Bøger udgivet af Kassel University Press

Die additive Fertigung mit ihrem schichtweisen Aufbau bietet eine Vielzahl attraktiver Eigenschaften wie eine noch nie dagewesene Gestaltungsfreiheit und maßgeschneiderte mechanische Eigenschaften. Unter anderem erlaubt das pulverbettbasierte Laserstrahlschmelzen von Metallen (PBF-LB/M) die Herstellung hochkomplexer Teile mit einem Minimum an Nachbearbeitungsaufwand. Da die additiven Fertigungsverfahren jedoch vergleichsweise neu sind, gibt es noch einige offene Fragen bezüglich der Prozess-Mikrostruktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehung zu klären. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Prozessabweichungen, die einen nicht-idealen Prozesszustand darstellen, auf die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Eisen- und Aluminiumbasislegierungen untersucht. Aufgrund der großen Anzahl unterschiedlicher Prozessabweichungen konzentrierte sich diese Arbeit auf drei exemplarische, nicht-ideale Prozesse, d.h. Prozessunterbrechungen, die Verwendung von nicht-sphärischen Pulvern und einen variierenden Prozessgasstrom. Durch den Einsatz hochauflösender elektronenmikroskopischer Analysemethoden sowie der Röntgentomographie konnten tiefe Einblicke in die Mikrostruktur und die Defektbildungsmechanismen gewonnen werden. Der Einfluss von Mikrostruktur und Defekten auf die Schädigungsentwicklung unter mechanischer Belastung wurde analysiert und eine Modellidee für eine robuste Produktion abgeleitet und mit bestehenden Konzepten diskutiert.

This research aims to develop a hybrid methodology to support lean management to improve the sustainability of the construction phase. The combination of Value Stream Mapping and Process-based Life Cycle Assessment is enhanced by integrating with simulation methods to consider the environmental performance of the construction phase. Data from predefined process patterns, Life Cycle Assessment databases, and Building Information Modelling models, are used as input to the simulation-based Value Stream Mapping model. This methodology will enable an examination of the environmental impact of particular situations as what-if scenarios, during the planning and construction phases, without compromising the achievement of the construction process objectives.

The development of lawful systems is vital in today¿s world. Legal disputes and the advent of regulations pose challenges for developers. At the same time, the application of systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) has gained importance. AI-based systems represent new possibilities in areas such as everyday life and learning situations. However, these systems often lead to legal issues and burden developers with additional development challenges. Designing lawful but equally user-friendly AI-based systems requires consideration of legal requirements to avoid privacy concerns and violations.This dissertation adopts a design science research approach to develop legal design patterns that codify proven legal design knowledge. The dissertation demonstrates how the developed design patterns can be used by developers for the design of lawful AI-based systems, and at the same time support legal experts in making legal judgments. As such, it provides a foundation for codifying legal design knowledge.

Brand Equity Planning with Structuralist Rhetorical Semiotics furnishes an innovative conceptual model and methodology for brand equity planning, with view to addressing a crucial gap in the existing marketing and semiotic literatures concerning how advertising multimodal textual elements may be transformed into brand associations, with an emphasis on rhetorical relata as modes of connectivity between a brand¿s surface and depth grammar. The scope of this project is inter-disciplinary, spanning research areas such as brand equity, structuralist semiotics, textual semiotics, visual and film semiotics, multimodal rhetoric, film theory, psychoanalysis. The proposed connectionist model of the brand trajectory of signification is operationalized through a methodological framework that encompasses a structuralist semiotic interpretative approach to the textual formation of brand equity, supported by quantitative content analysis with the aid of the software Atlas.ti and the application of multivariate mapping techniques.

This book discusses the results of an international project about new ways of organising health information. The project Chance ¿ Community Health Management to Enhance Behaviour ¿ based on the preliminary assumption that a local community¿s structure determines the perception of health information and health promotion in a specific way. Therefore the relevance of space in dailylife was the starting point for an interdisciplinary research in six European countries with very different frames of health systems.As it is obvious that knowledge of a healthy lifestyle is one essential factor for its implementation, the multiple offers of health information and education have their justification. But, the most effective offers are those that relate to a local community¿s specific needs. This book shows different ways to install tailored local projects. The main important keywords are participation, local networks and social cohesion. The idea of a ¿Community Health Management¿ outlined in the last chapter, is to change the perspective of health work.The project was funded in the EU Lifelong Learning Programme Grundtvig over two years. Here are presented the main results for stakeholders, students and researchers.

Cultural studies constitutes one of the most multi-perspectival research fields. Amidst a polyvocal theoretical landscape that spans different disciplines semiotics is of foundational value. In an attempt to effectively address the conceptual richness of the semiotic discipline, a wide roster of perspectives is evoked in this book against the background of a diverse set of cultural phenomena, including structuralist and post-structuralist semiotics, semiotically informed psychoanalysis, cultural semiotics, film semiotics, sociosemiotics, but also, to a lesser extent, music semiotics and more niche, but certainly promising perspectives, such as postmodern semiotics, ethnosemiotics, phenomenological semiotics and rhetorical semiotics. The recruitment of semiotic frameworks and concepts is enacted against the background of advances in cultural studies (thus reinstating the dialogue with a discipline that took form by drawing on semiotics in the first place) and the various research streams that have become consolidated within the wider cultural studies territory, such as memory studies, celebrity studies, death studies, cultural geography, visual studies. At the same time, the offered readings engage dialogically with Consumer Culture Theory.

This book explores the topic of pro-social rule-breaking ¿ more specifically, when employees break formal organizational rules intending to help the company. Generally, managers react to rule-breaking with sanctions; this may lead one to question why some employees break the rules without any apparent personal advantages despite the risk of being sanctioned.The first part of this book discusses the various reasons for rule-breaking based on literature. Leadership-related factors are notably important: how leaders have reacted to pro-social rule-breaking in the past often influences future employee behavior.For this reason, the second part of this book empirically deals with the leadership perspective, which has been largely neglected in research so far. In response to pro-social rule-breaking, leaders face a dilemma because they are subject to competing demands: ensuring rule compliance versus goal achievement.Therefore, the goal of this book is to research and identify cues that leders use to rationalize their response to pro-social rule-breaking. In this way, I aim to create a better understanding of responses to well-intentioned rule-breaking.

The object of the research work is the analysis of the multilevel protection of the human right to water and the current degree of implementation that it has received in international, European, and national law, comparing the Italian and German contexts from the constitutional law perspective. Given the absence of an express recognition of the human right to water, another research question concerns the examination of the mechanisms of multilevel protection of human rights, assessing whether the relationships between the different levels of protection can contribute to the realisation of this fundamental human right.The research analyses the main sources of law and jurisprudence of each examined context, to understand the legal basis for the recognition of the human right to water, considering both the necessary protection of environmental aspects, as well as social and economic ones, fundamental for its full realisation. The analysis of normative and jurisprudential sources is supported by the examination of the most relevant doctrine.

In this study experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out with the emphasis on studying the behaviour and liquefaction state of typical silty sand sampled from the Mekelle area in Ethiopia under monotonic and cyclic undrained loadings. Experiments have been carried out to measure the pore pressure accumulation, deformation characteristics and related effective stress paths. A numerical model was then used to simulate the behaviour and liquefaction state associated with the changes in the stress-strain-pore pressure levels by means of the finite element method (FEM) using the FE code Tochnog (Tochnog Professional Company 2021).

This research focused on the development of an agent-based model of livestock herds in semi-arid rangeland and its application in view of the sustainable use of natural resources and effects of climate change.

This thesis argues, that the dominant focus on large-scale appropriations obscures slower processes of Land Grabbing that might take place gradually on a smaller scale. Members of local communities come into particular focus as their land, which serves as a basis for self-sufficiency and collective identity, is highly affected by land acquisitions. To make such a process visible, we collected and analysed qualitative data from twenty local communities around the world. Our results show a characterization of, what we call, ¿Micro Land Grabbing¿ by analysing the actors involved, conflicts and effects as well as possible reactions to such land appropriations. This thesis identifies dynamics that intend to facilitate working with a less regarded, but equally important form of Land Grabbing and shows how the concept sheds new light on a hidden process. Therefore, it contributes to the alternative debate on Land Grabbing.

Efficient labeling is an important topic in machine learning research as classifiers need labeled data. Whereas unlabeled data is easily gathered, labeling is exhausting, time-consuming, or expensive and should, therefore, be reduced to a minimum. Active learning aims to actively select useful, unlabeled instances for label acquisition to reduce the labeling effort while providing labeled training data such that the classifier performs well. This thesis proposes Probabilistic Active Learning, a holistic, decision-theoretic framework for active learning that enables optimization for every performance measure and classifier. Using the holistic mathematical description, we can define an upper baseline for active learning and identify theoretical similarities to other selection strategies. We evaluate our approach on 22 datasets for six different performance measures. Moreover, we show that our approach can be applied to multiple classifiers and can be used for batch selection. In another scenario, called transductive active learning, we provide a set of unlabeled instances and ask the active learning algorithm to return the correct labels only for this set. In contrast to the standard (inductive) scenario, where we aim to build a general classifier, we can either ask an oracle to provide the correct labels or use the classifier to predict the label. We introduce a new cost-based performance measure for transductive active learning and show the superiority of our probabilistic approach.

The digitalization is currently fundamentally changing our world of work. One important trend in this context is the ¿platform economy¿, with crowdworking platforms as an increasingly relevant platform type. Many of these crowdworking platforms and their surrounding work systems including participants, nformation, technologies, as well as processes and activities, are comparatively new and often designed incrementally. What is currently still lacking is systematic knowledge about the efficient design of such crowdworking platform systems (CWPS). This dissertation provides such design knowledge in the form of a nascent design theory. One important focus lies on the question how such CWPS should be designed to also use this novel form of work organization for more complex work. This dissertation furthermore shows how a close interlinking of external crowds and internal employees of an organization helps to harness the advantages of crowdworking while at the same time mitigates its disadvantages.