Bøger udgivet af Institute of Physics Publishing

This research and reference text explores the finer details of Deep Learning models. It provides a brief outline on popular models including convolution neural networks (CNN), deep belief networks (DBN), autoencoders, residual neural networks (Res Nets). The text discusses some of the Deep Learning-based applications in gene identification. Sections in the book explore the foundation and necessity of deep learning in radiology, the application of deep learning in the area of cardiovascular imaging and deep learning applications in the area of fatty liver disease characterization and COVID19, respectively.This reference text is highly relevant for medical professionals and researchers in the area of AI in medical imaging. Key Features: Discusses various diseases related to lung, heart, peripheral arterial imaging, as well as gene expression characterization and classificationExplores imaging applications, their complexities and the Deep Learning models employed to resolve them in detailProvides state-of-the-art contributions while addressing doubts in multimodal researchDetails the future of deep learning and big data in medical imaging

This book is a multidisciplinary introduction to quantum field theory. The topics covered in the second volume include advanced material, such as phase transitions, the renormalization group, fermions, gauge theories, the 1/N expansions, anomalies, soliton and instantons, and field theory at nonzero temperature and density.

Gas discharges and non-equilibrium low-temperature plasmas form the basis for most plasma technologies. This book introduces engineering and science students to the basic underlying physics and chemistry concepts that form the foundation of plasma science and engineering. It is an accessible primer directed primarily at those students who are unaware what a plasma or gas discharge is, nor have fundamental backgrounds in statistical thermodynamics, gas dynamics, fluid dynamics, or solid-state physics to effectively understand many plasma and gas discharge principles.The second edition covers additional topics such as gas breakdown leading to plasma initiation and the formation of sheaths, and discusses these within the context of a basic description of the most common plasma type, a dc glow discharge.This text is suitable for upper level undergraduate students, graduate students, and young researchers in physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering with interest in plasma science and engineering.Key Features: Useful for students learning about the foundations of plasma science and engineering without any prior plasma experience or knowledge.Written in an accessible and easy to read style.Organized around fundamental concepts, rather than starting with plasma-specific concepts.Written by a leading expert in the field of plasma science.

A unifying framework, based on Information Entropy and its maximization, to connect the phenomenology of evolutionary biology, community ecology, financial economics, and statistical physics, plus a forecasting method for important practical problems in these disciplines,

Applications of ultrashort pulses at different pumping wavelengths in various field of science and technology needs simple stat- of-the-art setups for the generation of high quality short temporal duration pulses. This book provides information on the existing optical pulse compression techniques, drawbacks occurred in each technique through the respecting nonlinear phenomenon responsible for the pulse propagation.Generating high energy few-cycle pulses in the visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum has become great interest for numerous applications. Hence, it requires pulse compression techniques to get few-cycle pulses at any desired wavelength with greater simplicity. There is no book currently available in market to understand compression techniques and their physical mechanism through optical fiber. This book provides information on various pulse compression techniques in the aspect of theoretical modelling as well as experiment which helps the reader to acquire a knowledge on the basic concepts of pulse compression.This book describes the existing nonlinear pulse compression techniques to achieve femtosecond/attosecond pulses. It includes the topics such as photonic crystal fiber, pulse propagation in the fiber, numerical tools for the analysis of pulse propagation and compression, applications of ultrashort pulses, ultrashort pulse generation techniques, merits and demerits of each compression scheme.The key audiences for this book include students, researchers, and scientists in photonics and nonlinear fiber optics.Key Features: Includes the nonlinear pulse compression techniques to achieve femtosecond/attosecond pulses.Explores topics such as photonic crystal fiber and pulse propagation in the fiber.Includes numerical tools for the analysis of pulse propagation and compression.Discusses applications of ultrashort pulse generation techniques.Provides useful end-of-chapter summaries.

Causality: Cause and effect. In classical physics, an effect cannot occur before its cause. In Einstein's theory of special relativity, causality means that an effect cannot occur from a cause that is not in the back (past) light cone of that event.

This text demonstrates how the science of energetic materials technology can and should link various technologies in the physical sciences to provide an integrated approach. It includes physics, chemistry, materials science, theory and modelling, and will help the discipline to adapt to future needs and research. The text provides a coherent and detailed study of what is now possible and indeed necessary for effective solutions for present and future needs in energetic materials and systems. Energetics technology is a fragmented research area and there is a strong need for a book that provides an interdisciplinary view and introduces the topics along with the connections between them. This book meets this need, encourages interdisciplinary research in the field and is an invaluable reference for researchers in the area of energetic materials.Key Features: Demonstrates how the science of energetic materials technology can and should link various technologies to provide an integrated approachPresents an interdisciplinary view and introduces the topics and the connections between themProvides a coherent and detailed study of what is possible and necessary for effective solutions for energetic materials and systems, including present and future needsIncludes the design and nature of energetic materials in both molecular and crystalline states, including formulation, processing, assessment, modelling, vulnerability, life assessment and management, environmental constraints, safety and disposal

Coherent control of matter waves using mechanical action of electromagnetic field displays quantum duality at work. Deflecting, focussing and trapping the matter wave or de Broglie wave using optical fields lead us to develop tools to manipulate the matter waves. The emerging field provides a playground to study the newer effects of quantum coherence and quantum interference. The expansion of this area in last three decades has enabled us to store atoms and cool them to temperatures as low as micro kelvin scale and beyond, leading to experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and of Fermi degeneracy in ultra-cold. With a focus on graduate students and young researchers, this book discusses the topics that lay the foundation stones of interaction of ultra-cold atoms with optical potentials.Key Features: It is developed keeping in view latest experimental advancementsIt puts light on newer theoretical advancementExplains the text though definitions, and useful diagramsProvides necessary examples and problems for the studentsIt is simple in language, slender, and not voluminous

This book introduces the basic concepts of electromechanical energy conversion through active learning. It is a valuable textbook for undergraduate students in energy conversion and offers a simplified reference for professionals.

NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has ushered in a revolution in X-ray astronomy. Written by leading experts in the field to celebrate its 20th anniversary this book includes current reviews of the major discoveries and scientific results from Chandra to date. Topics range from solar-system objects to distant super-massive black holes and the structure of the universe.

This book describes components of the cryosphere: permafrost, snow, land and sea ice and their interactions with the ocean and atmosphere. It explains how numerical modelling of thermodynamic exchanges: conservation of mass, energy, and momentum as well as satellite measurements allow us to observe and understand changes in the cryosphere.

Creativity is a fundamental skill: it is rarely taught, and there are few books that support any serious, intellectually rigorous, teaching. It is also much in demand: creativity and problem-solving rank very highly in the skills sought by employers. Dennis Sherwood is an innovation consultant (and ex-academic) with extensive experience of teaching students and researchers how to be more creative. He has been running EPSRC creativity workshops at universities since 2010, primarily in physics departments at universities including Bristol, Glasgow and Exeter, and this book will be based on these proven methods of enriching creativity in the scientific research community. Dennis has written five creativity books in the past (most recently for Wiley in 2000) and this book will update his thinking for a modern age. The book will be academically rigorous and underpinned by theory, with a focus on practical applications. Most examples will come from the sciences and the book will be written for this audience, although the overall approach will be interdisciplinary and relevant to other subjects too. In addition, the ebook will be highly interactive, making full use of available multimedia.

Assessment is an important part of any education programme. However, following tradition, many academics offer modules that are lecture-based with a formal unseen examination as the principal assessment. Historical inertia dictates that the form and content of the assessment is essentially the same from year to year without any sort of analysis of how students prepare or what is being tested.This book explores issues relating to student assessment in university-level physics education. The purposes of assessment and current issues are covered in depth alongside analysis of the different types of assessment applied in university physics departments, and suggestions on how assessment might be improved. Reviewing the methodology of assessment, the text is universally applicable to physics teaching at universities worldwide, providing lecturers and course designers with the tools to improve the quality and efficacy of their assessments in physics. With a firm emphasis on practical experience and numerous examples of current assessments, the book serves as a guide to academics new to assessment, as a refresher to more experienced academics who wish to think more deeply about what they are trying to achieve, and as a challenge to senior figures working on higher education infrastructure.Key Features: A timely book that will drive physics departments to think more carefully about their assessment Analyses the types of assessment being applied in university physics departments and suggests how these might be improved Provides an overview of the purpose, methods and methodology of assessment Offers lecturers and course designers with practical advice to improve the quality and efficacy of their assessments in physics Written by a highly-experienced author who has been directly involved in university physics assessments for many decades

This book provides a comprehensive overview of analytical techniques for applications in biomedical nanotechnology, at both the fundamental and applied level. It includes a discussion of how fundamental knowledge of techniques can be translated to applications, coverage of state-of-art analytical techniques, and the prospects and challenges of each technique.