Bøger udgivet af CAMBRIDGE

Many multiagent dynamics can be modeled as a stochastic process in which the agents in the system change their state over time in interaction with each other. The Gillespie algorithms are popular algorithms that exactly simulate such stochastic multiagent dynamics when each state change is driven by a discrete event, the dynamics is defined in continuous time, and the stochastic law of event occurrence is governed by independent Poisson processes. The first main part of this volume provides a tutorial on the Gillespie algorithms focusing on simulation of social multiagent dynamics occurring in populations and networks. The authors clarify why one should use the continuous-time models and the Gillespie algorithms in many cases, instead of easier-to-understand discrete-time models. The remainder of the Element reviews recent extensions of the Gillespie algorithms aiming to add more reality to the model (i.e., non-Poissonian cases) or to speed up the simulations. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

Most research has investigated Multiracial and Multicultural populations as separate topics, despite demographic and experiential overlap between these. This Element bridges that divide by reviewing and comparing Multiracial and Multicultural research to date¿their origins, theoretical and methodological development, and key findings in socialization, identity negotiation and discrimination¿to identify points of synthesis and differentiation to guide future research. It highlights challenges researchers face when studying these populations because such research topics necessitate that one moves beyond previous frameworks and theories to grapple with identity as flexible, malleable, and influenced both by internal factors and external perceptions. The areas of overlap and difference are meaningful and illustrate the social constructive nature of race and culture, which is always in flux and being re-defined. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

This Element argues that relational policy analysis can provide deeper insights into the career of any policy and the dynamics of any policy situation. This task is all the more difficult as the relational often operates unseen in the backstages of a policy arena. Another issue is the potentially unbounded scope of a relational analysis. But these challenges should not dissuade policy scholars from beginning to address the theme of relationality in public policy. This Element sketches a conceptual framework for the study of relationality and illustrates some of the promise of relational analysis using an extended case study. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

"Sustainability reflects perhaps the greatest combination of design problems facing local governments today. To look at the future, crises are everywhere, and they are contagious: climate change hastens pandemics and exacerbates systemic inequity. Yet, there is precious little theoretical or empirical consensus about how public managers should systematically address these challenges. This Element explores the role of public managers as designers. Drawing from systems-thinking and strategic management, a process-tracing methodology is used to examine three design processes whereby public managers develop strategies for adapting to climate change, build the requisite capabilities and evaluate outcomes. Across three cases, the findings highlight the role of managers as "design-oriented" integration agents and point to areas where additional inquiry is warranted"--

Passages, Third Edition, is a two-level, multi-skills course that will quickly and effectively move adult and young-adult learners of English from high-intermediate to the advanced level.

The tension between innovation and financialisation is central to the business corporation. Innovation entails a 'retain-and-reinvest' allocation regime that can form a foundation for stable and equitable economic growth. Driven by shareholder-value ideology, financialisation entails a shift to 'downsize-and-distribute'. This Element investigates this tension in global pharmaceuticals, focusing on the two leading UK companies AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline. In the 2000s both adopted US-style governance, including stock buybacks and stock-based executive pay. Over the past decade, however, first AstraZeneca and then GlaxoSmithKline transitioned to innovation. Critical was the cessation of buybacks to refocus capabilities on investing in an innovative drugs pipeline. Enabling this shift were UK corporate-governance institutions that mitigated US-style shareholder-value maximisation. Reinventing capitalism for the sake of stable and equitable economic growth means eliminating value destruction caused by financialisation and supporting value creation through collective and cumulative innovation. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

"A necessary book for healthcare professionals and theologians struggling with moral questions about rationing in healthcare. This book outlines a Christian ethical basis for how decisions about health care funding and priority-setting ought to be made"--

"This book discusses re-engineering the sharing economy and appeals to a broad, cross-disciplinary range of academic readers and to non-academic readers intrigued by the sharing economy as a disruptive force. It is for readers concerned about reports describing the sharing economy as creating inequities for workers, consumers, and other participants"--

"By using a transitional justice perspective, this book offers a critical evaluation of the responses of Western States and churches to their historical abuses. It assesses the role of power and emotions in various contexts, from public inquiries to reparations, to develop a framework that can be applied to other transitional justice enterprises"--

The Starter Combo B Pack includes the second half of the Student's Book and print Workbook. The Digital Pack includes: Online Assessment, Digital Workbook and an eBook with audio and video, and Documentary Video, available on the Cambridge One platform.

The Starter Combo A Pack includes the first half of the Student's Book and print Workbook. The Digital Pack includes: Online Assessment, Digital Workbook and an eBook with audio and video, and Documentary Video available on the Cambridge One platform

"Corporate and antitrust legislation is complex and covers a vast array of policy interests that may often be perceived as inextricable. This book opens a window to the complex interaction among these two traditionally separated but highly interconnected fields of policy making focusing on the most recent trending topics"--

Carbon markets ¿ both emission trading systems and baseline and credit systems ¿ are an increasingly common policy instrument being introduced to address climate change mitigation. However, their design is crucial to ensure that they deliver cost-effective emission reductions while maintaining environmental integrity. This Element puts together a comprehensive, principle-based overview of the risks and abuses to environmental integrity and cost effectiveness that have emerged for carbon markets at all jurisdictional levels around the world, provides concrete examples, and offers effective policy and governance solutions to overcome such risks. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

This combined revision guide and workbook provides a wealth of exam-style questions and detailed guidance to give students the confidence they need to tackle a full range of exam questions. It provides clear and concise summaries of key learning points, with a strong visual presentation, to help focus students' attention. Write-in activities support consolidation of learning and encourage active revision. Confidence-building activities help students to unlock the language of assessment and achieve their potential. Includes digital support to help students check their knowledge and understanding, and to learn what to expect from different types of exam questions.

"Scholars and practitioners seek development solutions through the engineering and strengthening of state institutions. Yet, the state is not the only or the primary arena shaping how citizens, service providers and state officials engage in actions that constitute politics and development. These individuals are members of religious orders, ethnic communities, and other groups that make claims on them, creating incentives that shape their actions. Recognizing how individuals experience these claims and view the choices before them is essential to understanding political processes and development outcomes. This Element establishes a framework elucidating these forces, which is key to knowledge accumulation, designing future research and effective programming. Taking an institutional approach, this Element explains how the salience of arenas of authority associated with various communities and the nature of social institutions within them affect politics and development. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core"--

"This book draws on the thought of Thomas Aquinas to provide an innovative approach to the ethics of lying and truthfulness. It offers a definitive interpretation of Aquinas's thought on the morality of lying, and it makes a novel contribution to theological ethics"--

Suitable for students of Cambridge IGCSE(TM) English as a Second Language (0510/0511/0991/0993). Help your students confidently prepare for assessment with the Cambridge IGCSE(TM) English as a Second

"This interdisciplinary volume re-examines a foundational principle of modern politics, popular sovereignty, which has come under pressure from deepening polarization and the global rise of authoritarian populism. Eighteen cutting-edge contributions from scholars and practitioners engage with the dilemmas of popular sovereignty through a variety of methodological approaches and comparative perspectives"--

Authentic examination papers from Cambridge provide perfect practice because they are EXACTLY like the real test. Inside IELTS 17 General Training with Answers with Audio you'll find FOUR complete examination papers plus details of the different parts of the test and the scoring system, so you can familiarise yourself with the General Training test format and practise your exam technique. Download the audio for the Listening tests, example Speaking test videos, answer keys with extra explanations and sample Writing answers (instructions on inner front cover), or access your audio and video directly via QR codes in the book.

"Collaboration-based approaches to healthcare improvement attract much attention. They involve networks of people coming together to cooperate around a common interest, with shared goals of improving care and mutual learning. Longstanding examples of collaborative approaches have been associated with some success in improving outcomes and reducing harm. The evidence for their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, however, remains inconsistent and contingent on the circumstances in which they are deployed and how they are used for what purpose. Several models for collaboration have been developed, varying in structure, format, and balance between internal leadership and external control. We focus on two approaches: quality improvement collaboratives and communities of practice. We explore evidence of their impact on health outcomes, and evidence about how best to organise and implement collaboration-based approaches. Using examples of more and less successful collaborations, we offer guidance on the key challenges involved in using collaboration-based approaches to improve healthcare"--