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For 30 years, "Designing Plastic Parts for Assembly" has been the definitive guide for both seasoned part designers and novices to the field, facilitating cost-effective design decisions and ensuring that the plastic parts and products will stand up under use.The detailed yet simplified discussion of material selection, manufacturing techniques, and assembly procedures enables the reader to evaluate plastic materials and design plastic parts with confidence. Good joint design and implementation, the geometry and nature of the component parts, the types of load involved, and other fundamental information necessary for a successful outcome are all included. Throughout, the treatment is practice-oriented and focused on everyday problems and situations.The 10th edition includes an extensive revision of the chapter on welding techniques for plastics, including a new subchapter on hot gas welding. There are also many more minor updates, improvements, and corrections throughout, including numerous new color figures.

- A comprehensive overview of the various fields of application of data science and artificial intelligence.- Case studies from practice to make the described concepts tangible.- Practical examples to help you carry out simple data analysis projects.- BONUS in print edition: E-Book insideData Science, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Generative AI are currently some of the most talked-about concepts in industry, government, and society, and yet also the most misunderstood. This book will clarify these concepts and provide you with practical knowledge to apply them.Using exercises and real-world examples, it will show you how to apply data science methods, build data platforms, and deploy data- and ML-driven projects to production. It will help you understand - and explain to various stakeholders - how to generate value from such endeavors. Along the way, it will bring essential data science concepts to life, including statistics, mathematics, and machine learning fundamentals, and explore crucial topics like critical thinking, legal and ethical considerations, and building high-performing data teams.Readers of all levels of data familiarity - from aspiring data scientists to expert engineers to data leaders - will ultimately learn: how can an organization become more data-driven, what challenges might it face, and how can they as individuals help make that journey a success.The team of authors consists of data professionals from business and academia, including data scientists, engineers, business leaders and legal experts. All are members of the Vienna Data Science Group (VDSG), an NGO that aims to establish a platform for exchanging knowledge on the application of data science, AI and machine learning, and raising awareness of the opportunities and potential risks of these technologies.WHAT'S INSIDE //- Critical Thinking and Data Culture: How evidence driven decision making is the base for effective AI.- Machine Learning Fundamentals: Foundations of mathematics, statistics, and ML algorithms and architectures- Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision: How to extract valuable insights from text, images and video data, for real world applications.- Foundation Models and Generative AI: Understand the strengths and challenges of generative models for text, images, video, and more.- ML and AI in Production: Turning experimentation into a working data science product.- Presenting your Results: Essential presentation techniques for data scientists.

This book provides the background needed to understand not only the wide field of polymer processing, but also the emerging technologies associated with the plastics industry in the 21st century. It combines practical engineering concepts with modeling of realistic polymer processes. Divided into three sections, it provides the reader with a solid knowledge base in polymer materials, polymer processing, and modeling."Understanding Polymer Processing" is intended for the person who is entering the plastics manufacturing industry and as a textbook for students taking an introductory course in polymer processing. It also serves as a guide to the practicing engineer when choosing a process, determining important parameters and factors during the early stages of process design, and when optimizing such a process. Practical examples illustrating basic concepts are presented throughout the book.New in the third edition are chapters on data-driven modeling and physics-driven modeling, as well as new sections on manufacturing and dimentional analysis. In addition to a number of other smaller improvements and corrections throughout the book, bonus code downloads are also providided. Contents: Part I: Polymeric MaterialsThis section gives a general introduction to polymers, including mechanical behavior of polymers and melt rheology.Part II: Polymer ProcessingThe major polymer processes are introduced in this section, including extrusion, mixing, injection molding, thermoforming, blow molding, film blowing, and many others.Part III: ModelingThis last section delivers the tools to allow the engineer to solve back-of-the-envelope polymer processing models. It includes dimensional analysis and scaling, transport phenomena in polymer processing, and modeling polymer processes.

This easy-to-understand guide provides the necessary information to implement a scientific molding program. It is a hands-on reference for people on the molding floor, including those previously lacking theoretical background or formal education.The book covers how the injection molding machine prepares the plastic and understanding of plastic flow. The functions of the main machine components are explained and understanding of correct procedures and testing is developed. Each step of the process is clearly explained in a step-by-step manner, and simple examples of important calculations are provided. The practical approach is augmented by useful guides for troubleshooting and machine set-up. The 2nd edition has a new chapter covering the effects of making specific changes to the process, as well as a number of other improvements throughout. Bonus download included: Excel spreadsheet with tests for process and machine performance.Contents1. Injection Unit: Screw2. Injection Unit: Barrel3. Clamping Unit4. Ejectors/Controllers, Human Machine Interface (HMI)5. Machine Performance Testing6. Process Development Test7. Plastic Temperature8. Plastic Flow9. Plastic Pressure (Pack/Hold)10. Cooling11. Benchmarking the Injection Molding Process12. Process Troubleshooting13. What is Important on a Set-Up Sheet?14. Commonly Used Conversion Factors and Formulas15. Machine Set-Up16. Things That Hurt the Bottom Line of a Company17. Terms and Definitions

Plastics extrusion is one of the most important industrial processes worldwide. Over past decades, understanding of extrusion technologies has advanced by the global research efforts, but, due to the fact that the metal barrel hinders direct visualizations to be made by the naked eye, the "true" dynamic processing characteristics of extrusion processes remain unclear. Analytical attempts have thus been carried out either by indirect, static empirical approaches or theoretical mathematical analyses. None of them offer a realistic depiction of what takes place inside the barrel during an extrusion process. As such, the barrel can be considered as a "black-box".This book reveals the "true" dynamic extrusion processing characteristics, accumulated from years of research experience based on the novel visualization technique developed by Professor Zhu of the Beijing University of Chemical Technology. The qualitative discussions within provide not only insight into the scientific aspects of the subject, but also information of practical significance for those in the industry who need to perform process and hardware designs and optimizations.Included are conventional mathematical representations of the single- and twin-screw extrusion technologies. This provides a comprehensive foundation for undergraduate courses in, e.g., plastics processing engineering. Other topics covered are specifically selected to provide a comprehensive technical and market-trend background to readers at all levels. The current status and future potential of sustainable and biodegradable polymers are also emphasized.

This is a practical guide to injection molding based on sound engineering fundamentals. It is an ideal course book for mechanical engineers with limited plastic material and injection molding experience, but is also well applicable to self-study or reference. It starts with an overview of plastic material fundamentals. Each section includes material considerations associated with the injection molding process. For example, the molecular weight section shows that use of lower molecular weight plastics are commonly used for the injection molding to minimize orientation, reduce fill time, improve knit line strength. Then, the basics of the injection molding machine, tooling, auxiliary equipment and molding process are introduced. The machine components and component selection for a given application are next considered in more detail.The process/procedure for establishing optimum process conditions for a "new" mold and material (not run previously by the reader) are next described. Finally, a range of other more specialized injection molding processes that are still of practical importance are covered.From a leading author and educator in the area of injection molding, this book gives engineers and process technicians the knowledge and confidence they need to produce high-quality parts reliably and efficiently.Contents:Chapter 1: Material Considerations for the Injection Molding ProcessChapter 2: "Overview" of the Injection Molding ProcessChapter 3: Injection Molding Machine ComponentsChapter 4: Establishing Injection Molding Process ConditionsChapter 5: "Other" Injection Molding Processes (notes)

More than half of all injection molded plastic parts can be produced more cost-effectively and with better tolerances using foam injection molding compared to traditional compact injection molding.For the part designer, the focus is on the functionality of the molded part, not on the plastic-compatible design, which is precisely what compact injection molding requires. This book describes the necessary fundamentals of physical foam injection molding, clearly illustrated by means of detailed, industrially proven examples to show the technology's potential. Machine and mold technology are also explained in detail, and polymers suitable for the process are discussed. The focus is always on the question of whether the potential of physical foam injection molding has already been exhausted or whether it is emerging as a second standard process alongside compact injection molding.The experienced authors make it possible to look beyond the end of one's nose. The reader can see which plastic parts can be converted from compact to foam injection molding, and is encouraged to rethink the part design. With this book, specialists are able to examine an application for their own company and analyze it with regard to its economic implementation. However, the book also shows the clear limitations of this technology.Content:Foam Injection Molding and its Different Process VariantsDefinition and Characteristics of Physical Foam Injection MoldingDesign Guidelines for Foamed ComponentsPolymers for Foam Injection MoldingProcess SimulationMechanical Fundamentals of the Foam Injection Molding SystemMold TechnologyApplication Examples: Automotive/Household/Packaging/Medical

This text- and workbook provides a clearly written, comprehensive introduction to the major topics associated with plastics technology, from basic chemistry and processing methods to the problem of waste and the issue of recycling plastics. Guiding questions at the beginning of each lesson help the reader to work through the material in a targeted manner; success checks at the end of each lesson enable the reader to review what he/she has learned. It thus facilitates independent, self-paced learning, meeting the requirements of modern vocational training.

"Sustainable Packaging Materials" provides a concise introduction to the principles and practices of packaging sustainability. It addresses the important issues that concern packaging professionals, decision makers, managers, CTOs, legislators, researchers, and students, including the viability and future of recycling, bio- and oxo-degradable materials, and plastics alternatives such as paper, glass, and metal. Also covered are new regulations such as the extended producer responsibility (EPR) laws, their consequences as to what materials are likely to be banned, and whether microplastics should be a concern for packaging companies.Written by an experienced professor, educator, author, inventor, and entrepreneur, this book offers uniquely clear answers to these challenges, helping readers to identify packaging materials that are likely to be phased out to meet new regulations, and to find alternatives to benefit their research and businesses. They will also be equipped to follow guidelines on the use of various packaging materials to stay ahead of the demands of the industry, and to make informed choices about packaging materials by considering sustainability, performance, and cost. Furthermore, they will be informed of the emerging packaging trends in both academia and industry, and understand the issues associated with microplastic pollution, and the actions recommended to mitigate these challenges.

This applications-oriented book describes the construction of an injection mold from the ground up. Included are explanations of the individual types of molds, components, and technical terms; design procedures; techniques, tips, and tricks in the construction of an injection mold; and pros and cons of various solutions.Based on a plastic part ("bowl with lid") specially developed for this book, easily understandable text and many illustrative pictures and drawings provide the necessary knowledge for practical implementation. Step by step, the plastic part is modified and enhanced. The technologies and designs that are additionally needed for an injection mold are described by engineering drawings. Maintenance and repair, and essential manufacturing techniques are also discussed.With full-color illustrations, this third edition builds on the success of the previous ones, with significantly expanded coverage of molding simulation, including many new figures, and updates and small corrections throughout the book.

This book is for those interested in improving the properties of elastomers. It provides an exhaustive overview of the influence of different types of fillers.Starting with the manufacture and characterization of the fillers, the main factor determining the reinforcement is the rubber-filler interaction, which is discussed in detail and is the parameter part for the reinforcement of elastomers. The filler dispersion and distribution depend on the mixing procedure, the type and content of the filler, the nature of the polymer, and the presence of plasticizer. The rheological behavior and the vulcanizate properties are discussed comprehensively according to their different activity and the aspect ratio of the filler. Examples are given from tire compounds and from technical rubber goods.Advantages of the functionalization of fillers and the polymers are also presented. The importance of wet compounding is shown in dynamic and ultimate properties. In contrast, carbon nanotubes can form hybrid systems with carbon black or silica are suitable for special applications like anisometric orientations, increase of tear energy, and reducing cut growth resistance off the compound. Exfoliated layered silica gives excellent barrier properties.

This book offers an up-to-date, platform-independent introduction to injection molding simulation, which plays a very important role in the design of molds and molded parts as well as process development and optimization. The content is structured and conveyed within an engineering framework. Complicated mathematical derivations are avoided as far as possible.The necessary environment of the injection molding simulation is illuminated alongside, so that the build-up of a suitable simulation model and the interpretation of the results are made possible, and knowledge of the model-specific limits is imparted. Guidance is also provided regarding the interpretation of results so that they can be better evaluated quantitatively.The book is designed as a textbook and thus is suitable to accompany courses covering injection molding simulation. The content is largely independent of any particular software package; however, introductory practice examples for Autodesk Moldflow Insight, CADMOULD and Moldex3D are included as step-by-step instructions.

In plastics technology, a wide variety of computer programs are used for the design and optimization of molded plastic parts and for mold design. These programs calculate the filling process, the holding pressure phase, and the cooling phase of the molded part in the mold. The results include, for example, pressures, temperatures, weld/knit lines, and voids. The shrinkage and warpage behavior of the molded part can also be predicted. Understanding and interpreting these simulation results is not trivial, although they are colorful representations with numerical values. Regardless of whether one has many years of experience as a designer, a mold maker, or an injection molder, or whether one is in training or studying, simulation is becoming increasingly important. For this reason, experts who know how to use these programs correctly are increasingly sought after in the market.This book is intended to expand readers' specialist knowledge in the field of simulation, thereby increasing their ability to recognize and avoid molding errors at an early stage. Readers will also learn to draw the right conclusions from the simulation results and develop their own solutions.

Rapid.Tech 3D has developed constantly and consequently over the last 19 years to an absolutely leading event in the field of Additive Manufacturing. The Rapid.Tech specialist conference is aimed specifically at users and developers of Additive Manufacturing technologies. This work contains papers of the 19th Rapid.Tech conference that grant unique insights into latest research developments, specialized knowledge of Additive Manufacturing research and applications. Most of the papers are double-blind reviewed by a scientific review-committee.

Kompakt und praxisnah behandelt dieses Trainingsbuch den englischen Fachwortschatz aus Technik und Wissenschaft (Niveau C1), der für die zielgerichtete Kommunikation in technischen Berufen erforderlich ist. Es richtet sich sowohl an Studierende der Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaften als auch an Techniker:innen, Ingenieur:innen und Manager:innen, die ihre Kenntnisse des Technischen Englisch ausbauen möchten.Die Lerninhalte werden mithilfe authentischer englischsprachiger Fachtexte und Aufgaben vermittelt, die das Training aller Sprachfertigkeiten (Lesen, Schreiben, Sprechen, Hören) garantieren. Darüber hinaus werden die Besonderheiten der englischen Schreibweise von Zahlen und Einheiten erläutert. Auch das Vorlesen mathematischer Formeln und die damit verbundenen Stolperfallen werden behandelt. Einschlägige Fachbegriffe werden in englischer Sprache erläutert. Zudem enthält das Buch eine Anleitung, wie die erlernten Vokabeln in einem persönlichen Glossar erfasst werden können. Zahlreiche Beispiele typischer Germanismen runden den Inhalt ab, wobei erwähnt sei, dass das Lehrbuch auch für diejenigen geeignet ist, die keine deutschen Muttersprachler:innen sind.Folgende Themen werden fürs Trainieren des englischen Fachwortschatzes herangezogen: - Wasseraufbereitung- Biomimikry- Autonomes Fahren- Windturbinen- Grüne Luftfahrt- Satelliten und Weltraumschrott- Quantenphysik- Baustoffe für den Hoch- und Tiefbau- Hochhäuser - BrückenDieses Buch ist eine hervorragende Trainingsunterlage für Universitäten, Hochschulen und Betriebe aus dem technischen Umfeld, die nicht nach allgemeiner Literatur zum Verfassen englischsprachiger Fachtexte suchen, sondern nach einem bedarfsorientierten Übungsbuch, mit dem Studierende bzw. Mitarbeiter:innen ihre Kompetenzen der englischen Sprache auf hohem Niveau verbessern können.

Phase separation in polymer blends has achieved a tremendous techno-commercial importance. Most of the applications of polymer blends, such as tissue engineering, membrane technology, electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting, structural materials, packaging, smart multiphase polymer coatings, depend on the morphologies developed during processing.This book outlines the fundamental aspects of polymer blend thermodynamics, the state-of-the-art processing techniques for specific polymer blend systems currently in use, and the design and fabrication of multiphasic polymeric materials, which will present a multiplicity of opportunities in the water remediation, packaging, and electronic industries, to mention a few. It emphasizes recent research developments, processing techniques, characterization methods, factors influencing phase separation temperature in phase-separated, including partially miscible, polymer blends, and key research challenges in the development of phase-separated polymers materials.With unique and systematic coverage of the journey from fundamentals to applications in polymer blends, this book is ideal for polymer scientists and engineers, material scientists, researchers, engineers, and under- and post-graduate students who are interested in this exciting field of research. It will help industrial researchers and R&D managers bring advanced phase-separated polymer materials/products to the market.

"Energy in Plastics Technology" provides, unlike any other book, the necessary fundamentals for dealing with thermotechnical issues in the processing of plastics, leading to efficient, robust, reliable, economical, and environmentally friendly processes for high-quality products. The following four areas are addressed: - Methodical application of the essential fundamentals to practical problems. The focus is on the formulation of energy balances.- Special emphasis is placed on the understanding of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, with their manifold implications.- Access to key advanced technical literature, which can be highly theoretical, and forms the basis for advanced simulation methods, is provided.- Analytical approaches for modeling processes (as opposed to numerical simulation methods) are covered, so that the influence of the essential process parameters can be better recognized, and correct results in terms of order of magnitude are obtained with reasonable effort. These simplified considerations provide a valuable support for the preparation of experiments and numerical simulations and their critical evaluation. The fundamentals provided are applied - in exemplary calculation examples - to problems relevant to practice in the most important processing and forming methods. The book is aimed at engineers and students working in plastics technology as well as technicians and plastics technologists. Contents:Part 1 - Introductory Fundamentals: Introduction, Material Behavior of Plastics, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics I, Heat TransferPart 2 - Advanced Fundamentals: Steady-State Heat Conduction, Transient Heat Conduction, Thermodynamics of Air-Drying, Fluid Mechanics II, Recycling of PlasticsPart 3 - Practical Examples

Biodegradable polymers (BDPs) based on renewable sources have been drawing scientific as well as industrial attention due to their potential to replace fossil derived polymers (FDPs) for a large number of applications. Furthermore, BDPs introduce the viability of bio-degradation at the end of their life cycle, thus reducing the environmental impact of most FDPs.This book covers the basic properties of BDPs according to their classifications, the rheology of BDPs and their blends, and their numerous applications, with an emphasis on processing: As BDPs possess attractive attributes compared to FDPs (which is discussed in the book), their processing has been investigated using conventional processing technologies. However, BDPs are sensitive to the processing conditions due to their composition, which is tuned to bio-degradation. Hence, special attention has been directed to minimize the in-process degradation and enhance their final processed properties. To remedy some of the BDP processing shortcomings, special additives, fillers, and blends have been incorporated and developed with minimal effect on the BDPs' bio-degradation rate. All of these aspects of BDP processing are considered in this book, including their characteristics in extrusion, injection molding, thermoforming, blow molding, and 3D printing, as well as the processing of recycled BDPs.

Rapid.Tech 3D has developed constantly and consequently over the last 18 years to an absolutely leading event in the field of Additive Manufacturing. The Rapid.Tech specialist conference is aimed specifically at users and developers of Additive Manufacturing technologies.This work contains papers of the 18th Rapid.Tech conference that grant unique insights into latest research developments, specialized knowledge of Additive Manufacturing research and applications. Most of the papers are double-blind reviewed by a scientific review-committee.

The validation of equipment, processes and methods is a basic requirement that nowadays has to be met in most industries. This handbook deals with the validation of computerized systems in general as well as with analytical method validation. The many detailed practical examples focus on thermal analysis of materials, such as plastics and rubber.The handbook is intended for newcomers interested in the theoretical and regulatory aspects of validation and for thermal analysis practitioners who have to validate their equipment and methods.Contents:Part 1: Validation of Computerized SystemsRecent Changes in Regulations and Regulatory GuidanceInstrument Qualification, Computerized System Validation and Method ValidationRegulatory Requirements for Computerized System ValidationComputerized System ValidationWriting the User Requirements Specification (URS)Auditing the System SupplierInstallation Qualification and Operational Qualification (IQ and OQ)Performance Qualification (PQ) or End User TestingPart 2: Method ValidationMeasurement Errors and Uncertainty of MeasurementValidation of Analytical Procedures and MethodsInterlaboratory Studies in Thermal AnalysisMethod Development Through to SOPPractical ExamplesAppendix 1: 21 CFR Part 11 and EU GMP Annex 11Appendix 2: Basic StatisticsAppendix 3: Standard Test Methods for Thermal Analysis

Digital Competence and Future Skills How companies prepare themselves for the digital futureThe world is changing continuously and rapidly - especially for companies. In this volatile environment, there is much talk about the need to build digital competence, future skills and lifelong learning. To remain competitive, 21st century executives, departments and HR managers must succeed in empowering employees and management for the future. To do this, competencies must be managed holistically and dynamically, learning systems require consistent further development, and a learning culture must emerge that creates motivational moments for the company's own employees and customers. Building digital competence is not a short-term training project of the typical kind; rather, a holistic approach is needed that affects all areas of the company and raises numerous questions:- What is digital competence? - How to de¿ ne it? How to measure it? - Which people need which digital skills? - Who is responsible for this skill revolution? - How do we learn digital skills? - What is the role of HR? - How do new learning ecosystems emerge?This unique book provides comprehensive insight into the future of competencies and learning and the transformation of business. For the first time, leading companies from a wide range of industries around the world provide concrete insights into their comprehensive approaches to transformation, competence management, culture change, and learning and development. In addition, leading scientists and institutions use the latest research findings to assess where we are today and what is to come in the future.

This book offers a unique overview of usage of biomass, biomaterials, and bioproducts, including biopolymers. Included are materials, processes, usage as an energy source, and, in particular, applications. It is intended to educate both professionals and graduate students, who typically must acquire knowledge outside of traditional academic disciplines to gain an appreciation of these systems.While the growing need for renewable energy can be satisfied from other renewable sources, biomass is our only real source of renewable carbon-based chemicals and fuels. More and more companies are moving toward using these materials, and investing in new technology based on renewable resources to develop their businesses in a sustainable way.Despite this, few scientists and engineers have been appropriately trained to work in the interdisciplinary field of the biomass economy. Traditional academic disciplines are not well organized to train engineers and scientists to develop new bio-refinery concepts and bio-based products (including bio-based polymers) in industry, nor to develop and integrate pathways to convert biomass into other forms of energy and useful products. The integration of old and new pathways to satisfy global and local markets is the basic skill required to create new biomass processing alternatives. This book is written to fill this gap.

Measurement uncertainty is an important component of modern materials analysis: it indicates the boundaries within which the test results can be trusted. Such results are necessary for understanding of, for example, material and product tolerances and lifetimes, vital for plastic product reliability and safety.Determination of measurement uncertainty is normally quite laborious, but this book shows how the available interlaboratory test data for plastics can be used to calculate measurement uncertainty much more simply. It contains many interlaboratory test results in the fields of thermoanalysis, molar mass determination, and quantitative analysis of the composition of material, presented in tables and graphical charts, discussed in the text, and elaborated by practical examples.In addition to the evaluation by means of the presented data (top-down approach), the relationship to the bottom-up approach specified in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is explained based on an example. Further sections deal with sampling, and the issue of whether or not the difference between analytical results is significant.

Single-screw or twin-screw extruder? When the need to produce a homogenous polymer melt occurs in the industrial environment, both product attributes and equipment cost must be evaluated. For many applications both the single and twin-screw extruder will produce the desired homogeneous melt needed to form the product through an extrusion die. Some applications such as dispersive mixing of solids in a polymer matrix are best accomplished in a twin-screw extruder. On the other hand, applications involving chemical reactions, color concentrate distributive mixing, and in line polymer-polymer distributive mixing can be accomplished with either device.However, for the same production rate, twin-screw extruders are generally more expensive than single-screw extruders with a diameter less than 200 mm. Therefore, a thorough understanding is needed for the concepts of solids conveying, melting, and mixing for the two types of extruders to make appropriate process acquisition decisions. This book covers engineering and technology concepts that should aid the practitioner in comparing these two types of extrusion equipment relative to process requirements.