Bøger udgivet af LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

As we face global population growth, increased competition for land and water resources from industrial and urban growth, climate change and the need to protect the environment, we need new solutions to increasing agricultural productivity to combat hunger and poverty. One particularly effective form of bioconversion biotechnology is mushroom cultivation for food, and also for the production of mushroom derived substances. Mushroom production is so far the most profitable way of utilizing ligno-cellulose containing waste materials into foods of higher yields, protein and gross energy per unit area of land. This book investigates the effect of compost size/height, composting period and supplementation on the yield of mushrooms. Mushrooms are gaining popularity due to its nutritive, medicinal and spiritual uses.

Persistent homology has become an important tool in non-linear data reduction. Its sister theory, Persistent cohomology, has attracted less attention in the past eventhough it has many advantages. We surveyed several literatures and present a summary of the status quo in persistent (co)homology covering the theory, computations, representations in terms of cycles (for persistent homology) and cocycles (for persistent cohomology), lens (quotient) space and their equivalence. Moreover, we computed the persistent homology and persistent cohomology for the 2 - sphere both manually and computationally (Using Ripserer). In both cases, same result was obtained, particularly in the computation of their barcodes much more that persistent cohomology is not only faster in computation than persistent homology, but also uses less memory in a little time.

The science of hydrology is the basis of decision-making in water resources and the assessment of related risks such as floods, droughts and pollution. Despite the vital importance of this science for society, this scientific field is facing a severe lack of data in spatial and temporal domains. In the third world and low-income countries, due to the limitation of data and statistical information and the high cost of the monitoring process, they face a lack of data. Therefore, data collected by local communities and volunteers and monitoring through people is an effective method in this field. The underground water reserves, despite being hidden from human sight, have been regarded as the most important sources of water supply in most parts of the world for many years. These valuable resources, which cannot be imagined in nature, have undergone many quantitative and qualitative changes today. An example of these changes can be the illegal withdrawal of underground water tables, which has caused an exponential drop in the level of underground water and the destruction of the quality of these hidden waters.

DENTAL IMPLANT BIOMATERIALS A MUST FOR PROSTHODONTIC STUDENTS AND RESEARCH SCHOLARS. This book Dental Implant Biomaterials is specially designed for prosthodontic Student and research scholars. This book gives full details of implant biomaterials. This book will help research scholars during their curriculum related activity. This book will also be helpful for general practitioners doing implant practice.

The essential concept of C programming revolves around mastering the fundamental principles of procedural programming and understanding the language's syntax, data types, and control structures. A crucial aspect is the emphasis on manual memory management, providing programmers with direct control over memory allocation and deallocation. The book likely covers the importance of pointers and their role in manipulating memory addresses efficiently. Additionally, C's modular approach through functions and the concept of libraries is likely highlighted, encouraging the creation of modular and reusable code. The understanding of input/output operations, file handling, and the use of structures and unions to organize and represent data further solidifies a comprehensive grasp of C programming concepts. The book may also delve into advanced topics like dynamic memory allocation, recursion, and the preprocessor directives, empowering programmers to write efficient and robust code in the C language.

The Historical Context of the philosophical debate relating to the issue of whether Artificial Intelligence is anything more than a hypothetical metaphor awaiting more exact characterisation dates back to the 1940's and 50's. The central figure who initiated this discussion was, of course Alan Turing, the mathematical genius who worked with English military intelligence on the Enigma Project. The invention of ACE(The automatic computing engine) and its role in solving a problem that had defeated the best minds in England was the initiating event of the claim that machines of this kind were in a sense "intelligent". Intelligence, of course, is a psychological term with a contested psychological definition as was evidenced by the discussions that followed Piaget's theories and the attempts to constructive tools to measure this elusive capacity. This work argues that it is to Philosophy we must turn if we are to clarify a problem that was challenging theoreticians of the scientific and psychological community.

Pharmacy research and innovation are dynamic fields at the intersection of science, technology, and healthcare. Advances in drug discovery, formulation, and the integration of cutting-edge technologies are shaping the future of pharmaceuticals, offering the potential for more effective treatments and improved patient outcomes. Addressing challenges and fostering collaboration are critical for sustaining progress in this rapidly evolving landscape.

In this book, the authors mentioned the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications for mining engineering. Firstly, the ANSYS program is briefly explained and the literature is examined. Rock mechanics is an essential subject for mining engineering. It is modeled to inform the material properties. A tough stone was given for example. The mine ventilation is done correctly to prevent explosions. Therefore, the fan blade design and fan performance are modeled. The methane and air mixture (two-phase) behavior is also simulated in an underground coal mine. Dust modeling is done to prevent dust explosions in underground mines. Finally, the sealing material as concrete is modeled in underground mines.

This textbook offers a unified engineering perspective on Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic. The authors guide readers swiftly and succinctly through the intricate subjects of neural networks, fuzzy logic, and the mathematical modeling of Fuzzy Logic Control. The theory of fuzzy logic provides a mathematical framework to capture uncertainties related to human cognitive processes, such as thinking and reasoning. Conventional methods for knowledge representation lack the means to signify the meaning of fuzzy concepts. The authors discuss fundamental ideas and elucidate various techniques using numerous examples. This book is an ideal text for students majoring in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, and Information Technology at the undergraduate level.