Bøger udgivet af Cuvillier

Formylglycine generation, a unique process necessary for the activation of sulfatases, is a cotranslational event conserved from pro- to eukaryotes and is defined by the modification of the cysteine residue in the CxPxR motif of largely unfolded sulfatase polypeptides to C¿-formylglycine (FGly). This process is confined to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes and catalyzed by the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE), a resident protein of the ER. Mutations in FGE, that impair FGly generation, lead to production of inactive sulfatases that manifests into an inherited metabolic disorder termed multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) in humans. Although FGE has been proposed to function as a cofactor independent monooxygenase, the precise mechanism is not yet clear. In the present study, a baculovirus-based method for expression and purification of recombinant FGE from cultured insect cells was established and the recombinant FGE was characterized in more detail.

This dissertation presents the comparative study of linear oscillating generators using mainly equivalent magnetic circuit through the comparison of each topology ; Cartesian topology, cylindrical topology, hybrid stepping generator, tubular reluctance machine, and transverse flux machine. It is investigated by optimal process, geometrical structures, excited types, and number of phases and number of pole pairs in accordance with each topology.Among the five proposed topologies, the optimal topology is selected by advantages / disadvantages of each topology, academic difference of single- and three-phase, and comparative evaluation by weight factors. The detailed design of the optimal model takes the magnetic saturation effects into account. Besides, the losses will be examined not only iron loss such as hysteresis and eddy-current by various materials but also cooper loss and eddy-current loss of PM.Of importance is also thermal and mechanical robustness, because the generator is usually operating in close vicinity to the combustion chamber and has to withstand high accelerations resulting from the oscillating masses. Therefore, it is achieved by fatigue analysis based on the kinetic equation considering mechanical load and the operating frequency respectively.The results of this study will give elaborate information about the design rules and the performance data of linear oscillating gensets.

The Internet has developed from an information platform to a business platform. Fostered by the Internet of Things, the Internet of Services is the ¿new economy¿ in the Internet. Business providers compose Internet services offered by other parties to value-added, composite services. A new business model has evolved from the possibility to combine independent services to new ones.This book contributes new methods and approaches to stakeholders in the setting of composite services in the Internet of Services. Providers and customers often encounter situations in which information on the quality of offered services is scarce and subject to uncertainty. Deciding for one service or the other includes the possibility of unwittingly paying for a service of low quality while another, better, service is readily available. Distinguishing between good and bad services is both difficult and important for successful business activities in this setting.While trust is a well-known concept in human interaction, it has long been neglected in technical settings. Since the introduction of computational trust, researchers are working on making mechanisms of human trust usable in technical settings. This book applies and evolves computational trust for the application in composite service settings.

A main aspect in psychometric modeling is the measurement of latent traits. This dissertation focuses on two popular methods to analyze latent traits, namely item response methods and paired comparisons.In conventional models for item response (e.g. the Rasch model) or paired comparison data (e.g. the Bradley-Terry model) no covariate information is used. This thesis is concerned with the inclusion of different types of covariates into item response and paired comparison models. The increased flexibility of the proposed models also leads to a higher complexity of the models. Regularization methods prove to be an effective instrument to deal with the increased number of parameters and to differentiate between necessary and unnecessary parameters. The proposed methods are illustrated in various simulations and real data applications.Ein Hauptaspekt der psychometrischen Modellierung liegt in der Messung latenter Eigenschaften. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich hauptsächlich mit zwei weit verbreiteten Methoden um latente Eigenschaften zu analysieren, nämlich Item Response Daten und Paarvergleiche.In gebräuchlichen Modellen für Item Response Daten (z.B. dem Rasch Modell) oder Paarvergleichsdaten (z.B. dem Bradley-Terry Modell) wird keine Information aus Kovariablen berücksichtigt. Diese Arbeit behandelt die Einbeziehung verschiedener Arten von Kovariablen in Item Response Modellen und Paarvergleichsmodellen. Die größere Flexibilität der vorgeschlagenen Methoden führt aber auch zu einer größeren Komplexität der Modelle. Regularisierungsmethoden erweisen sich als probates Instrument um mit der größeren Anzahl an Parametern umzugehen und um zwischen notwendigen und unnötigen Parametern zu unterscheiden. Die vorgeschlagenen Methoden werden anhand von verschiedenen Simulationen und Anwendungen auf echte Daten veranschaulicht.

The modern term of segmentation in marketing and sales can be observed in markets all over the world. In many established European markets a hyper-segmentation (Perez, 2008; Berghoff, 2007) is surpassing this development already. The term of hyper-segmentation expresses the tendency of a market allocation in too many subsegments or small niches. Facing a highly competitive market environment, producers are confronted with limited or declining market shares as well as constant pressure on product prices and costs. ¿Blue Oceans¿ (Kim & Mauborgne, 005), thestill unexploited markets, are the desire of any sales oriented company. Discovering these Blue Oceans is demanding and entering them requires a considerable initial funding.

Due to the increasing demands industrially as well as scientifically on new optoelectronic devices for specific applications, semiconductor materials with desired energy band-gap are needed. In this context, alloying provides the ability to tailor the energy band gap of a compound semiconductor (ternary or quaternary) through the manipulation of its constituent composition. In this thesis, It is focused on two different III-V-based compound semiconductor materials, Ga(NAsP) and Ga(AsBi), both are promising for long-wavelength optoelectronic applications. In particular, quaternary Ga(NAsP) semiconductor structures can be utilized for the fabrication of intermediate band solar cells, for infrared laser emission, and, with a tremendous potential, for the realization of monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits on silicon substrate (silicon photonics). On the other hand, ternary Ga(AsBi) semiconductor structures have been employed for a variety of applications including, for example, but not limited to, photoconductive terahertz antennas, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and optically pumped as well as electrically injected laser diodes.Band gap engineering is achieved in the studied GaAs-based compounds by varying the amount of the incorporated V-element, i.e., nitrogen or bismuth. Despite the advantage of a shrinking in the band-gap energy, the introduction of a small amount of a V-element to a GaAs host structure results in an increase in the disorder potential due to the differences, e.g., in size and electronegativity between the incorporated and substituted anions. The presence of disorder effects within a semiconductor can significantly influence its electronic structure, i.e., the density of localized states (DOS) is increased. Disorder-induced localized states drastically affect carrier recombination processes in semiconductors. The changes in carrier dynamics can be revealed by investigating, e.g., electrical and optical properties of disordered semiconductors. In the presented work, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measurements are employed for the characterization of disorder in semiconductor nanostructures. Beside the need of a qualitative explanation, a quantitative description of disorder effects, i.e., energy scaling of the disorder potential, is a task of crucial importance. Both aspects are discussed through the thesis.

A detailed investigation of sugar beets differing in tolerance and resistance properties at fields with varying Heterodera schachtii infestation in Northern Germany was conducted. The effect of nematode infestation on water consumption, nitrogen uptake, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of susceptible, tolerant and resistant sugar beet varieties was studied. Varietal differences in WUE were primarily associated with differences in yield. Yield of all varieties decreased with increasing nematode population while the susceptible variety showed the steepest decline. Nitrogen status of all varieties was reduced at very high nematode infestation.Further objectives were to investigate the effects of catch crop cultivation (nematode resistant mustard (Sinapis alba L.), catch crop mixture, straw mulch as control), nematicide application and the cultivation of sugar beet varieties on population dynamics of H. schachtii and sugar yield. Establishment of a sufficient catch crop stand was difficult under Northern German cropping practices. Thus, a significant nematode reduction by cultivation of mustard compared to straw mulch was not achieved. In this study, the resistant sugar beet variety showed the best nematode control while maintaining a high sugar yield. Catch crops and nematicide application had no effect on population dynamics of H. schachtii.

The commercialization of hydrogen-powered fuel cell cars, with their environmentally friendly emissions, provides an opportunity to replace current gasoline powered vehicles.The main drawback of hydrogen as a fuel is the low density at ambient temperatures. The gas needs to be compressed to high pressure or kept under cryogenic temperatures to achieve reasonably long driving ranges. These obstacles can be overcome if the tanks are filled with a porous material that adsorbs a high volume of hydrogen. To get a better understanding of the materials performance, an attempt was made to analyze the properties of the adsorbed hydrogen film. High pressure hydrogen isotherms at cryogenic temperatures (77 K, 50 K) have been studied to estimate adsorbed film properties such as density and thickness. In most of the samples saturated hydrogen film densities exceed the liquid hydrogen density at 1 bar and 20 Kelvin by 40%.Additionally a new method was developed to estimate specific surface areas of gas storage materials from high pressure isotherms and tested against the BET theory. The new method does not require knowledge of the packing fraction or cross-sectional area of an adsorbed molecule in the film. In most cases the new method leads to surface areas comparable to those found using BET theory if cryogenic high pressure isotherms are used.

Since 2000, Tajikistan has experienced prominent economic growth. The average rates of economic growth for the period of 2000-2012 exceed 7 percent (AGENCY ON STATISTICS OF TAJIKISTAN [AS], TAJIKISTAN IN FIGURES, 2013). The main drivers of recent growth were labour migration and remittances on the one hand and the Agricultural Sector on the other hand. The number of labour migrants in 2013 constitutes 1.2 million (FEDERAL MIGRATION SERVICES OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 2014). In 2013, remittances were approximately equivalent to 4.2 billion USD (RUSSIAN CENTRAL BANK, 2014) thus being twice as high as the state budget and equivalent to nearly 50 percent of GDP. Remittances are the second most important source of the population¿s income after wages and constitute 35 percent of the population¿s income (AS, INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF POPULATION IN TAJIKISTAN, 2013).

The pressure from population growth in Indonesiäs Java Island has resulted in grave deforestation and forest degradation, leaving only 8.2 percent of forest cover remaining in 2006-2007. Population pressure continued to shrink Javäs forest cover through land conversion into settlement areas and agricultural fields, leaving small, isolated forest patches situated on mountain tops, like the ones found in the Dieng Mountains. Located in Central Java Province, Indonesia, the Dieng Mountains ecosystem has an important role in providing a wide range of goods and services, especially in supplying freshwater to its adjacent areas and maintaining biodiversity. However, the montane forests in the Dieng Mountains suffer from degradation caused by population pressure. Poor farming practices have resulted in the occurrence of pesticide pollution, a high level of erosion, soil sedimentation in lakes and reservoirs, landslides, and mud floods. Forest fires, illegal logging, forest looting, followed by land encroachment and shifting cultivation, have replaced the mature montane forests with young secondary vegetation. Regrowth forests have become the major vegetation type surrounding the Dieng Plateau, and with current farming practices, the trend of their formation indicates that they will persist into the future.So far, little has been done to deal with regrowth forests in the Dieng Mountains, and their value in terms of ecosystem functioning and biodiversity preservation has been insufficiently studied. Since the Dieng montane forests are known to harbor many endemic and rare wildlife species, it is important to understand how wildlife species in this area cope with habitat change. This research is an attempt to examine the impact of land use change resulting from humaninduced disturbances to the local flora and fauna, specifically to bird and mammal communities. The results of this research will provide an overview of the present condition of the Dieng Mountains ecosystem and help to fill in the information gaps left by previous studies. This research will provide policymakers with knowledge of the current state of the Dieng Mountains, allowing them to develop an effective program with reasonable goals and take appropriate actions in their effort to improve the ecological conditions of the Dieng Mountains.

Within the last 30 years commercial mm-wave technology was mainly driven by the automotive industry. Having started at 24 GHz, the suppliers in Europe are now forced to switch to the 76-81 GHz frequency band due to administrative regulations. As a consequence, great efforts have been done in developing mm-wave components suitable for low cost mass production. Nowadays, chip sets or even single chip frontends are available, mainly based on GaAs or SiGe technology. Even though these devices are intended for automotive sensors, the technology is also available for fields with low volume and even niche applications.The dissertation describes the development of wideband sensors at 79 GHz suited to address many potential applications within different areas like industrial and security sensing.

Since 2008, more than 50% of all people worldwide are living in urban areas. The urban population is expected to grow from 3.5 billion to 5 billion over the next 20 years. Population density, waste, poverty, mobility, and air quality are just some examples of challenges faced in urban areas today and even more in the future.A solution proposed today is known as smart city. The main idea is to use information and communication technology to provide a kind of ¿real-time data layer¿ for cities. This will increase the transparency and efficiency for all stakeholders (e.g., citizens, industry, commerce, and government). In order to attempt to provide such a real-time data layer, wireless sensor networks are identified as the key technology. They are supposed to offer a cheap and easy solution for large-scale deployments. In addition, wireless communication reduces the need for further infrastructure.We identified three key challenges in applying urban sensor networks: (i) deployment, (ii) standards and generic solutions, and (iii) energy. This work focuses on new approaches tackling the energy challenge and how real-world systems can be built.Seit dem Jahr 2008 leben erstmals mehr als 50% der Menschen im urbanen Raum. Das ständige Wachstum der Städte, besonders in Asien, Süd- und Mittelamerika, stellt die Stadtplanung vor immer neue Herausforderungen. Bevölkerungsdichte, Mobilität, Müllentsorgung und Luftverschmutzung sind nur einige Beispiele für diese Herausforderungen. Davon betroffen sind Bewohner, Handel, Industrie und Verwaltung gleichermaßen. Um diesen Herausforderungen in der Zukunft besser begegnen zu können, wird heute der Begriff der intelligenten Stadt --- der Smart City --- geprägt. Ein zentraler Punkt einer intelligenten Stadt ist die Möglichkeit jederzeit Daten, möglichst in Echtzeit, über den Zustand der Stadt zu sammeln und diese den Entscheidungsträgern bereitzustellen. Diese Daten werden dann genutzt, um zu jeder Zeit transparente, aber vor allem effiziente Entscheidungen zu treffen. Intelligente Städte brauchen also eine immer verfügbare Datenebene, um mit den zukünftigen Herausforderungen fertig zu werden.Als eine der grundlegenden Technologien für diese Datenebene sind drahtlose Sensornetzwerke identifiziert worden. Drahtlose Sensornetzwerke versprechen eine kostengünstige und großflächige Datensammlung, auch in Stadtgebieten. Durch die drahtlose Datenübertragung und eine relativ geringe Größe lassen sich die Sensorknoten leicht ausbringen und in bestehende Infrastrukturen integrieren.Wir haben drei zentrale Herausforderungen für die Nutzung dieser urbanen Sensornetze identifiziert: (i) Installation der Sensoren, (ii) standardisierte und generische Software und (iii) Energie. Bis heute ist Energie die wichtigste Herausforderung, weshalb in dieser Arbeit besonders darauf eingegangen wird.

En France comme partout dans le monde, les populations dans leur ensemble ont vécu avec difficulté la crise financière qui est aujourd¿hui loin d¿être terminée. Cette crise financière commencée en 2008 associée à la crise économique et sociale, a eu un impact considérable chez les immigrés africains. Cette étude, menée auprès des associations dites tontinières basées à Strasbourg, interroge les transformations de ce mode d¿organisation solidaire face à cette situation de crise. Un autre objectif atteint de ce livre est d¿analyser les raisons d¿apparition de la tontine dans les milieux africains en France, d¿analyser l¿impact social et financier de la pratique tontinière sur les membres des associations issues de l¿immigration en prenant l¿exemple dans la ville de Strasbourg. Il en ressort que les pratiques tontinières observées résultent des difficultés qüéprouvent des populations non seulement issue de l¿immigration mais aussi certains autochtones, à l¿accès au crédit bancaire dans leur volonté de lutter contre la précarité dans laquelle elles se trouvent. Que de la complexité de la constitution d¿un dossier de demande de prêt auprès des banques, de l¿impossibilité à fournir des garanties nécessaires généralement exigées par ces institutions, en ressort les volontés de contournement du système d¿où la nécessité de transposer des pratiques, nécessaires à la résolution de leurs problèmes financiers spécifiques.

In this contribution the novel system for the dynamic flowsheet simulation of solids processes is presented. The system is generally applicable for all types of solids processes without limitation for specific process types. In a distinction to the existing flowsheet simulation systems, which have been mainly developed with a focus on fluid processes, the novel system allows to treat multidimensional distributed parameters properly.To perform dynamic modeling of various industrial plants the library of dynamic units has been developed. These units can be easily added per drag and drop functionality onto the flowsheet and in this way the necessary process structure can be created. To make a simulation of various granulation plants the new dynamic models of fluidized bed spray granulation have been developed and implemented.The fluidized bed spray granulation is widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food and agricultural industries. In the majority of cases the granulation plants have a complex dynamic or even unstable behavior. Therefore, the dynamic simulation is one the of most effective way to understand process transient behavior, to optimize process and to develop different control strategies.However, for the flowsheet simulation primarily empirical or semi-empirical models are used, where material microparameters and specific apparatus properties are poorly considered. To obtain more detailed estimation of process behavior, the multiscale modeling concept of solids processes has been developed. On the basis of the multiscale modeling methodology the novel multiscale simulation environment has been created. This environment consists of several models, which describe the process on different time and length scales, and has been effectively applied to the fluidized bed spray granulation process.

Interest in lanthanide (Ln) coordination chemistry has increased significantly over the past few years, in particular as a result of their intriguing spectral and magnetic properties. LnIII ions are ¿hard acids¿ and generally prefer to coordinate with ¿hard bases¿ such as O- and F-donor ligands. Their coordination geometries are usually determined by ligand steric factors rather than crystal field effects. The research described in this dissertation mainly focuses on the interaction of LnIII ions with O-donor ligands such as carboxylates and polyols, while aiming to synthesize Ln-based polynuclear coordination compounds having interesting magnetic properties. Moreover, investigation of the influence of ligand back-bone on the magneto-structural properties of the resulting compounds was explored. Consequently some novel and efficient one-pot synthetic methodologies have been successfully developed to prepare Ln-based polynuclear clusters as well as networks of various dimensionalities, displaying exciting magnetic properties. Also correlations between structural parameters and magnetic properties have been established. The resulting compounds were characterized in detail using analytical methods like FT-IR, elemental analysis, single crystal XRD, powder XRD, and magnetic SQUID measurements.

Regions and nation states in the European Union are dealing with unionwide and global integration processes. For this analysis, two developments arising during this integration process and which are discussed separately will be explored together. Firstly, regions in the EU as an integrating economic area are confronted with structural changes having an impact on the risk exposure and the economic performance. These structural changes are facilitated by increased mobility of products and services within the European Single Market.Secondly, regions are part of nation states and thus embedded in vertical and horizontal government organisation as part of the public institutions of a country which again infl uence the regional economic performance. The main research questions which will be addressed are the following:- Is regional specialisation and sectoral concentration increasing as possibly predicted by the new economic theories and e.g. stated by Krugman (1993)? What are the recent trends in the incumbent EU member states (EU15) and the new member states in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the course of economic and political integration?- Considering decentralisation, which recent trends in decentralisation on different dimensions can be observed in recent years?- How do regions specialise if they have autonomy on taxes and other revenue components?- Is horizontal competition between local layers of government benefi cial for the regional growth performance?

In the presented thesis, the possibilities to synthesize titania nanostructures and the possibilities to fill the resulting nanostructures by other materials are investigated for photovoltaic applications. The solar cells based on titania are distinguished either as hybrid or as dye-sensitized solar cells. The main focus of the investigations lies on the correlation of the morphology and the functionality of the obtained thin films.The different investigated systems and related questions comprise the structuring of titania on the one hand, and the filling of the structures on the other hand. Sol-gel chemistry in combination with block copolymers as structure templates is applied to obtain titania thin films with a sponge-like morphology, which shows a high porosity and both mesopores and macropores. The structures are investigated in thin films, but also in a nanostructured drop of titania. Improvement of the structures by the combination of micro-fluidics with the templated sol-gel is also discussed. Furthermore, a low temperature synthesis route is examined to obtain crystalline titania. The stability of the resulting titania films is checked for water vapor infiltration with the resulting capillary forces. In order to obtain working solar cells, the titania nanostructures need to be filled by hole-conducting materials. The degree of filling of the structures with hole-conducting organic materials is related to the functionality of the solar cells.

The present thesis aimed to investigate the mediating roles of positive and negative affect in the context of social support and interpersonal conflict. For this purpose, two studies using data from the Swiss Household Panel (SHP) were conducted. In the first study, the association with spousal support and individual health with respect to the mediating role of positive affect was investigated. To this aim, waves from 2006 to 2010 of the SHP were assessed using autoregressive cross-lagged models in order to consider causal effects. Data analysis was restricted to individuals (585 men, 752 women) who were living in a relationship during all years of assessment and who were older than 18 years. Results suggest that whereas men benefit directly from spousal support, in women, this effect is mediated by joy.In the second study, the mediating influence of negative affect in the context of interpersonal conflict and individual health was examined. Waves from 2000 to 2011 of the SHP were assessed using growth curve modeling to observe changes in self-reported health over time. Here too, only individuals within close relationships were included in the analysis (585 men and 752 women) in order to test for conflicts with closely related persons. Conflicts showed direct negative effects on women¿s health; however, in men, this effect was mediated by anger and sadness.

E m¿vel nyilvánossá teszünk szerkesztett módon egy 19. század elejei kéziratot. A kézirat egy vers, mintegy 90 oldal. A kézirat f¿leg a paraszti életet írja el. Minden rész végén vannak úgynevezett ¿nóták¿. Kijelöli a kéziratot az 1848-as forradalmi részvétel leírása, lóháton, amit szeretett. Varga József, az ¿söm, 1813-ban született, így id¿szer¿, hogy az idén, a 200. évfordulója alkalmával, nyilvánitsuk ezt a kéziratot. A történelem melyröl szó van, Kiskunfélegyháza város közelében történt, egy településen, ahol a szerz¿ élte élete nagy részét (Galambos tanya). A bevezetésbe a családi történtröl mind a városi törtenelemröl van szó. A verset erdetibe, mai helyesírási átíraásban valamint angolul tesszük rendelkezésre, szembesitve a skennelt kézirattal.Through this work we publish in edited mode a 19th century manuscript. The manuscript is a poetry piece, about 90 pages. The manuscript describes mainly the peasant life. At the end of each part there are so-called ¿songs¿. Characteristic for the manuscript is the description of the participation in the 1848 revolution, on horseback, which the author liked. Varga József, my ancestor, was born in 1813, so it is timely to publich this year, at the 200th anniversary, this manuscript. The history about it talks happened in the vicinity of Kiskunfélegyháza city, in a locality where the author lived most of his life (Galambos farm). In the introduction we talk about the family history as well as about the history of the city. The poetry itself is available in original, in transcription according to today¿s grammar as well as in English, opposite to the scanned manuscript.

This thesis deals with new techniques to construct a strong convex relaxation for a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP). While local optimization software can quickly identify promising operating points of MINLPs, the solution of the convex relaxation provides a global bound on the optimal value of the MINLP that can be used to evaluate the quality of the local solution. Certainly, the efficiency of this evaluation is strongly dependent on the quality of the convex relaxation.Convex relaxations of general MINLPs can be constructed by replacing each nonlinear function occurring in the model description by convex underestimating and concave overestimating functions. In this setting, it is desired to use the best possible convex underestimator and concave overestimator of a given function over an underlying domain ¿ the so-called convex and concave envelope, respectively. However, the computation of these envelopes can be extremely difficult so that analytical expressions for envelopes are only available for some classes of well-structured functions.