategies and newcomer's eager to navigate the digital landscape with confidence. Each chapter unfolds a new dimension, from understanding the fundamental principles in the introductory chapters to exploring advanced strategies and emerging technologies in subsequent sections.

This book is an introductory part of the my research work on the ZnO based composite. We have studied thoroughly structural, electrical and transport properties of the ZnO based composite. This book will serve as an ready reference for the young readers to understand about ZnO based composites and it's application in various fields. The series of ZnO based composite materials will be published in upcoming series of books.

Dental surgery known as periodontal surgery is used to prevent or treat abnormalities of the bone, gingiva, or alveolar mucosa that are caused by trauma, development, anatomy, or plaque. Chronic periodontitis is defined as an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of teeth caused by groups of specific microorganisms, resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with either pocket formation or recession, or both. The aim of effective treatment of periodontal diseases is to arrest the inflammatory disease process by removing the subgingival biofilm to establish a local environment compatible with periodontal health. So, this book Focuses on the different types of Periodontal Flap Surgery.

This book explores the transformative impact of digital technology on various aspects of prosthodontics, highlighting advances in digital imaging, computer-aided design, internet communication, digital manufacturing, and new materials. The book discusses the influence of digitization on teaching, patient education, practice management, and clinical treatment procedures in contemporary prosthodontics. From digital radiographs facilitating diagnoses to CAD-CAM ceramics improving aesthetics and function, the utilization of rapid prototyping and stereolithography for prosthesis fabrication, the technologies discussed promise higher predictability, convenience, and reduced treatment sessions. However, the adoption of new treatment protocols is not without controversy, necessitating further research and validation. The book emphasizes the need for future clinical research to focus on evidence-based dentistry and standardized methods, providing opportunities to advance complete denture therapy and contribute to dental education, public health programs, and clinical research.

Most of companies attempt to offer superior experience to their customers by giving online shopping experience. Customers tend to give their shopping experience through online comments and reviews. The purpose of this book was to gain a better understanding of The Impact of Electronic Word of Mouth on Consumer Purchase Intention in an Electronic Fashion Industry Based on a detailed literature review, a frame of reference was developed. This book will contribute to the academic literature by bridging the gap in knowledge and providing practical insights for the local electronic fashion industry.

The seismic response evolution of precast concrete structures with dampers has Initial excitation triggers response in the structure. Dampers absorb and dissipate energy, reducing structural vibrations. Precast elements provide inherent stiffness and strength. Dampers enhance structural resilience against seismic forces. Over time, seismic activity may induce cyclic loading on the structure. Dampers continue to mitigate dynamic response, maintaining structural integrity. Monitoring systems track performance and assess damper effectiveness. Long-term behavior reveals durability and reliability of the damping system. Seismic events may necessitate periodic maintenance and inspection. Overall, precast concrete structures with dampers exhibit improved seismic performance and resilience over their lifespan.

"Probiotics and Oral Health" delves into the intricate relationship between probiotics and oral wellness, uncovering their potential in promoting a healthy mouth and overall well-being. This book navigates through various aspects of probiotics' impact on oral health, providing insights into their definition, historical context, sources, and and its application. The book extends its exploration to special populations, particularly children with unique oral health needs. It delves into the potential benefits of probiotics in managing oral health challenges in special children, offering strategies for optimizing oral hygiene and addressing specific concerns. "Probiotics and Oral Health" serves as a comprehensive guide, bridging the gap between scientific research and practical applications in oral care. It empowers readers to leverage the potential of probiotics for cultivating a healthy smile and fostering optimal oral wellness.

This book is intended to aid demystify and explain the intelligence responses required for the emerging global threat; the subject is critical especially after the event of 9/11 strategic surprise on the American soil, the Russian- Ukraine war, Israeli-Haman war, China-Taiwan tension escalation and about two decade of ISIS, ISWAP, and Boko Haram terrorist activities in the Sahel region of West Africa in general and North-East, Nigeria in particular, among other security threats globally; that states are now forced to operate in a complex and uncertain international environment. Economic, political, military, educational, social, health, religious, cultural, and environmental challenges today are as important to a nations' national security as border issues and stability have been in the past. This book is targeted to expose students of Intelligence and Security Studies (ISS), on why states coordinates and direct their resources- economic, political and otherwise for the attainment of their objectives.

Оптимізації систем контролю в ядерній енергетиці з метою забезпечення необхідної надійності та безпечної експлуатації - є необхідним елементом ефективного функціонування АЕС. З одного боку, підвищення безпеки та ефективності вимагає збільшення обсягів та періодичності контролю, а з іншого - надмірне збільшення може вести до непотрібних витрат та обмежень. Автор наголошує на актуальності оптимізації в рамках загальної концепції ALARA, спрямованої на досягнення найнижчих можливих рівнів опромінення. Використання ризик-орієнтованих підходів та технічних обґрунтувань є ефективними методами оптимізації систем контролю.

This book underscores the importance of optimizing land use allocation by smallholder farmers in Mufindi district to maximize profit and ensure food security. The findings suggest that a balanced approach, integrating both food crop cultivation and tree plantation, can yield optimal results. Moreover, the study highlights the significance of various factors such as land size, awareness of land use policy, access to market information, and availability of labor in influencing land allocation decisions. Addressing these factors can enhance smallholder farmers' profitability and overall food security. The optimal land use strategy involves a multi-dimensional approach that integrates short-term food production with long-term income generation from timber trees.This approach not only maximizes profit but also improves household food security status over time. Therefore, policies and interventions aimed at supporting smallholder farmers should prioritize strategies that promote diversified and sustainable land use practices, thereby fostering both economic prosperity and food security at the household level.

The study aimed to assess investors' knowledge of financial market trends and their willingness to invest, with a focus on public sector workers in Ghana. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, it was found that investors engage in various types of investments and rely on sources like financial news websites and brokerage firms for information. The study highlighted investors as active seekers of information, with a moderate level of financial literacy. It concluded that financial knowledge positively influences investment decisions and recommended ongoing financial education programs to enhance literacy levels among investors in Ghana.

The exploration and exploitation of Oil and gas has effects on groundwater; which is a vital natural resource necessary for daily consumption and human sustenance. The production of the 2 products mentioned above is closely linked to 2 disciplines -Energy and Environmental Law. Two technologies in the United States, have unlocked Oil and gas from shale -Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. Operators using both technologies use water mixed with small amounts of proppants and other chemicals to fracture the shale rock so that oil and gas may flow through them. Groundwater supply is most of the water needed for hydraulic fracturing in areas that lack available surface water. The potential to impacts on drinking water resources from hydraulic fracturing water withdrawals are highest in areas with high fracturing water use and low water availability. Recent complaints filed indicate water that is considered "potentially usable" by regulatory definition cannot be used for domestic, agricultural or industrial purposes without blending and treatment. By dint of the above, treatment is necessary to render water extracted from the affected zone usable.

Matrix converters are an innovative class of power electronic converters that offer direct AC-to-AC conversion without the need for intermediate DC stages, providing advantages in efficiency, size, and power quality. This paper presents an overview of matrix converter technology, including operating principles, topologies, switching strategies, advantages, challenges, and applications. Various control techniques and modulation strategies are discussed to achieve optimal performance and efficiency. Additionally, emerging trends and future prospects in matrix converter research and development are explored, highlighting their potential contributions to renewable energy systems, motor drives, aerospace, automotive, and other industrial applications. Through comprehensive analysis and discussion, this paper aims to provide insights into the capabilities and advancements of matrix converters, contributing to the understanding and advancement of power electronic systems.

Drying is a method used to process and preserve food products and crops for long time period. Drying of crops/food items in open conditions under the sun was presumably one of the conscious and purposeful technological activity undertaken since long. With the awareness of inadequacies involved in open sun drying like requirement of large area, possibilities of quality degradation due to air pollution and infestation caused by birds/insects and difficulties in controlling the drying process; a more scientific method of solar energy utilization started with the development of solar crop dryer. Mechanized form of dryers involve expensive equipment and require large amount of fuel or electricity. Solar crop drying refers to methods of using sun radiation for drying under controlled conditions and this technology has been rapidly gaining acceptance as safe and energy saving measure in crop drying applications. In the present book, authors reported an experimental investigation on performance of domestic type solar crop dryer with various modifications under both free and forced convection conditions by using ginger and green chilli crops.