Bøger udgivet af Institute of Physics Publishing

This volume aims to familiarize the reader with basic concepts of light propagation in the simplest class of media: linear, homogenous, dispersionless, and isotropic. After a review of Maxwell's equations in both integral and differential forms, the book describes the field propagation from elementary sources (dipoles) and in free space, in 1D, 2D, and 3D. Next, the material covers diffraction of light by a 2D screen, with various levels of approximations, emphasizing the wavevector space calculations. The ABCD matrix propagation is introduced as an efficient tool for both ray optics and Gaussian beam propagation. The volume ends with a chapter on propagation of field correlations, generalizing the coherence concepts introduced in Volume 1.Key Features: A homogeneous, self-consistent reference that covers this interdisciplinary field.Books are intended to be used as reference for a two-semester course on Principles of Biophotonics.Aim is not only to provide a "how to" user guide for these techniques, but to clearly present the optics foundation that allows them to function.

This text aims to present at a theoretical level the main aspects of high-power lasers interacting with nuclei and is intended for scientists and students interested in this new and challenging area of research.

VLSI is a well-established field of research that ignited the modern computing revolution. Serving as a guide to future developments, this book provides the frame of design, modeling concepts, and application of Image Processing based systems using VLSI design techniques. This volume focuses on biomedical applications where image processing-based hardware design is used for applications such as cancer detection, ECG, EEG measurements, medical imaging-based healthcare systems, and smart homes for elderly and disabled people. The book will help the research community to get in-depth knowledge of various systems that can be designed with image processing techniques using hardware.Key Features: Describes concepts of state-of-the-art Image processing-based VLSI Design.Describes the Hardware implementation of image and video processing algorithms.Offers real-time hardware system design for smart cities.Develops dedicated hardware design for medical image processing applications.Explores VLSI design for Cognitive Science, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality.

Quantitative phase Microscopy (QPM) has become an important imaging technique in biology for investigating cells and tissues. QPM is an optical interference or holographic microscopic technique in which an input light beam is divided into two beams and one passes through the object and the other acts as a reference beam.This book develops and describes the most advanced QPM techniques and computational imaging techniques using partially spatially coherent monochromatic light rather than highly coherent lasers. Using partially coherent light as a light source instead of a traditional laser has significantly improved QPM imaging results. Imaging techniques that will be discussed include speckle-free QPM both off-axis and common path interferometric configurations, structured illumination phase microscopy (SIPM), chip-based nanoscopy, machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in phase microscopy and OCT and Multi-spectral and hyper-spectral phase microscopy. Coherent-noise free QPM techniques described in this book leads to an order of magnitude improved spatial phase sensitivity, space-bandwidth product, and high temporal phase stability. The technique was utilized for sperm cells, macrophages, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, cancer cells and RBCs for precise QPM. We have demonstrated that partially spatially coherent monochromatic light is most suitable source for high precision QPM. The text is highly useful for biologists, optical engineers, optical scientists, researchers working in QPM and OCT, and graduate and post graduate students.Key FeaturesPresents advances in quantitative phase microscopy and applications for quantitative information.Includes strategies for generating spatially partially coherent monochromatic light.Presents coherence-artifacts free off-axis and common path QPM configurations and various algorithms, such as, Fourier Transform and Phase Shifting fringe analysis techniques for phase reconstruction.Describes advances in QPM and optical coherence tomography (OCT), such as, Machine learning, Support Vector Method and Artificial intelligence architecture for phase analysis.Contains experimental results on the QPM systems with partially spatially coherent light with significant improvement in spatial-phase sensitivity and phase measurement accuracy compared to coherent laser light.Contains label-free quantitative analysis of various biological cells and tissues, such as, sperm cells, macrophages, liver sinusoidal cells, and cancerous cells.Contains futuristic speckle-free multi-spectral and hyperspectral QPM techniques.

The timely text provides a review of the properties of tissue and tissue equivalent materials, including an overview of properties and measurement methodologies, as well as incorporating simulants, relevant sensor systems and data sets.

This book, aimed at researchers, practitioners and advanced students will bring the concepts of time and frequency domain reflectometry together, helping the reader develop a detailed understanding not only of each method, but of the relationships between them, and how they can each be used to their best advantage.

This book focuses on major trends and challenges in the area of diagnosing lung and kidney cancer using artificial intelligence tools. It presents work aimed to identify new techniques and their use in biomedical analysis.

Zero-dimensional nanomaterials exhibit unique properties, including high chemiluminescence and photoluminescence, due to their excellent quantum and edge confinement effects. This book covers the latest advances in the field, with a focus on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which have attracted significant interest due to the tunable emission of CQDs and the brilliant optical and electrochemical properties of GQDs.As these materials gain in popularity and as new findings are reported every day, this reference text brings together the most recent data, making it the first of its kind to support researchers in this rapidly developing field. Fundamentals, properties and synthesis methods are covered in detail, particularly photophysical and electrical properties, targeting researchers'' attention on various synthesis methods and enabling them to design more useful applications. Exploring potential applications in cancer diagnosis, bioimaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering, as well as the use of materials as sensors for detecting environmental pollutants, the book provides a comprehensive reference for researchers, postgraduates and industry practitioners researching zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials and their applications.KEY FEATURES: Presents the latest advances in the field of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, with a focus on carbon quantum dots and graphene quantum dotsCovers fundamentals, properties and synthesis methodsExplores applications in detailCovers applications including sensors, cancer diagnosis, bioimaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering

A valuable reference text for materials scientists and an essential text for any solid-state or electrical engineering student, this book summarises recent developments in the field of carbon materials, including their synthesis and allotropes, and the impact these have had on developmental science.

This book describes the accretion process onto white dwarf stars across a broad range of astrophysical settings from the accretion of tidally disrupted bodies in exoplanetary systems to cataclysmic variables, the classical nova explosions, and Type Ia supernova explosions triggered by accretion onto white dwarfs.