Bøger udgivet af Institute of Physics Publishing

Sun Protection differentiates itself from other texts by adopting a risk-management approach to determine whether, how, and in what circumstances, harm might be caused, and to explore the feasibility of various strategies in controlling exposure to solar UV radiation.

Some Critical Questions in Biological Physics discusses 18 key questions in biological physics, each forming independent chapters that will, by presenting the research in terms of key, unsolved problems, encourage interest in the field. It also provides useful reading for undergraduate physical scientists considering a career in this area.

The material presented in this book is at the cutting-edge of global oncology and provides highly illuminating examples, addresses frequently asked questions, and provides information and a reference for future work in global oncology care, research, education, and outreach.

This book deals with the shock physics of solids. Comprising of two volumes, this work covers physical, material, mechanical and thermodynamic fundamentals. Volume 2, Materials and shock response, addresses equation of state in the shockwave and the response to shock of various material classes.

Optical techniques such as electronic speckle pattern interferometry, holographic interferometry, and fringe projection have emerged as the prominent tools for non-contact measurements, with applications ranging from biology to materials science. In these processes, information about the measured physical quantity is stored in the phase or associated derivatives of an interference fringe pattern. Consequently, a reliable estimation of phase and its derivatives, commonly referred to as fringe analysis becomes a primary requirement for the application and interpretation of these optical techniques. Here, leading researchers in fringe analysis methods present a review of the tools and methods of multicomponent fringe analysis and interferometric data, and outline a wide range of digital signal-processing-based interferometric data-processing techniques.

Design and Shielding of Radiotherapy Treatment Facilities provides readers with a single point of reference for protection advice to the construction and modification of radiotherapy facilities. The book assembles a faculty of national and international experts on all modalities including megavoltage and kilovoltage photons, brachytherapy and high-energy particles, and on conventional and Monte Carlo shielding calculations. This book is a comprehensive reference for qualified experts and radiation-shielding designers in radiation physics and also useful to anyone involved in the design of radiotherapy facilities.

Aimed at scientists and engineers who specialise in integrated electro-mechanical drives, as well as researchers and students, this fundamental guide to the practical applications of mechatronics is applicable to transportation systems, industrial production processes, aerospace, aviation and automotive industries.

Building on the earlier edition it now encapsulates the substantial developments that have been made in supersymmetric quantum mechanics in recent years. Aimed at graduate students and scientists this book provides a thorough review supersymmetric quantum mechanics and now includes problems and solutions.

Optical Properties of Graphene in Magnetic and Electric Fields provides a synthesis of up to date research on the optical properties of graphene, drawing from both experimental and theoretical research. The focus is primarily on multilayer graphenes with a focus on Landau-level spectra and the generalised tight-binding model.

Written for sensor and instrumentation scientists and engineers, this book reviews the fundamentals of wearable sensors, their function, design and fabrication. It looks at advanced aspects including interface electronics and signal processing for easy interpretation of data, data transmission, data networking, data security, and privacy.

Commencing with a review of the characteristics of RF-MEMS in relation to 5G, the book proceeds to develop practical insight concerning the design and development of RF-MEMS including case studies of design concepts. Including multiphysics simulation and animated figures - essential reading for academic and industrial researchers and engineers

This book covers the principles, advantages and potential pitfalls that occur in proton therapy, especially its radiobiological modelling applications. It is intended to educate, inform and stimulate further research questions by blending the relevant physics, biology and medical aspects of this multidisciplinary subject.

The book provides a detailed overview of the risks associated with climate change for urban areas, including those risks to human health as well as to building integrity, the physical processes involved, and presents key information in which way the risks can be reduced and urban areas made more resilient.

This book explores the role Dutch scholars played in the development of instruments and technology in the 17th Century that would allow sailors to accurately and precisely determine their position, in particular longitude, using the motions of the Sun/stars together with accurate time-pieces.

This unique book is a compendium of carefully curated published papers in the biosciences, which have (or will) precipitate a profound change in prevailing paradigms and research programs. A mix of new and classic papers, it shows the limitations of current thought or identifies novel vistas for investigations that have not yet been explored.

This book is devoted to the variety of ways that scientists are expected to communicate in their day-to-day professional lives, providing advice on how to publish your work in scientific journals, apply for grants, effectively communicate your research to both scientific and non-scientific audiences, as well as dealing with the media.

Electronic devices and circuits are employed by a range of industries in testing conditions from extremes of high- or low-temperature, in chemically corrosive environments, subject to shock and vibration or exposure to radiation. There are numerous challenges for the engineer to develop electronic components and devices that can operate in such difficult environmental conditions or in situations where long-term reliability is critical where a failure would lead to safety risks and substantial costs. Examples of such applications include aerospace and automotive engineering, chemical plants, oil-well drilling and implanted medical devices.This book describes the diverse measures necessary to make electronics capable of coping with such situations as well as to gainfully exploit any new phenomena that take place only under these conditions. These precautionary measures begin right at the outset during the conception stage of an electronic circuit in reference to the conditions under which it is planned to function, and must be addressed at all stages commencing from device or circuit design to its fabrication and encapsulation, including proper choice of constructional materials. Superconducting electronics, which can function only at very low temperatures, is included. The book treats the subject in its entirety maintaining full rigour and lucidity of approach, covering both theoretical and experimental aspects in a comprehensive manner. Research endeavours of scientists have led to interesting technological breakthroughs in this swiftly progressing field, and the book provides up-to-date coverage of the topic for industrial and academic researchers.

This book describes low- frequency waves and turbulence in magnetized laboratory plasmas and in the ionosphere. Part One discusses relevant plasma instabilities and the free energy that drives them. Part Two looks at nonlinear models and the interactions of many modes are discussed. Theoretical tools for turbulence modelling are also outlined.

Advanced Digital Imaging Laboratory Using MATLAB(R), second edition, expands on the practical experience in digital imaging techniques covered by the first edition and includes formulation of the major theoretical results that underlie the exercises as well as introducing modern concepts and new techniques and numerous MATLAB(R) exercises.

Written as an introductory textbook for advanced students, it can be used by teachers and students both in lessons and independently. It includes subject knowledge and pedagogical support for teachers of mechatronics. This title will also be an essential reference for practising scientists and engineers working in the field of mechatronics.

Following their first observation in small area silicon MOSFETs in 1984, random telegraph signals (RTS) were initially a purely scientific tool to study fundamental aspects of defects in semiconductor devices. However, as devices move to the nanometer scale, particularly memory devices and logic circuits, and in the development of alternatives to silicon MOSFETS, RTS have become an issue of major concern to the semiconductor industry. Moreover, following the move to the nanoscale, the devices will become more susceptible to single-trap random telegraph signal effects. It is clear that the successors to planar silicon transistors, including nanowire devices, tunnel field effect transistors, and carbon nanotubes are equally sensitive or even more so than current CMOS devices.It has become clear that the reliability of state-of-the-art and future CMOS technology nodes is dominated by RTS and single trap phenomema, and so its understanding is of vital importance for the modelling and simulation of the operation and the expected lifetime of CMOS devices and circuits. It is the aim of this book to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of one of the most challenging issues facing the semiconductor industry, from the fundamentals of RTS to applied technology.

Circuit theory is one of the most important tools of the electrical engineer. Circuits have charges and currents that produce electric and magnetic fields, as such they can be considered electromagnetic systems and they can be analysed starting from the general electromagnetic-field equations. Indeed, circuit theory is an approximate theory that can be derived with suitable approximations from Maxwell’s equations. Despite this, in university courses, electromagnetism and circuit theory are often considered to be two separate subjects, and at an advanced level, students can lack a basic understanding of the classical electromagnetism applied in the context of electric circuits to fully appreciate and apply circuit theory and understand its limitations. Here the authors build on their graduate teaching experiences and lectures to treat these topics as a single subject and derive and present the important results from circuit analyses, such as Kirchhoff’s laws and Ohm’s law, using the ideas of the classical electromagnetism. This includes the introduction of the idea of the surface charges in electrical circuits. This approach will help the students strengthen their conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of electricity and the way in which current flows through the circuits.The book will be suitable for graduate-level courses, especially in electrical engineering and applied physics, and features problems, examples, case studies and lab experiments.

Plasma Modeling: Methods and applications presents the different approaches that can be adopted for plasma modeling, giving details about theory and methods. The book is intended to assist students and researchers, who want to start research activity in the field of plasma physics, in the choice of the best model for the problem of interest.

The mathematical method of composites has reached a very high level of maturity, and developments have increased our understanding of the relationship between the microstructure of composites and their macroscopic behaviour.This book provides a self-contained unified approach to the mathematical foundation of the theory of composites, leading to the general theory of exact relations. It also provides complete lists of exact relations in many specific physically relevant contexts, such as conductivity, fibre-reinforced elasticity, piezoelectricity, thermoelectricity and more. Divided into three parts, the book starts with a development of the mathematical theory of composites before progressing to the general theory of exact relationships and concludes with complete lists of exact relations. Written in a two-layer structure, each chapter starts with a non-technical review that is supported by deeper rigorous mathematical proof, this book will be key reading for graduate students and researchers involved with understanding and modelling composite materials. The extensive collection of explicit exact relations will also make it a useful reference for engineers to want to use composites to create materials with specific properties. 

Written for researchers and postgraduate students with a background in physics or applied mathematics and a desire to apply their skills to problems in the life sciences, this beautifully illustrated and stimulating book develops an understanding of the gene-to-trait problem in the context of evolutionary dynamics, from the modern perspective of integrative biology. The gene-to-trait problem resides at the heart of a great many questions in biology. The author presents both elementary and advanced material in a way that brings out how this gene-to-trait problem is treated in the contexts of bioinformatics and evolutionary dynamics. Key ideas and techniques that underlie some of the most-used bioinformatics methods are discussed in an integrative context and a wide range of examples of mathematical models of living things is developed in an evolutionary framework.

Air-Puff Tonometers presents the latest achievements and research works in the area of intraocular pressure measurement by the air-puff method. This method is used, for example, by the Corvis(R) ST, owing to the ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug camera, which records corneal deformation being the response to an air puff. This book is recommended reading for those involved in the analysis and processing of images and wanting to expand their knowledge of contemporary diagnostic methods and image analysis.

One Physicist's Guide to Nuclear Weapons presents a truly global look at the history, use, and issues surrounding nuclear weapons from the perspective of physicist and writer Jeremy Bernstein. A first-hand witness to the development and science of nuclear weapons, he is in a unique position to highlight the ways in which nuclear weapons work with a writing style that is suitable for lay readers and scientists alike. Bernstein brings the reader on a journey from the Nevada nuclear- testing fields in the 1950's to the present day situations in Iran and North Korea, while delving into the physics and science behind the bomb. With an introduction by Sir Chris Llewellyn Smith, this book is a testament to the last seventy 70 years of the nuclear age, affecting every human being on the planet.

Based on the author's long-standing course, this book provides a complete and comprehensive text for students in physics, maths, chemistry and engineering needing a detailed introduction to quantum mechanics.

Theoretical Fluid Mechanics has been written to aid physics students who wish to pursue a course of self-study in fluid mechanics. It is a comprehensive, completely self-contained text with equations of fluid mechanics derived from first principles, and any required advanced mathematics is either fully explained in the text, or in an appendix. It is accompanied by about 180 exercises with completely worked out solutions.The book includes extensive sections on the application of fluid mechanics to topics of importance in astrophysics and geophysics. These topics include the equilibrium of rotating, self-gravitating, fluid masses; tidal bores; terrestrial ocean tides; and the Eddington solar model. It avoids empirical and semi-empirical approaches to fluid mechanics, and, instead, concentrates on that subset of fluid behavior that can be treated exactly. It is also restricted to classical, Newtonian, isotropic, and non-relativistic fluids.

Astrophysics of Red Supergiants is the first book of its kind devoted to our current knowledge of red supergiant stars, a key evolutionary phase that is critical to our larger understanding of massive stars. Red supergiants occupy a unique niche in massive stellar evolution as extremely large and cool stars, the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae, and potential probes of extragalactic stellar populations. As a result, these stars have enormous relevance to a broad range of current fields as well as the next generation of observing facilities.The book provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental physical properties of red supergiants, their evolution, and their extragalactic and cosmological applications. It serves as a reference for researchers from a broad range of fields (including stellar astrophysics, supernovae, and high-redshift galaxies) who are interested in red supergiants as extreme stages of stellar evolution, dust producers, supernova progenitors, extragalactic metallicity indicators, members of massive binaries and mergers, or simply as compelling objects in their own right. The book is accessible to a range of experience levels, from graduate students up to senior researchers.