Bøger udgivet af Harvard University Press

National security once was not limited to physical defense. FDR equated national security with safety from foreign attack and economic want; conservatives, fearful of costs and federal expansion, stripped out domestic policy. The Contest over National Security explains why the US developed separate, imbalanced national security and welfare states.

The Iberian Apollonius of Tyre includes the poem The Book of Apollonius, a creative and Christianized adaptation, and the prose Life and History of King Apollonius, a highly literal translation of the Latin Gesta Romanorum. This volume presents new editions and English translations of these two medieval Spanish versions of the ancient legend.

Songs about Women by Romanos the Melodist contains eighteen works related to the liturgical calendar that feature important female characters, many portrayed as models for Christian life. This edition presents a new translation of the Byzantine Greek texts into English.

Among the late nineteenth-century profusion of evolutionary ideas, Wilhelm Roux¿s theory of a struggle for existence within organisms¿between tissues, cells, and even subcellular components¿is one of the most important. Evolutionary biologist David Haig and Richard Bondi present the first-ever English translation of Roux¿s pioneering work.

A groundbreaking history of philosophy and punishment, The Prison before the Panopticon traces the influence of ancient political philosophy on the modern institution of the prison, showing how prevailing theories of carceral rehabilitation and common justifications for the denial of liberty developed in classical and early modern thought.

Anthony Gregory traces the origins of Americäs modern law-and-order politics to a surprising source: the New Deal, the crucible of modern liberalism. FDR¿s tough-on-crime agenda played a crucial role in the New Dealers¿ reform agenda, which greatly expanded the limits of federal power and fundamentally altered the future of the state.

Bargains are a fact of political life. But if bargaining inevitably involves asymmetric power, can it ever be just? Drawing on an analogy to the private law of contracts and on case studies across arenas of civic life, Democratic Deals shows that, subject to proper limits, bargaining can secure political equality and protect fundamental interests.

In the age of tenure-denial lawsuits and free speech battles, colleges and universities face more intense legal pressures than ever before. Louis Guard and Joyce Jacobsen, two longtime higher education leaders, provide both a comprehensive overview and practical guidance regarding current campus legal issues.

Philosophers have spent millennia accumulating knowledge about knowledge. But negative epistemological phenomena, such as ignorance, falsity, and delusion, are persistently overlooked. Markus Gabriel argues that being wrong is part and parcel of subjectivity itself, adding a novel perspective on epistemic failures to the work of New Realism.

Yakov Feygin argues that Soviet decline owes much to internal tensions over economic reform. Focused on socioeconomic competition with the West, Khrushchev and his successors sought to build a consumer society but had only Stalinist institutions of mass mobilization to work with, resulting in unresolvable contradiction and eventual sclerosis.

From Booker T. Washington to a neighbor who speaks up at a city council meeting, many of the people who represent us were never elected. Wendy Salkin provides the first systematic analysis of the ubiquitous phenomenon of informal political representation, a practice of immense political value that raises serious ethical concerns.

In Experimentalist Constitutions, the first book that systematically compares subnational experimentalism in different countries, Wang argues that ¿laboratories of democracy¿ are not exclusive to the American system; instead, similar concepts apply in China and India, with different center¿local structures and levels of political competition.

What was the representation of the Mongol invasions in Japan, and what role did it play as a repertoire of cultural identity before the rise of hyper-nationalism? The Historical Writing of the Mongol Invasions in Japan points to the continuities and ruptures that marked the emergence of a national culture after the Meiji Restoration of 1868.

Travelers have always experimented with disguise while observing the disguises of others. Each of the chapters in Mobility and Masks illustrates strategies of concealment in travel, from Jesuits in Asia to women traveling incognito to a Chinese opera star in Russia to the racial implications of masking in the West Indies.

Julia Rombough explores the regulation of sound in women¿s residential institutions in early modern Florence. Silence was tied to ideals of feminine purity and spiritual discipline, yet enclosed women still laughed, shouted, sang, and conversed. A Veil of Silence offers a revealing history of the political and spiritual meanings of the senses.

Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Volume 113 includes new essays on Greek and Roman Classics by Andrew Merritt, Georgios Kostopoulos, Christian Vassallo, Guy Westwood, Peter Osorio, James J. Clauss and Scott B. Noegel, Robert Cowan, Christoph Begass, and Chiara Meccariello.

Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium, 41 features Natasha Summer on trespassing in the Otherworld as well as contributions that focus of Irish and Welsh poetry, women in poetry, medieval Irish religious beliefs, and Welsh dramatic translations of Shakespeare, among other topics.

Traces the history of Chinese-American relations, forecasts China's future economic role, and discusses difficulties facing modern China.

Explores Victorian life by examining theater, novels, and biographies of that period.

The vast empire that Alexander the Great left at his death in 323 BC has few parallels. For the next three hundred years the Greeks controlled a complex of monarchies and city-states that stretched from the Adriatic Sea to India. F. W. Walbank's lucid and authoritative history of that Hellenistic world examines political events, describes the different social systems and mores of the people under Greek rule, traces important developments in literature and science, and discusses the new religious movements.

For those who lived in the wake of the French Revolution, from the storming of the Bastille to Napoleon's final defeat, its aftermath left a profound wound that no subsequent king, emperor, or president could heal. Children of the Revolution follows the ensuing generations who repeatedly tried and failed to come up with a stable regime after the trauma of 1789. The process encouraged fresh and often murderous oppositions between those who were for, and those who were against, the Revolution's values. Bearing the scars of their country's bloody struggle, and its legacy of deeply divided loyalties, the French lived the long nineteenth century in the shadow of the revolutionary age. Despite the ghosts raised in this epic tale, Robert Gildea has written a richly engaging and provocative book. His is a strikingly unfamiliar France, a country with an often overwhelming gap between Paris and the provinces, a country torn apart by fratricidal hatreds and a tortured history of feminism, the site of political catastrophes and artistic triumphs, and a country that managed--despite a pervasive awareness of its own fall from grace--to fix itself squarely at the heart of modernity. Indeed, Gildea reveals how the collective recognition of the great costs of the Revolution galvanized the French to achieve consensus in a new republic and to integrate the tumultuous past into their sense of national identity. It was in this spirit that France's young men went to the front in World War I with a powerful sense of national confidence and purpose.

Who were the Gnostics? And how did the Gnostic movement influence the development of Christianity in antiquity? Is it true that the Church rejected Gnosticism? This book offers an illuminating discussion of recent scholarly debates over the concept of "Gnosticism" and the nature of early Christian diversity. Acknowledging that the category "Gnosticism" is flawed and must be reformed, David Brakke argues for a more careful approach to gathering evidence for the ancient Christian movement known as the Gnostic school of thought. He shows how Gnostic myth and ritual addressed basic human concerns about alienation and meaning, offered a message of salvation in Jesus, and provided a way for people to regain knowledge of God, the ultimate source of their being.Rather than depicting the Gnostics as heretics or as the losers in the fight to define Christianity, Brakke argues that the Gnostics participated in an ongoing reinvention of Christianity, in which other Christians not only rejected their ideas but also adapted and transformed them. This book will challenge scholars to think in news ways, but it also provides an accessible introduction to the Gnostics and their fellow early Christians.

Why did Caesar have to die--and why did his death solve nothing? The plot was confused, the execution bungled, and within hours different versions of the event were circulating. It was the end of republican Rome and the beginning of the Roman Empire--and yet everything about it remains somewhat mysterious. Beginning with this legendary political assassination, immortalized in art and literature through the ages, Greg Woolf delivers a remarkable meditation on Caesar's murder as it echoes down the corridors of history, affecting notions and acts of political violence to our day. Assassins Brutus and Cassius dined with their fiercest enemies within days of the murder--and were then hunted down and killed. After the murder neither conspirators nor Caesar's partisans knew how to react. From these beginnings this book follows the normalization of assassination at Rome, cataloguing the murder of Caesar after Caesar and recording the means, methods, and motives of the perpetrators. How was the Roman Empire so untouched by these events? And how had the Republic contained such violence between friends for so long? Woolf shows how Caesar's death--and the puzzled reactions to it--points back to older ethics of tyrannicide. When is it justified to kill a head of state? Does extra-judicial execution provide answers worth the cost of the ensuing chaos? Ranging among texts by Cicero, Suetonius, and Seneca, plays by Shakespeare and Corneille, and the ideas of Michel Foucault and Francis Fukuyama, Woolf pursues these questions through the ages. His book tells us not only how, but why, Caesar's Vast Ghost still holds us spellbound.

Imperial Geographies in Byzantine and Ottoman Space opens new and insightful vistas on the nexus between empire and geography. The volume redirects attention from the Atlantic to the space of the eastern Mediterranean shaped by two empires of remarkable duration and territorial extent, the Byzantine and the Ottoman. The essays offer a diachronic and comparative account that spans the medieval and early modern periods and reaches into the nineteenth century. Methodologically rich, the essays combine historical, literary, and theoretical perspectives. Through texts as diverse as court records and chancery manuals, imperial treatises and fictional works, travel literature and theatrical adaptations, the essays explore ways in which the production of geographical knowledge supported imperial authority or revealed its precarious mastery of geography.

In this story about one of the 19th century's most famous Americans, Benjamin Reiss uses P.T. Barnum's Joice Heth hoax to examine the contours of race relations in the antebellum North. Barnum's first exhibit as a showman, Heth was an elderly enslaved woman who was said to be the 161-year-old former nurse of the infant George Washington. Seizing upon the novelty, the newly emerging commercial press turned her act - and especially her death - into one of the first media spectacles in American history.

On Easter Monday 1916, while much of Dublin holidayed at the seaside and placed bets at the horse races, a disciplined group of Irish Volunteers seized the city's General Post Office in what would become the defining act of rebellion against British rule--and the most significant single event in modern Irish history. By week's end, the rebels had surrendered, and the siege had left the once magnificent GPO an empty shell--and turned it into the most famous and deeply symbolic building in all of Ireland. This book unravels the events in and around the GPO during the Easter Rising of 1916. Drawing on participant and eyewitness accounts, diaries, and newspaper reports, Clair Wills recreates the harrowing moments that transformed the GPO from an emblem of nineteenth-century British power and civil government, to an embattled barricade, and finally to a national symbol. What was it like to be trapped in the building? To watch, and listen to, the destruction of the city? Was the act meant as a bloody sacrifice or a military coup d'état? Exploring these questions as they were experienced and understood then and later, her book reveals the twists and turns that the myth of the GPO has undergone in the last century, as it has stood for sacrifice and treachery, national unity and divisive violence, the future and the past.

Much as an ancient hymnist carries a familiar subject into new directions of song, the contributors to A Californian Hymn to Homer draw upon Homeric scholarship as inspiration for pursuing new ways of looking at texts, both within the Homeric tradition and outside it. This set of seven original essays, accompanied by a new translation of the Homeric "Hymn to Apollo," considers topics that transcend traditional generic distinctions between epic and lyric, choral and individual, performed and literary. Treating subjects ranging from Aeschylus' reception of Homeric anger to the representation of mantic performance within Early Islamic texts, the collection presents a selection of imaginative critical work done on the West Coast by scholars of antiquity.

In September 1755, the most famous Indian in the world--a Mohawk leader known in English as King Hendrick--died in the Battle of Lake George. He was fighting the French in defense of British claims to North America, and his death marked the end of an era in Anglo-Iroquois relations. He was not the first Mohawk of that name to attract international attention. Half a century earlier, another Hendrick worked with powerful leaders in the frontier town of Albany. He cemented his transatlantic fame when he traveled to London as one of the "four Indian kings."Until recently the two Hendricks were thought to be the same person. Eric Hinderaker sets the record straight, reconstructing the lives of these two men in a compelling narrative that reveals the complexities of the Anglo-Iroquois alliance, a cornerstone of Britain's imperial vision. The two Hendricks became famous because, as Mohawks, they were members of the Iroquois confederacy and colonial leaders believed the Iroquois held the balance of power in the Northeast. As warriors, the two Hendricks aided Britain against the French; as Christians, they adopted the trappings of civility; as sachems, they stressed cooperation rather than bloody confrontation with New York and Great Britain.Yet the alliance was never more than a mixed blessing for the two Hendricks and the Iroquois. Hinderaker offers a poignant personal story that restores the lost individuality of the two Hendricks while illuminating the tumultuous imperial struggle for North America.