Bøger udgivet af Cuvillier

Organic and Fairtrade certified coffees have become very popular among socially, environmentally and health conscious consumers in recent years. As consumers pay higher prices for these certified coffees, it is commonly assumed that, compared to conventional coffee, better producer prices are paid and that higher shares of the added value in consuming countries trickle down to the producers. Coffee certifications are thus supposed to benefit the coffee producers. Coffee is an important export good for many developing countries. The majority of global coffee production comes from around 20-25 million smallholder families in developing countries. As individual certifications are too expensive smallholders have to participate in farmer organizations, e.g. cooperatives, in order to access cheaper group certification. Governments and international donors support coffee certification schemes and assume that these link farmers to high-value markets, increase producers¿ incomes, change power and information asymmetries in value chains, and contribute to poverty reduction. Yet, there is only weak empirical evidence that justifies this support. There are few quantitative studies which applied random sampling techniques, and analyzed the effects of certification schemes in regard of gross margins, profits, income shares and poverty levels of certified smallholder coffee producers. The role of cooperatives for the success of certification schemes has been neglected by research. The available studies have methodological limitations, for example they are based on qualitative methods only, include no more than one cooperative or one certification standard, or cooperatives are non-randomly sampled.This research seeks to fill the identified knowledge and methodological gaps. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, the production and marketing strategies of small-scale coffee producers in northern Nicaragua are compared based on producers that are organized in conventional, organic, and Organic-Fairtrade certified cooperatives. The analysis addresses (i) the smallholders¿ household level and (ii) the organizational and institutional level with regard of the cooperatives and respective coffee value chains. The study aims at, first, identifying the socio-economic costs and benefits of participation in organic and Organic-Fairtrade certified coffee chains with respect to level of coffee and household incomes as well as household poverty. Second, it is examined which role the farmer organizations, their respective business models and upgrading strategies, play for the success or failure of certification schemes. Third, the integration of coffee farmers and their cooperatives into the coffee value chain, the structure and functioning of the value chains and the value adding effect of certification is examined.

Vertical integration of integrated circuit dies offers tremendous opportunities from an architectural as well as from an economical standpoint. Memory proximity supports performance scaling, and might enable significant energy savings. Partitioning of the corresponding functionalities and technologies into individual tiers can improve yield and modularity substantially.The paradigm change of stacking active components has a direct impact on heat-removal concepts and is therefore the motivation of this thesis. A stack comprised of a single logic layer in combination with multiple memory dies was identified as the limit for traditional back-side heat removal. To minimize junction temperatures, a stacking sequence with the high heat-flux component in close proximity to the cold plate is proposed.Interlayer cooling is the only volumetric heat-removal solution that scales with the number of dies in the stack. Hence, the focus of this thesis has been to identify the potential of interlayer cooling and to provide a modeling framework. Fundamental heat-transfer building blocks, such as unit-cell geometries, fluid structure modulation, fluid focusing, as well as four-port fluid delivery supporting power-map-aware heat removal, are discussed. Moreover, the theoretical foundation was experimentally validated on resistively heated convective test cavities. Therefore, specific bonding and insulation schemes were developed. Finally, the interlayer cooling performance was demonstrated on a pyramid chip stack.

Thermal diffusion (or the Soret effect) describes the diffusion of matter in the presence of atemperature gradient. Although this process is studied and applied since more than 100 years theunderlying molecular mechanism in liquids is still far from being understood. Colloidaldispersions are versatile model systems to study the thermal diffusion behavior of large particlesin a solvent. However, the synthesis of colloidal particles with identical morphology is acomplex task. On the other hand aqueous surfactant solutions and microemulsions are promisingsystems to study the Soret effect. Compared to colloidal particles the aggregates formspontaneously and do not require any additional stabilisation. Furthermore the radius and theshape of the diffusing aggregates, as well as their interfacial tension can be systematicallyadjusted via the variation of the composition and temperature. In order to address someimportant aspects of the thermal diffusion behavior three different types of self-assembledsurfactant systems were formulated and systematically studied: (i) At first the role of the ionicdye Basantol® Yellow 215, which causes an unexpected two-mode signal in the classicalThermal Diffusion Forced Rayleigh Scattering (TDFRS) experiment [Ning et al. Progr ColloidPolym Sci (2006) 133: 111¿115], is examined using the system H2O ¿ C12E6. Systematic phasebehavior studies and small angle neutron scattering experiments (SANS) proved that the dye isincorporated into the aggregates like an ionic co-surfactant, influencing not only the thermaldiffusion behavior but also the overall properties of the systems. These results strongly suggestthat one should refrain from the use of surface-active dyes in TDFRS experiments onself-assembled systems. (ii) To study the dependence of the Soret coefficient ST on the radius ofthe aggregates and the slope of the interfacial tension, both being controversially discussed in theliterature, different microemulsions of the type H2O ¿ C12E5 ¿n-alkane were formulated thatallow for an isothermal study of these dependencies. Correlating the results of the systematicSANS and interfacial tension measurements with the Soret coefficient ST it was found that withinthe measurement range ST depends almost linearly on the droplet radius, the slope of theinterfacial tension as well as on the product of both quantities. (iii) In the last part systematicsurface tension and TDFRS measurements were performed in binary aqueous n-alkyl glucoside(CiGj) solutions to study the thermal diffusion behavior around the critical micelle concentration(cmc). The obtained results clearly show that the Soret coefficient exhibits an abrupt change atthe cmc. To sum up, this work shows that aqueous surfactant systems and microemulsions areeminently suited to elucidate some of the underlying molecular mechanism of the Soret effect.

This thesis deals with the generation, evaluation, and analysis of cutting planes for mixed-integer linear programs (MILP¿s). Such optimization problems involve finitely many variables, some of which are required to be integer. The aim is to maximize or minimize a linear objective function over a set of finitely many linear equations and inequalities.Many industrial problems can be formulated as MILP¿s. The presence of both, discrete and continuous variables, makes it difficult to solve MILP¿s algorithmically. The currently available algorithms fail to solve many real-life problems in acceptable time or can only provide heuristic solutions. As a consequence, there is an ongoing interest in novel solution techniques.A standard approach to solve MILP¿s is to apply cutting plane methods. Here, the underlying MILP is used to construct a sequence of linear programs whose formulations are improved by successively adding linear constraints ¿ so-called cutting planes ¿ until one of the linear programs has an optimal solution which satisfies the integrality conditions on the integer constrained variables.For many combinatorial problems, it is possible to immediately deduce several families of cutting planes by exploiting the inherent combinatorial structure of the problem. However, for general MILP¿s, no structural properties can be used. The generation of cutting planes must rather be based on the objective function and the given, unstructured set of linear equations and inequalities. On the one hand, this makes the derivation of strong cutting planes for general MILP¿s more difficult than the derivation of cutting planes for structured problems. On the other hand, for this very reason, the analysis of cutting plane generation for general MILP¿s becomes mathematically interesting.

Heavy main group elements, i.e. those where n > 2, exhibit a marked decreasing propensity to engage in pi- bond formation compared to the lighter elements. This presents a huge challenge in contemporary inorganic chemistry and in terms of triple bonding between heavy main group elements and transition metals, reports are rare. In fact, there are only a few examples of complexes featuring triple bond formation to the heavier homologues of carbon (Si ¿ Pb), and in all these cases the transition metal is always a member of group 6 (Cr, Mo, W).This dissertation explores the general reactivity of Power-type ylenes: [EXR] (where E = Ge, Sn and Pb; X = Cl or Br; and R = a bulky m-terphenyl substituent) towards a range of late transition metal complexes in group 8, 9 and 10 with the overall goal of making triple bonds between Ge ¿ Pb with these late transition metal element atoms, hitherto unprecedented.The work described here uncovered the first examples of any transition metal beyond group 6 (Fe) engaging in a triple bond interaction to any heavy homologue of carbon.

Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit der optischen und elektrischen Untersuchungvon anorganischen Nanodrähten aus CdSe und CdS. Beide Cadmiumverbindungensind strukturell ähnliche Halbleiter mit einer direkten Bandlückeim sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums. Die optischenEigenschaften der Nanodrähte hängen von ihrer räumlichen Ausdehnung,insbesondere von ihrem Durchmesser, ab und machen sie dadurch zu eineminteressantem Ausgangmaterial für nanoskalige Anwendungen.Die Experimente wurden mit Rasterkraftmikroskopie, Fluoreszenz- undTransmissionselektronenmikroskopie durchgeführt. Ein speziell angepassteskonfokales Mikroskop wurde in einem neuen Labor wiederaufgebaut und aufandere Anwendungsgebiete erweitert. In den Aufbau wurde eine spezielleAusstattung für optoelektronische Messungen integriert.Insgesamt wurden vier unterschiedliche Typen von Nanostrukturen untersucht.

Against the background of 7.4 million accessions stored in genebanks, long-term survival of stored seeds is an important trait. This study intended to elucidate genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seed deterioration with respect to genetic diversity at different storage treatments ranging from cold storage with low seed moisture content (smc) to experimental seed ageing with high smc.On the basis of an assumed genetic impact on seed deterioration quantitative genetic analyses using four mapping populations were applied. Seeds of three bi-parental barley mapping populations were experimentally aged. Subsequent quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses revealed 4 major loci on chromosomes 2H, 5H and 7H explaining a phenotypic variation up to 54%. Detected loci were confirmed by the fourth population that compromises a collection of independent barley accessions. These genotypes, multiplied in two field plots and experimentally aged were analysed by a genome-wide association approach which resulted in 105 marker-trait associations (MTAs) at 32 loci. Putative functions of MTAs and closely linked QTLs revealed predominantly biotic and abiotic stress affect seed longevity.

Technology alliances are considered as crucial for ensuring firms¿ competitiveness in a highlydynamic and complex business environment. They provide access to complementary technologicalskills of external partners, speed up the development process, allow firms to share research anddevelopment (R&D) costs and risks, and to avoid wasteful duplications.

Cultivations of filamentous fungi are of large industrial and scientific interest. However, the utmost starting point of the majority of those cultivations, the inoculum consisting of fungal spores, has previously been neglected. This work hence introduces a total of nine spore quality indicators and subsequently correlates the sporulation environome to the properties of the generated spores and their performance in submerged cultivation. The model organism is Aspergillus ochraceus while the model process is the hydroxylation of a steroid. A positive correlation between the spore yield and the substrate¿s carbon content on solid medium was found with oat bran agar giving best yields of 26 107 spores/mL at carbon concentrations of 15.4 g/L in the solid medium. The assessment of the conidial metabolome revealed the presence of 126 metabolites. Particularly polyols, such as glycerol, erythritol and ribitol, are found at high concentrations of up to 55 ng/105 spores. It was further shown, that several of these metabolites are degraded within the spores during storage for 7 d in saline solution. Their concentrations also strongly correlate with the storage resistance of the conidia as well as with their performance in subsequent submerged cultivations. Highest reactant turnover of approx. 80 % was determined after 72 h of cultivation with spores generated on wheat bran agar. The culture performance is further a function of the portion of protein bound NADH, which was determined and spatially visualized by means of two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging.

The Dutch sugar industry and sugar beet research institute initiated the project SUSY (Speeding Up Sugar Yield) as a reaction to decreasing beet prices in relation to the reform of the European Unions sugar regime. The project was aimed at softening the reform¿s impact on growers income by improving their knowledge on raising sugar yield and identifying possible cost savings. From each sugar beet growing region in The Netherlands, 26 pairs of ¿type top¿ (high yielding) and ¿type average¿ (average yielding) farmers were selected, based on the average yield of the farm in 2000-2004. All measures of sugar beet cultivation, costs calculation and phytopathological, agronomical and soil characteristics were investigated from 2006 and 2007 on 75 fields of ¿type top¿ and 74 fields of ¿type average¿ growersin relation to yield and quality. The factors year and grower caused most of the significant effects on yield, quality and cost variables. The ¿type top¿ growers had significantly 20% higher sugar yield in each year compared to ¿type average¿ growers, but the total variable costs did not differ. This makes the ¿type top¿ growers more efficient in resource use. Costs for manure and fertiliser, ¿other¿ and irrigation significantly increased the total variable costs. With higher fungicide costs, sugar yield significantly increased. However, there was no significant relation between the intensity of sugar beet production and sugar yield so that the observed differences in sugar yield were not caused by economical constraints. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the most profitable strategy for the growers is maximising sugar yield and optimising costs.

In this work scanning probe techniques, namely frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in the non-contact regime and related methods like Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), and magnetic exchange force microscopy (MExFM), are utilized in ultra high vacuum and at low temperatures to structurally, electronically and magnetically study the monolayer regime of iron on tungsten (001) in real space. Implementing the spectroscopic mode of MExFM, that is, magnetic exchange force spectroscopy (MExFS), the exchange interaction between single iron atoms with antiparallel coupling is experimentally accessed for the ¿rst time.Iron grows pseudomorphically on W(001) whereby the layers are highly strained. Di¿erences in strain between ¿rst and second layer iron and hybridization with the substrate lead to di¿erences in electronic properties and magnetism: both layers exhibit a di¿erent work function, mapped with KPFM. Interestingly, even on the same layer, di¿erent work functions are observed. Moreover, both layers are magnetically di¿erent. The second layer is ferromagnetic (FM) with in-plane anisotropy as veri¿ed by MFM, while the ¿rst layer is antiferromagnetic (AF) with out-of-plane anisotropy. Using MexFM the AF alignment of the monolayer magnetic moments is resolved by detecting the short-ranged magnetic exchange force between tip and sample. The origin of the magnetic contrast formation is discussed and compared to ab initio calculations. Later, MExFS, which allows to directly measure the distance dependence of the magnetic exchange interaction between an atomically sharp magnetic tip and the antiferromagnetically ordered Fe monolayer on W(001), is employed. The site speci¿c distance dependence of the total tip-sample interaction is recorded above Fe atoms which exhibit parallel as well as antiparallel atomic magnetic moments. The contribution of the magnetic exchange interaction between both sites can be extracted by subtracting the two curves from each other. All other interactions are identical on both sites. The experimental results are compared to ab initio calculations accounting for magnetically di¿erent tips composed of either Cr or Fe, or mixtures of both. Depending on symmetry and stability of the experimentally used probe tips, qualitatively di¿erent MExFM contrasts and MExFS data with a stronger distance dependence are observed. By analyzing the energy loss per single cantilever oscillation cycle, simultaneously recorded with topography and frequency shift in the experiments, a bottom-up characterization of the structurally and magnetically unknown probe tip apex is given. Considering the tip apex as magnetically and structurally independent cluster allows to explain the observed tip behavior.

Contract logistics has received considerable attention in both research and practice over the past decades. Concentration on core competencies and cost-saving objectives in commerce and industry are the drivers for intensified collaboration with contract logistics service providers (LSP). LSPs in turn are seeking long-term contracts and higher margins on comprehensive services compared to the price-driven transportation business. In order to reduce managerial efforts, various services are shifted to a limited number of service providers, resulting in comprehensive service bundles being outsourced. As these service bundles are complex and involve specific investments, creating dependency, long-term relationships between the customer ¿ the shipper ¿ and the LSP are established. Hence contract logistics requires profound knowledge and skills of both the LSP and the shipper to successfully establish satisfactory relationships. The design of appropriate service bundles is particularly challenging. The decisions made in this phase form the basis for the relationship of the involved parties. Contract logistics service bundles need to be designed in a way that satisfies both partners in order to guarantee successful contract logistics in the sense of a longterm, stable relationship. However, research has not satisfactory focused on this topic. This dissertation discusses factors that influence successful service bundle design and identifies significant contributors in order to conceptualise the design of contract logistics service bundles and provide guidance for service bundle design based on literature review and empirical investigation.The research at hand focuses on three cornerstones of successful contract logistics service bundle design. First, the resources of LSPs are analysed with respect to their relevance for the design of contract logistics service bundles. Second, the understanding and transfer of shipper needs into the designed service bundles is examined. Finally, the choice of the appropriate remuneration model in the design of contract logistics service bundles is addressed.

The objectives of the investigation presented in this volume are to analyze supply,demand, and trade of protein ingredients (oilseed meals, fi shmeal, meat and bonemeal) in China, as well as the infl uence of internal and external determinants andchanges in the macro-economic policies on these markets. The conceptual frameworkused for that purpose is the basic structural model for analyzing agriculturalcommodity markets. The defi cit status and trade situation of protein ingredients aresimulated within that framework. The results of the econometric analyses indicatethat supply of and demand for soybeans have become less-price responsive in China.The relationships between livestock production and crush demand for proteinmeals as well as their joint oilseeds turned out to be positive. There are constraintson the expansion of soybean harvest areas in China, which is consistent with thelack of suffi cient protein meals in the country¿s livestock sector. Technical change, incontrast, has a positive and signifi cant effect on Chinäs soybean production.Chinäs WTO accession does not have a signifi cant impact on its soybean importsaccording to this investigation; the rising livestock output is the main driving forceboosting them. Chinäs soybean imports have become sensitive to the price developmentof price differences between the domestic and the world market. The regulationson Genetically Modifi ed Organisms (GMO) and food safety policy potentiallyhave strong infl uence on the trade of protein meals and their joint oilseeds. The basicscenario result indicates that Chinäs soybean import dependency rate will substantiallyincrease over the coming years.

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is an important efficient microbial cell factory for industrial production of enzymes as well as organic acids or antibiotics. In submerged cultivation, A. niger exhibits a rather complex morphology which typically has a strong influence on production performance. Although difficult to control so far, the morphological shape is obviously linked to key production characteristics of fungal cell factories.In this regard, comprehensive approaches, combining systems wide analysis and optimization at the cellular level with process driven engineering of the bioreactor environment, seem most useful in order to achieve superior production processes. This was applied to recombinant proteins production in A. niger. The optimization included the use of talc or alumina micro particles, added to the culture, which allowed to the precise controlling the morphological shape of A. niger and increase enzyme production in different recombinant strains. Additionally, the targeted engineering of the morphology of A. niger into high-producing bio-pellet forms of various sizes by the addition of titanate micro particles was demonstrated. This strategy was combined with model-based medium design and development of efficient fed-batch strategies to optimize the production of the high-value enzyme fructofuranosidase, an important biocatalyst for neo-sugar in food or pharmaceutical industry, in the recombinant strain A. niger SKAn1015. As a result, the achieved enzyme titre could be increased to 2,800 U/mL, more than tenfold as compared to previously described processes. The enzyme, obtained by this micro particle enhanced process, could be applied as biocatalyst with minimal pre-treatment for the biosynthesis of 450 g/L of neo-sugar of the inulin type, such as 1 kestose and 1 nystose, which all display pre-biotics with substantial commercial interest.These studies were complementary by systems biotechnology analysis of A. niger as it is expected that this may lead to increased understanding of the context of cellular metabolism, regulation and thus further improvement of strains and processes. Fluxome analyses by 13C isotope studies and in silico design are applied to quantify the underlying carbon core metabolism of A. niger under different conditions. This yielding valuable insights towards the tailor made design of A. niger as a cell factory for recombinant protein production.

Corporate disclosures are crucial for the functioning of efficient capital markets. They reduce informationasymmetries between internal and external parties as well as between informed and uninformed investors.The thesis at hand focuses on voluntary disclosures with regard to CSR and human capital issues, their determinants and their implications for the capital market.

This dissertation implements a hidden Markov models (HMM) based text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis system for European Portuguese (EP).The work describes the different speech synthesis approaches and overviews the use of HMMs in speech synthesis. The history of HMMs in speech synthesis is outlined, the main techniques used to apply HMMs to speech synthesis are explained and the speech parameter generation algorithm is described.The implemented TTS system for EP is presented, together with an analysis of the EP language and phonetic inventory. The natural language processing (NLP) module is described, with a brief description of the use of maximum entropy (ME) in NLP and the results for EP. The EP language dependent module is described, referring to the language contextual factors and decision tree questions for phoneme clustering. A description of the speech synthesis module and of the training process of a synthesis system with the speech parameters generated from HMMs themselves is given. The results of the TTS system evaluation using a mean opinion score (MOS) test-set to test its acceptability and compare it with two other systems evaluate the system.To improve the results, a speech corpus especially designed for context-based EP TTS systems is proposed and a subset of the complete corpus, organized in orthographic sentences together with their phonetic transcription are presented in the dissertation. Two other improvements to the system are suggested: a hybrid system based on the residual signal, in substitution for the pulse train used in the source-filter model of the speech synthesizer for the voiced sounds; and a method for dealing with foreign words, based on the mapping of phonemes from EP with phonemes of other languages or dialects.

X-ray crystallography is the prime method for the elucidation ofthree-dimensional molecular structures. The determination of novelstructures is hampered by the crystallographic phase problem. Forbiological macromolecules experimental phasing is one technique tosolve this phase problem; it usually requires the incorporation ofheavy atoms in the protein crystal.In this thesis a new class of compounds was developed that combinesheavy atoms for experimental phasing with functional groups for interactionwith biological macromolecules. Three functional groupsinteract with protein residues and make the compounds sticky. Threehalogen atoms provide a strong anomalous signal and may be usedfor experimental phasing. The halogen atoms form an equilateraltriangle, which is easily recognised in the heavy-atom substructure. So farseveral novel protein structures have been solved with the iodinetriangle compound. The sticky compounds of the current work arereadily available and easy to use.

Size effects can cause a significant increase in the strength of a metal. In the past, this effect has been extensively investigated for fcc metals but until today only limited knowledge exists on the size dependent behaviour of bcc metals. Bcc metals are used in many applications and, therefore, knowledge of their size scaling is of technological importance. Size effects in bcc metals are also interesting from a fundamental scientific point of view, since underlying dislocation processes of bcc metals differ from those of fcc metals. In contrast to fcc metals, where screw and edge dislocations have similar mobilities with little or no temperature dependence, the mobility of screw dislocations in bcc metals is strongly temperature dependent. In bcc metals, screw dislocations move by thermally activated kink pair nucleation and motion. Below the material dependent athermal temperature, their mobility is lower than that of edge dislocations. In this work, the deformation of Ta and -Fe micropillars was studied using microcompression experiments. Pillars were produced using a focused ion beam microscope and were compressed in a nanoindenter using a flattened tip. The experiments show that there is a distinct size effect in bcc metals. The size effect of -Fe is similar to the one found in typical fcc metals, and it is more pronounced than the one observed in Ta. A combination of this data with data obtained from fcc metals and from several other bcc metals indicates that the size dependence of bcc metals is temperature dependent. The differences in the mechanical behaviour between fcc and bcc metals can be attributed to the difference in mobility of screw dislocations in fcc and bcc metals. Results from microcompression experiments also indicate that screw dislocations control the deformation process. The results of these experiments can be explained by surface enhanced mobilities of screw dislocations. Overall, the mechanical behaviour of small bcc metals may be described by scaling laws as known from fcc metals and an additional temperature dependent component arising from the limited mobility of screw dislocations.

Land degradation due to soil erosion and soil nutrient depletion has contributed to declining agricultural productivity, poverty and food insecurity in Ethiopia. Due to the continuous dependency on agriculture, land degradation and unfavorable climatic conditions, rural development policies in Ethiopia are challenged by two important issues: the need to improve household income to meet the demand for food in the face of growing population and the need to improve or sustain the productivity of land. This highlights the important task of undertaking development research to understand and design appropriate policy incentives and technology interventions.Using primary and secondary data, this study employed a bioeconomic model in a mathematical programming framework to analyze the impact of selected policy incentives and technology interventions on land quality and income of small farm households and an econometric model to assess the factors that influence the use of improved soil and water conservation measures in Anjeni area, North Western Ethiopia.

Optical trapping and manipulation by laser beams offers the unique possibility to handlesingle micrometer-sized particles such as living cells without any mechanical contact,damage or contamination. A second hot topic in biology is microfluidics, where the examinationof biological samples in channel structures with widths below 100 µm reducesthe used sample volume significantly. While the combination of both techniques results inattractive lab-on-a-chip structures for particle sorting and analysis, the commonly bulkytrapping setup is contradictory to the miniaturized concept. Here, the use of vertical-cavitysurface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) as light sources in optical trapping systems allows a strongreduction of the setup complexity owing to the small dimensions, low cost and high beamquality of these devices.

Diese Arbeit begleitet mathematisch eine Genexpressionsanalyse des pflanzenpathogenen Pilzes Magnaporthe grisea während der ersten 24 Stunden seines Wachstums. In jedem Schritt, von der Versuchsplanung bis zum mathematischen Geninteraktionsmodell, werden verschiedene Ansätze vorgestellt, verwendet und diskutiert. Die Varianzquellen von Microarrayexperimenten werden aufgezeigt und dafür geeignete Normalisierungsmethoden präsentiert. Das Buch enthält recheneffiziente statistische Methoden zur Detektion signifikanter Änderungen in der Genexpression und Interpolationsverfahren für die diskret gemessenen Genexpressionslevels zur Entwicklung kontinuierlicher und biologisch interpretierbarer Zeitverläufe. Des Weiteren werden verschiedene Clustertechniken vorgestellt, die die abschließende Bestimmung eines Geninteraktionsmodells ermöglichen. Das Ergebnis wird von mathematischer und biologischer Seite diskutiert. Mit einer umfangreichen Bibliographie wird dem Leser ein guter Überblick über vertiefende und weiterführende Literatur an die Hand gegeben.Da sowohl der mathematische als auch biologische Hintergrund ausführlich dargestellt wird, eignet sich das Buch für alle, die mit der Analyse von Genexpressiondaten arbeiten.