Bøger udgivet af Institute of Physics Publishing

The book provides a concise introduction into inverse modeling, i.e the theory and methods of inverse problems and data assimilation. Inverse problems are widely spread today in science and technology, ranging from data analysis and modeling in science to remote sensing in industrial and natural applications as well as medical imaging and non-destructive testing. Further applications come from the data assimilation task, i.e. the use of inverse methods to control dynamical systems and provide initial states for forecasting, which is of central importance in weather and climate science and an emerging technique in neuroscience and medicine.

Digital Informatics and Isotopic Biology proposes a new niche in physics, is fully original in its scope and message, and its potential will likely be unfolded in the years ahead. In time, this book may be seen as a foundational monograph and the founding document of the entire emerging areas of isotopicity and isotopic biology.

Principles ofLightning Physics presents and discusses the most up-to-date physicalconcepts that govern many lightning events in nature, including lightninginteractions with man-made structures, at a level suitable for researchers,advanced students and well-educated lightning enthusiasts.

Fourier optics, being a staple of optical design and analysis for over 50 years, has produced many new applications in recent years. In this text, Bob Tyson presents the fundamentals of Fourier optics with sufficient detail to educate the reader, typically an advanced student or working scientist or engineer, to the level of applying the knowledge to a specific set of design or analysis problems. Instead of presenting complex multipage proofs the key results are presented with appropriate literature references, before proceeding to look at modern applications. This allows readers to take away a solid appreciation of the principles to enable them to appreciate the range of applications and be able to start using Fourier optics in their research or industrial work. Well aware that many of the mathematical techniques used in the field can now be solved digitally, the book will point to those methods or applicable computer software available to the reader.

The applications of nonlinear ultrafast spectroscopy are numerous and widespread, and it is an established and indispensable technique for revealing ultrafast processes in modern material, chemical and biochemical research. Unfortunately, it is also a topic that can be daunting to those meeting it for the first time. Assuming just an understanding of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, and making use of many worked examples and accompanied by MATLAB® codes for numerical simulations of spectra, this book delivers a practical and intuitive introduction to the subject for advanced students and researchers. It will also be useful for practitioners, who are already familiar with the subject, but who want to develop a more conceptual understanding. In this clear text, experienced practitioners present a simple and conceptually intuitive overview of ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy using the formalism of quantum processes and wavepacket dynamics. Using this unified framework, the authors provide the reader with simple analytical models, examples and concepts to understand the workings of nonlinear spectroscopy through a pedagogical and physically intuitive approach. The core of the book is the section on pump-probe spectroscopy, as on understanding its mathematical description, more complex and multidimensional spectroscopies become easily understood derivatives. Readers, once familiar with the material in this text, will be fully equipped with the tools to devise and undertake well reasoned spectroscopic experiments.

Whether you are studying or already using digital imaging techniques, developing proficiency in the subject is not possible without mastering practical skills. In this book, Prof. Yaroslavsky delivers a complete applied course in digital imaging aimed at advanced students and practitioners. Covering all areas of digital imaging, the text provides an outline of outlying principles of each topic while offering more than 80 MATLAB® based exercises. Subjects addressed embrace image digitization (discretization, quantization, compression), digital image formation and computational imaging, image resampling and building continuous image models, image and noise statistical characterization and diagnostics, statistical image models and pattern formation, image correlators for localization of objects, methods of image perfecting (denoising, deblurring), and methods of image enhancement. Key features include: Supports * studying of all aspects of digital imaging from image signal digitization to image parameter estimation, recovery, restoration and enhancement. * MATLAB® source codes for exercises are provided, which readers can modify for their particular needs and tastes, to design new exercises and, in addition, to use them for solving particular image-processing tasks. * Test signals and images provided in the book, as well as methodology of the experiments, will be useful for readers in their further studies and practical work. * Exercises are supported by outlines of the corresponding theory. The book offers a unique combination of exercises, supportive software and data set that can be used not only for studying the subject, but in further practical work.

By colliding heavy ions at nearly the speed of light, scientists are exploring our physical world and conditions at the beginning of the universe. High energy nuclear physics has implications in our understanding of nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics, cosmology and condensed-matter physics and this text provides the foundation for a range of graduate students and researchers in both experimental and theoretical high energy nuclear physics and allied fields. This text introduces the subject of relativistic high-energy heavy-ion collisions and in particular, the subject of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Starting with a conceptual basis for QGP formation in heavy-ion collisions, the author then proceeds to provide a more rigorous foundation by introducing gauge theory, QCD and lattice QCD. These topics are introduced briefly but with sufficient coverage that the reader can comprehend their applications in heavy-ion collisions. Two-particle correlation (Hanbury-Brown-Twiss) method and recent advances in hydrodynamical modelling, including event-by-event hydrodynamics are also discussed, bringing the coverage up to the leading areas of current research.

The primary aim of the book is the understanding of the foundations of classical and modern physics, while their application to celestial mechanics is used to illustrate these concepts. The accompanying simulation programs create vivid and lasting impressions of the investigated phenomena, and provide students and their instructors with a powerful tool to explore basic concepts that are difficult to study and teach in an abstract conventional manner.

Renewable energy is a fast-expanding field, welcomed by many as part of the answer to climate change and energy security concerns; but can renewables deliver enough energy reliably and economically? Rapid expansion continues in the area of renewable energy, with wind capacity expected to double over the next five years and PV solar perhaps treble in the same period. There have been some dramatic projections of potential expansion longer term, with some studies now suggesting that renewables could supply all, or nearly all, electricity needs globally and perhaps also all energy needs by 2050. In this book, David Elliott conveys the sense of excitement that abounds in this new area of technological development not only reviewing the basic technological options and how renewable technologies are being implemented and used around the world, but also considers the problems, including local environmental impacts and the need to deal with the variability of some renewable energy sources. Dividing the renewable energy supply options into those based on mechanical power, heat and light it also looks at some related energy-conversion options, including fuel cells, heat pumps and cogeneration/combined heat and power. The author explores how these new sources can be integrated and used together with technologies for reducing energy waste and demand to replace conventional energy sources and ensure a balance of supply and demand. After reviewing the renewable energy options, the book then considers implementation and policy issues, including storage and grid balancing; aspects that will play a critical role in the creation of sustainable, clean and viable renewable energy solutions. This is not a textbook - there are plenty available - instead the book reviews what is happening across this field at this time of great change and rapid development. Supplemented with many case studies and links to information sources, this book will be essential reading for scientists, engineers, policymakers and anybody involved with, or interested in, the implementation of green and renewable energy technologies, and the environmental aspects of modern energy demands.