Bøger udgivet af Eliva Press

The role of preceptors is vital in the successful integration of newly recruited nurses in hospital settings. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurse preceptors in training newly joined nurses in Qatar. The study was conducted between May 2022 and May 2023. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted through MS Teams with 13 nurse preceptors who had completed preceptorship training and trained at least one newly joined nurse. Participants were recruited until data saturation was obtained and data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The results of the study revealed several main themes: teaching strategies and progressive development in preceptorship, challenges based by the preceptor and preceptor better supported in training new nurses. The preceptors utilized different techniques to support new nurses including demonstration, discussion, use of technology, application of real-life clinical scenarios, simulations, and a gradual decrease in supervision to promote independence. However, a significant challenge was also reported including preceptors experienced high levels of exhaustion from the dual responsibilities of training new staff while also performing their regular care duties. The study underscores the fundamental role preceptors play in the training and development of newly joined nurses. While the challenges are considerable, particularly related to managing workload, the sense of achievement following the successful completion of training a new nurse suggests a strong commitment to this role. Despite the challenges, preceptors demonstrated innovative strategies to ensure the successful development of their preceptees, highlighting the importance of preceptorship in nursing education and practice.

La expansión de la agricultura ha incrementado los volúmenes de plaguicidas que contaminan los ecosistemas naturales, impactando directamente sobre las especies silvestres. De éstos, los insecticidas clorpirifos y cipermetrina así como el herbicida glifosato, son aún ampliamente utilizados pese a haber sido reportados como disruptores endocrinos y causantes de efectos inmunotóxicos en diferentes animales silvestres. Particularmente, el área de distribución de Salvator merianae (iguana overa) se encuentra superpuesta con áreas cultivadas en Argentina; coincidiendo además su época de reproducción con los períodos de máxima aplicación de plaguicidas. Debido a que esta especie es considerada como "centinela" para el monitoreo de efectos de plaguicidas, se avaluó el efecto potencial de los mencionados agroquímicos y sus mezclas complejas, sobre diferentes parámetros de crecimiento, inmunes y endócrinos; estableciendo distintas correlaciones entre éstos. Los resultados revelaron que los plaguicidas aplicados en similares o menores concentraciones que las utilizadas en agricultura actual, inducen alteraciones en ejemplares de S. merianae expuestos. Los diferentes efectos dependieron de la clase etaria o de la etapa embrionaria evaluada, así como de las características, concentraciones o formas de aplicación de los agroquímicos. Estos resultados sugieren que los plaguicidas intensivamente aplicados en áreas ocupadas por S. merianae estarían afectando diferentes aspectos de su biología. Este estudio resulta de gran interés para deducir las posibles respuestas de las especies silvestres a las perturbaciones antropogénicas, como la contaminación por agroquímicos.

This book is the outcome of a study on schools which were previously governed by the Christian mission agencies that came to Sri Lanka or then Ceylon. Literature and legend suggests that the missionaries tired greatly in their effort in establishing educational institutions. The work of the missionaries who were led by their faith and the work of the administration led by their attention towards more commercial activities must be distinguished in this aspect and forms a crux of of the book as well. The mission school was a significant break away from the already established educational setup in the country and the educational set up that was proposed by the mission agencies made a significant mark on the country which has its traces even in the modern day. The Portuguese and the Dutch were involved in this ministry as well yet the under the British, mission schooling achieved a significant status. Among the prominent the Wesleyan missionaries who started the first schools, the Anglicans the Baptists and the American Ceylon Mission must be highlighted. The work in Education of the western powers is a highly debatable topic with several negatives that have been levelled against them based on their philosophy and content of schooling. This work while paying due respect to these points attempts to streamline the main impacts the missionaries made with regard to education in a time where everything was quite different to what we experience today. While not been the final word on the subject by any means, it is hoped that further study and exploration into this field would be undertaken by the many yielding into the vision and mindset of women and men in education.

The book is a collection of articles that have been written to raise awareness about financial inclusion and a few ways that can be embraced to realise it. The majority of the articles deals with financial cooperatives, or savings and credit cooperatives (SACCOs), or credit unions as they may be called in different parts of the world. Cooperatives in general are non-profit, entrepreneurial and social organisations owned by their members, and have been acknowledged by governments around the world for their potential to advance financial inclusion in communities where they operate. Financial cooperatives lend money to its members from their collective savings at a lower interest rate compared to commercial banks, and with fewer conditions to meet. Borrowers may use the money to open small businesses or solve any family problem. The other part of the book talks about crowdfunding which is a way of raising funds through a public online media from different sources or individuals. It is argued that crowdfunding is an essential instrument for bringing people and communities together with the shared objective of combining private and public resources to promote the welfare of the general population to encourage financial inclusion, more specifically when it is used to finance social projects by social companies. It appears though, that the use of both these tools (financial cooperatives and crowdfunding) are not properly exploited in the way across different regions of the world, with mostly developing countries lagging behind.

This study in a response to the endangered state of African languages in general and the Bafut language in particular sets out to document the language used within cultural rituals in Bafut. The endangerment of African languages in particular, and the world's languages in general, has been a call for concern by linguists such as Krauss (1992) and Harrison (2007). Their reports on the level of language endangerment around the world have helped bring consciousness to the minds of linguists, and the language community about how fast our local languages are dying. In this light, many linguists have taken up the task of studying and analyzing local languages. Some of which include: Ladefoged (1964), Crozier (1978), and Unonji (2019). This study employs both the qualitative and quantitative research design, while drawing inspiration from the theory of Discourse Analysis, particularly the Functionalist Paradigm of discourse analysis to classify four main rituals (birth, enthronement, marriage and death ceremonies) in the form of discourses, in a bid to analyse the language used within them. It goes further to present the different changes that have surfaced within these rituals with the advent of modernism. Using the Extended Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS), it classifies the level of endangerment of the Bafut language. After the consideration of factors such as lack of intergenerational transmission and the amount of language loss within birth, enthronement, marriage and death rituals, the results reveal that the Bafut language can be classified under category 6b of the EGIDS which is termed "threatened".

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, the properties of materials can significantly differ from their bulk counterparts, leading to unique and enhanced functionalities. The physics behind nanotechnology encompasses various principles and phenomena that govern the behavior of matter at the nanoscale. In this book, we can see how these principles help explain phenomena related to heat transfer, phase transitions, and fluctuations at the nanoscale. Understanding these principles is crucial for designing and optimizing nanoscale devices and systems.>Mathematical modelling plays a vital role in understanding and predicting the behavior of nanoscale systems. It provides a quantitative framework for describing complex phenomena and optimizing device performance. Mathematical models in nanotechnology often involve differential equations, statistical methods, and computational simulations.It is crucial for understanding the mechanical properties of nanomaterials. Models based on continuum mechanics, such as elasticity theory and plasticity theory, can predict the behavior of nanomaterials under different loading conditions. These models help in designing materials with desired mechanical properties and optimizing their performance.Mathematical models also aid in the design and optimization of nanoscale devices such as sensors, transistors, and solar cells. By simulating device behavior using mathematical models, researchers can optimize device parameters to achieve desired performance characteristics.

This paper studies the effect of option trading on corporate investment and financing policies. Based on prior literature, I hypothesize that option market induces informed trading and thus reduces information asymmetry and the cost of capital. As a result, firms with high option trading have more investment and financing. Specifically, based on the United States public data, this paper finds that option trading volume increases corporate investment and financing, but reduces cash holdings and corporate payouts. These results are robust to the inclusion of industry or firm fixed effect, a control for endogenous options trading, and the use of alternative measures of option trading and corporate policies. The effect of option trading is stronger for firms with higher information asymmetry problems. Finally, this paper finds the results are inconsistent with the "quiet Life" hypothesis and the catering hypothesis.

Climate change consists of the most important global environmental problem in our era while tourism industry is the main industry in the island of Crete, Greece contributing at around 50% in the regional income. International tourism is growing fast increasing the tourism-related carbon emissions. Climate change and tourism are interconnected and interrelated. Climate change has undesired and harmful impacts on the tourism industry in Crete threatening the local fragile and sensitive ecosystems while the Cretan tourism industry contributes to climate change. The aim of the current book is the study of their nexus and interdependencies. The direct and indirect impacts of climate change on the local tourism industry are investigated as well as their contribution to climate change. The mitigation of all sectors of tourism industry to climate change as well as its adaptation to the new climate conditions are examined and assessed. The de-carbonization in various sectors of the tourism industry in the island is studied highlighting the difficulties of achieving carbon neutrality in each of them. The impacts of Covid-19 as well as the over tourism in the island are also examined. The possibility of creating net-zero carbon emissions accommodation facilities are mentioned. The book highlights the necessity for a sustainable and low-carbon transformation of the local tourism. It could be useful to all stakeholders of the tourism industry in Crete, including the public authorities, who should try jointly to mitigate their impacts to climate change and adapt the attractive and popular insular tourism destination to the new unavoidable climate conditions.

This book will be of interest to those in the project management field. The book is relevant to scholars, academics, and professionals focusing on project performance; it can also be an orientation guide for human resources areas of companies that work with projects, both for hiring, evolution, and maintenance of project-related professionals. Impact factors in various aspects - i.e., project manager's personal characteristics, competencies, and personal traits, process standardization, and project management methods. Contributors include Taciana Lemos Dias, Bruno Silva Oliveira, Bruna Demoner Diniz, and Marcos Paulo Valadares de Oliveira.

In Cambodia, the increasing scarcity of rural labour is pushing farmers to find ways to manage large rice fields with meagre resources and continuously emerging crop management constraints, especially for weed control. Out-migration of rural labour has resulted in a shift from manual transplanting to direct-seeded rice (DSR) and this has changed the spectrum of weed species and made weed management more difficult in rice. This publication describes important weeds of rice in Cambodia, weed seed contamination in rice seed for sowing, weedy rice contamination in paddy and options for Integrated Weed Management (IWM). The elements of IWM include: cultural practices; stale seedbed; crop establishment methods; crop rotation; water management and chemical weed control. Modernisation of weed management in Cambodia, is constrained by a lack of uptake of existing published research and failure to incorporate results of new research into extension media. Multiple conflicting messages emanating from Donors and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) also confuse farmers and delay adoption of good agricultural practices (GAP). Furthermore, in the absence of a functioning public extension service, Cambodian farmers are locked into pesticide-reliant practices and limited use of alternatives. Pesticide manufacturers, distributors and local sellers reinforce pesticide-based recommendations as the dominant technology. In Cambodia, weed research priorities include development of: management practices to reduce weed seed banks in direct-seeded rice fields; integrated weed management strategies to delay or avoid development of herbicide resistance in major weed species in direct-seeded rice; options for the integrated management of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) in direct-seeded rice; and comparison of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with ground application for efficacy and safety of herbicide application in rice.

The importance of SMEs in developing and growing economies around the globe cannot be overemphasized. Small Businesses play a great role in providing citizens with employment opportunities, innovation, and economic growth. The number of attempts by entrepreneurs to establish ventures continues to grow, most of which failed in the formation stage. Therefore, there is the pain of small business failure, which affects the employment opportunities being rendered. Because of the importance of entrepreneurship and small businesses' growth and development, countries initiate intervention programs to support them to succeed and avoid failures. The USA created SBA, and Nigeria created SMEDAN, all in their efforts to sustain the success of small businesses. Despite their importance and government support initiatives, there are still practical challenges associated with entrepreneurship, enterprise, and the economic environment; and they continue to fail within the first five years. The book provides information that is necessary to understand the challenges facing SMEs in Nigeria and the strategies for mitigating the challenges. The book also provided information that can be used to develop best business practice policies and strategies to mitigate failure and spur success. The book will help owners/managers of SMEs with information to mitigate challenges and spur sustainable success, which will ignite economic growth and development through the provision of employment to citizens. A critical success factor model is presented, which will enable owners/managers/policymakers understand useful information about Nigerian SMEs.

Two different tools merge in this book to provide Non-native speakers with new strategies to acquire vocabulary and improve reading and writing skills starting from the autonomy and background of each learner. First, Mnemonics are used as a personal assistant to provide the mind with the information needed to get to a specific vocabulary. Also, comics as a way to learn, better, and create new products that include reading and writing abilities. Both strategies are oriented toward non-native speakers that must manage their learning at a cognitive level in a digitalized era. Mnemonics and comics represent active actions carried out by learners to benefit and reach their second language even when they are not directly in a classroom environment.

The microbiological quality of traditional homemade cheeses and their safety for consumers depends on the microbiological quality of the raw milk used for production, compliance with environmental hygiene standards, the selection of the right disinfectant as well as workers and their personal hygiene. In case of non-compliance with hygiene standards, microbial contamination of raw milk and milk products may occur. Activity of microorganisms can affect health safety and milk technological processing. Undesirable microbiota of milk include frequently present enterobacteria of the genera Escherichia and Enterobacter (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes). A serious risk is also associated with resistant microorganisms and their resistance to more than one antibiotic. Among them we also include bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus sp., which are the main causative agent of mastitis, with higher prevalence in cases of clinical and subclinical manifestations. Recently, the production of enterotoxins has been also confirmed in the aforementioned genus of staphylococci.the presence of enterotoxigenic isolates indicates a potential risk of staphylococcal enterotoxicosis in humans.Based on the above facts a more extensive study about microbiological quality of selected dairy products with a focus on the detection of resistant microbiota is needed, the presence of which creates the possibility of spreading antimicrobial resistance through the food chain.

Improving the strength and other properties of Automobile components like Gears, Brake rotor discs, Pistons etc., are very much needed. Which are made up of Al-SiC particles Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) via centrifugal casting offers high wear resistance at outer periphery and good toughness at inner core by gradient distribution of SiC in Al-matrix. The rich concentration of SiC at outer region is prone to the corrosion phenomena in the components employed in corrosion environments. It is due to the chemical heterogeneity caused by SiC and the intensity of corrosion attack accelerates with increase of SiC particle concentration. The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the above said automobile components can be greatly enhanced by severe plastic deformation (SPD) is demanded, which resulting in a high defect density and equiaxed nanocrystalline (NC) structure (d

The construction of this work consists of identifying the characteristics of filmmaking skills and defining them as competencies, identification, elements of the competency, performance criteria, problems, and application range. The audiovisual representation competency helps guide filmmaking courses at the film school. This curricular competency makes up for the need for more description of a film director's work. Its main characteristic is the ability to translate an abstract story into representation in a two-dimensional spatiality, and it shows what is necessary to communicate through video and film. One of the audiovisual representation skills is translating an abstract story in spatial terms, which is one of the dimensions of abstract thinking fundamental for training professionals in the audiovisual industry.

Plastic waste has been known as the most unsolved environmental problem in this world. Instead of what has been expected, the amount of plastic waste is increasing significantly over years, especially after the pandemic era. Nowadays, 6.3 billion metric tons of plastic waste is produced and 8.4 million tons had been generated within a year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to this fact, an effective and environmentally friendly solution is urgently needed. The ability of Ideonella sakaiensis bacteria to consume polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the main material of plastic, in only 6 weeks becomes great potential to solve this problem. These bacteria need to consume PET for their metabolism and they can produce safety secretes from it as well. Nevertheless, the habitat of these bacteria is very limited. With the technology of genetic engineering, the genes of Ideonella sakaiensis can be modified with Azotobacter sp.'s genes that make them survive in areas that usually have much plastic waste, such as soil and water. This combination is expected to optimize the ability of Ideonella sakaiensis as it boosts the survival capability of the bacteria. As a result, the problem of plastic waste can be solved effectively without damaging the environment and moreover create a sustainable environment.

This book focuses on the secure authentication of all entities involved in the Internet-of-Drones (IoD) environment. Once it becomes securely authenticated, then information broadcasting among each other shall never be compromised. No one forges any message from the open network channel. Its integrity and confidentiality have been preserved. Keeping in view this challenging task, we have first designed a security mechanism based on HMACSHA1 in chapter 1, a simple hash function-based security mechanism in chapter 2, a public key infrastructure (PKI) based protocol in chapter 3, identity, aggregate signature and paring cryptographic based security framework in chapter 4 and elliptic curve cryptographic (ECC) based scheme in chapter 5. We have designed system, network, adversary, and threat models in each chapter. We have also presented a critical literature review in each chapter, analyzed the security of each mechanism in that specific chapter, measured the performance, and compared the newly designed protocol with state-of-the-art protocol in terms of communication and computation costs.

When a vehicle is driving on a highway bridge, it causes the bridge to vibrate, thereby affecting the vibration of the vehicle. This interaction and influence represent the coupled vibration between the vehicle and the bridge. From the perspective of dynamics, a car is a multi-degree-of-freedom vibration system composed of a car body, wheels and suspension system. Due to the weight of the vehicle and the unevenness of the bridge deck, the moving vehicle has a dynamic impact on the bridge structure, forcing the bridge to vibrate, which in turn affects the vibration of the vehicle. In this way, the vehicle and the bridge influence each other through the contact between the wheels and the bridge deck, thereby forming a complex multi-degree-of-freedom coupled vibration system.Dynamic performance of different bridges subjected to moving vehicles are conducted in this book, including of simply-supported girder bridges, continuous girder bridges, steel-concrete girder bridges, rigid bridges, concrete-filled steel tube arch bridges, large-span cable-stayed bridges, large-span suspension bridge. Also, dynamic load allowances corresponding to different responses in different positions of highway bridges under moving vehicular loads are deeply discussed. In addition, some key points on design, construction, reparation, and maintenance of highway bridges are detailedly discussed.This book can be used as a teaching book for civil engineering majors and transportation engineering majors, and can also be used as a reference for technical personnel of related majors.

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is one of the most powerful reliability analysis techniques for identifying and preventing potential risks across various fields. Current FMEA methods, while effective, still present several shortcomings. First, the crisp numbers cannot effectively elicit experts' fuzzy evaluations. Second, the weight of risk factors (i.e., occurrence, severity and detection) are assumed to be equal, which cannot reflect their different importance. Third, the traditional calculation method for risk priority is coarse and lack practical implications. There may exist the situation that two failure modes have the same risk priority number but with different risk levels. To improve the performance of FMEA, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods have been employed to support risk evaluation and prioritization in recent years. This book proposes a novel FMEA method by exploring several MCDM techniques. Benefiting from these techniques, the traditional FMEA method can be improved from the above mentioned aspects. First, the ELICIT linguistic model is employed to generate group risk assessments under uncertainty, which can better model experts' uncertain expressions. Then, grey relation analysis (GRA) is incorporated into the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method to objectively determine the weight of risk factors. Afterward, the traditional outranking method is generalized into the ELICIT environment to prioritize the failure modes. Finally, a case study of FMEA for electro-mechanical actuators is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This book is all about different perception of English language in teaching visually impaired students and teachers perceptions and study of English language as Lingua Franca in Pakistan. Emel Saeed was born in Pakistan city Lahore on 06 August 1994. She took both in Muslim family.. she is a research scholar and published three articles. She is a very positive girl she only believe on positively. Her life is based on one quote " Life is difficult but hope never dies"

Sponsorship of soccer clubs by corporate organizations is a common phenomenon worldwide. Sponsors have been giving assistance such as branded shirts, money, kits and stadia. Before awarding sponsorship, corporate organizations base their decisions on certain criteria. The sponsorship selection criteria have been documented in various studies, yet no such study had been done on the kenya soccer premier league. This therefore was the main focus of this study, whose objectives were four fold:1. To determine the influence of team-centered factors on corporate organizations decisions to sponsor Kenya Premier League clubs. 2. To appraise the influence of country-based characteristics on corporate organizations willingness to offer sponsorship to Kenya Premier League clubs. 3. To establish whether decisions made by corporate organizations to avail sports sponsorships to Kenya Premier League clubs were influenced by environmentally-centered factors.4. To determine whether team-centered, country-based and environmentally-centered characteristics differed significantly in the extent to which they influenced decisions made by corporate organizations to sponsor KPL clubs. Data was collected using self- administered questionnaires and interviews, from purposively selected corporate sponsors and clubs. Furthermore, the descriptive survey design was found suitable because it is concerned with finding out who, what, which and how of a phenomenon. Analysis of data entailed the use of descriptive statistics, with regression being used to test the hypotheses. Results revealed that team-based, country-based and environmentally-centered characteristics, had a positive and significant relationship with decisions made by corporate organizations to sponsor Kenya Premier League clubs. in addition, team-based characteristics had the strongest influence on willingness by corporate organizations to award sponsorship to Kenya Premier League clubs, followed by country-based factors, then environmentally-based factors.

Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are a class of efficient particle devices that enjoys a wide usage in industrial environments to regulate fly ash produced by combustion processes. They are becoming more prevalent, especially as the atmosphere particle emission environmental regulations are consistently getting tighter and interest in the filtration of fine particle removal is at all-time high. The precipitation process is conducted by utilizing an electrical field to ionize and transport the flow particles, also known as flue gas. This results in a clean, precipitated gas. ESPs are preferred over other alternatives mainly due to their low pressure drop of the flow, while retaining high collection efficiency, all while being cost-effective. This book reviews previous works concerning optimizing the performance of single- and multi-stage ESPs by studying the impact of changing various design parameters and evaluating their respective effects on different performance indices. Some of the performance parameters considered are the corona power ratio, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, and overall collection efficiency. Various modeling methodologies are thoroughly discussed, showcasing the timeline of their development, their inherent shortcomings and how these are alleviated in more developed models. The relationship between the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow and the precipitation performance in these models is also presented. As for design considerations, the performance effects of using different electrode configurations and geometries in terms of the number of electrodes, relative dimensions, spacings, channel lengths, and overall design are also reviewed.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has received special attention in the Tourism and Hospitality sector. The researchers of this paper conducted a systematic literature review, in the timeframe from 1990 to October 2022, in three scientific databases: Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct. This study allows the identification of the authors and relevant publications in the research area; the identification of the objectives, contexts, theoretical approaches and methods used in the literature on the subject; to verify the applications that Artificial Intelligence has in Tourism and Hospitality and to understand which are the advantages and disadvantages of the use of this technology in the sector. The main results reveal that the possibilities of application of AI in Tourism and Hospitality are numerous and range from the use of robots for customer service delivery in the hotel and restaurant industry, to Chatbots and Messaging, to Business Intelligence tools powered by Machine Learning, to virtual reality and augmented reality, to the possibility of analysis of large databases.

Multistorey buildings are becoming popular from the last few years due to their compact and space utilization concept due to increase in population and industrialization. This enables the accommodation of more people and offices in the vertical structure by using limited land area. The stability of structure is an important aspect against all the forces. The damage and collapse of any structure against the seismic forces may be due to structural irregularities i.e., horizontal or vertical irregularities. The discontinuity or drastic change in the lateral strength and stiffness of any storey in structure due to any reason become the main cause of failure against the seismic forces. The soft storey is one in which lateral stiffness is less than 70% of that in storey immediately above or less than 80% of the combined stiffness of three stories above. The effect of soft storey should be analyzed and structure should be designed to minimize their effects. The main purpose of this study is to compare the two cases of structure i.e., with and without soft story, under identical Indian standard loading conditions. Staad Pro is used for modelling and analysis of two almost identical models of 10 storey building (with soft or without soft story). The storey at middle of the building i.e. 5th storey of structure was considered as soft storey because it is not always possible for all terrains such as hilly terrains or corporate canteens to be at ground floor. From the analysis, it was found that one soft storey at middle height of structure causes structure to experience almost 50% increase of stresses.

Cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio are just among the infections that can spread due to contaminated water and poor sanitation. Almost 5.8 billion people are suffering from a lack of clean drinking water. People are exposed to health risks that can be avoided when water and sanitation services are absent, deficient or improperly managed. The drinking water of hundreds of millions of people is fatally contaminated or chemically polluted due to improper management of urban, industrial and agricultural wastewater. Arsenic and fluoride are examples of naturally occurring chemicals that may have health implications. Other compounds, like lead may be present in higher concentrations in drinking water as a result of leaching from water supply components that come into contact with the water. Water, sanitation and hygiene in healthcare facilities are just a few of the areas where WHO and UNICEF engage closely. Microbes are crucial to the treatment of wastewater. Protozoans, algae, and several types of bacteria can remove toxins and other dangerous substances from wastewater. Both science and technology had already progressed to the point that we can now employ microbes to identify contamination and toxicity, as well as to destroy germs that infect humans by using other microbes against them. We can safeguard our environment and ourselves by completely dissolving the pollutants in wastewater. We reviewed wastewater treatment in this chapter, including the function that microbes play in the process to manage wastewater.

This book offers a concise review of pertinent terms associated with the study of critical legal theory in post-racial America and the narration style of story telling from outsider looking in or looking up. In moving forward with President Obama ascension in a full election, racial minority members are facing inner inertia for the sake of social harmony while agitated voices from the white community have added to disingenuous elements of lawful integration. This book also contains book reviews from sampling of 2 books by Korean surnamed authors and 2 books by black authors to assess the cost of assertion of rights by persons of color and the benefit of anonymity and silence. They are fiction books by Min Jin Lee (2007), Nancy J Kim (2020), Brit Bennett (2020), and Nafissa Thompson-Spires (2018). This book offers historical context and analysis to couch each author's vantage point in a Post Racial era defined by super sonic technology where sabotage and terror go hand in hand with wealth and celebrity status. Discretion and layers of filters for disclosure and publication are necessary dynamics in reckoning business side of any human interaction by stepping into the shoes of intended audience or consumer. More thought and time in solitary contemplation as well as surveillance and censorship seem to be in place as part daily ritual. Immigrants who are confronted with competing traditions are less prone to take part in the American court system today as they risk bringing either costly or frivolous claims while, at the same time, beguiling, enticing advertisements vis-à-vis misleading but artful presentations have led the way to the newcomer's enduring mocking tone of earlier and settled Americans in checking and curving new comers with dose of reality check.

Ethiopia: - a land of rich culture and tradition, a crossroad of ancient civilization, a meeting of Christianity, Judaism and Islam, the cradle of humanity, a country where abundant archeological relics including "Lucy" 3.2 million years old hominid is cherished. The list of attractions in Ethiopia is endless, the castle of Gondar is a true Marvel for anyone interested in history as are the 11 th century rock-hewn churches of Lalibella and the obelisk of Axum. The OMO Valley is home to some of fearsome and traditional tribes in all of Africa. Furthermore, Ethiopia is famed for the origin of coffee and local culinary delights. It is the source of the Blue Nile and allegedly home of the Ark of the Covenant. With its own unique alphabets and calendar, there is so much to see in this country Ethiopia, including ancient monasteries, mountain ranges, deep gorges Great Rift Valley lakes with itsendemic wild life resources. Ethiopia is also home of UNESCO, registered heritage sites, and Ethiopia is an Exotic destination, generally "Land of origins".

With the rapid development of China's construction industry, construction accidents are commonplace. Among them, the human factor in the process of construction safety management is considered the most important influencing factor. As a new generation of Chinese construction workers gradually takes the mainstream, traditional construction site safety management theories do not achieve good results in the application process. Psychological hazards within the organizational structure of construction sites are difficult to detect and, when they occur, can have a significant negative impact on safety performance. The identification and control of psychological hazards within construction sites is of great significance to safety performance. Affective event theory and leader-member exchange theory have been prominent in revealing aspects of workplace communication and behavioral decision making, but their use in the construction industry has been relatively rare. For construction groups, individuals are influenced by the team climate that has a tremendous impact on their behavioral decisions. Analyzing the mutual influence of managers and construction personnel is important to provide safety awareness, reduce unsafe behaviors, and reduce the incidence of safety accidents among construction personnel.

Mersin, one of the Eastern Mediterranean port cities, is located in the south of Turkey. This region was known as the Cilicia Region in ancient times. At the present time the Adana, one of the most developed cities of Southern Anatolia, is located in the east, Antalya, the most developed city of Turkey in terms of tourism, in the west, and Karaman, Konya and Niğde provinces in the north. It is still one of the most important port cities of Turkey, both in terms of its neighbouring cities and its location. The city, which lost its importance during the Middle Ages and it re-gained its value in the middle of the 19th century. During this period, the port of Tarsus lost its importance due the silting up of the Tarsus river and the Mersin port had started to grow. It is not possible to evaluate the development of Mersin and its transformation into a residential area independently from the port and port trade. The most distinctive feature of the Eastern Mediterranean Port cities is a multicultural society and the presence of European merchants called "Levantine". The word, which means "born" and "East", is used to describe the Eastern Mediterranean Countries. In general terms, Levantine refers to those who came from a European family and settled in an Eastern Mediterranean country. Within the scope of this study, the current status of Levantine architectural heritage in Mersin city center and the preservation problems of them investigated. The arrival of the Levantines in Mersin and their activities in the city were examined historically. As a result, the relations they established with the city were examined through the buildings.

Since the last decades, Southeast Asia has undergone an unprecedented upsurge in religious practice, ritual, association, and observance that defies a century of forecasts by secularization and modernization theorists of religion's immanent privatization and decline. The Philippines has seen dramatic conversion to evangelical and Pentecostal Christianity that later drove some groups of Filipino Catholics to create a quasi-Pentecostal rebranding, namely a Pentecostal-inflected movement that is officially Catholic such as El Shaddai, which has a membership of some 10 million followers, making the group the world's largest charismatic Catholic organization. In the Theravada Buddhist lands of Myanmar and Thailand, the past generation has also witnessed a steady expansion in lay devotion as well as the augmentation of militant Buddhism such as the monk-led 969 anti-Muslim Buddhist movements. Religious resurgence also takes place within Islam. Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Mindanao region of the southern Philippines have experienced dramatic religious revitalization, typified by the rise of Islamism, macrocosm-minded Islam, and transnational religious movements. This book discusses these issues. A comparative study of religious resurgence and public religion in contemporary Southeast Asia, the book aims to examine the socio-historical roots of the present-day religious boom, the links between the religious resurgence and communal conflicts, and the challenges facing religious and secular actors in the struggle for building civil democratic ideals that guarantee interreligious tolerance, peace, harmony, freedom, and citizenship for ethnoreligious minorities.