Bøger udgivet af BAR Publishing

A memorable volume to mark number 1000 in the BAR International Series. After the most prolonged period of study and research, Ann Brown has prepared a detailed, facsimile edition of Arthur Evans's travel diaries in Crete (1894-99), which are now part of the Evans archive in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Each page of the diaries is reproduced, showing all Evans's drawings and sketches; opposite is a transcript with commentary and notes. For each year, Ann Brown has written an introduction and she concludes her study with a range of valuable reference material. Evans had been a journalist, and his interest in politics is sometimes mirrored in his writing, as he spelt out the difficulties of working and travelling in the island. His diary also reveals the development of his ideas about a prehistoric writing system which he named Minoan, which he soon realized was earlier than that of Mycenae. As Arthur Evans's record proceeds, a picture emerges of the state of archaeology in Crete, and the co-operation between the small band of international scholars working and travelling in the island at this time. Everyone with the slightest interest in Crete will want to refer to this important book.

Colloque / Symposium 9.2Commission XIVThis book includes papers (7 in French, 3 in English) from the session The Neolithisation Process from Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001.

Aves Ditch is one of the best-preserved and yet most enigmatic of the ancient monuments in Oxfordshire, and it has remained a landmark to the present day. Lined by a straight row of trees, it can be seen over a fair distance. It runs virtually dead straight over no less than 4.2 km from north of Kirtlington to the modern parish boundary between Upper Heyford and Middleton Stoney. For over three centuries scholars have wondered whether it is of pre-Roman, Roman or Anglo-Saxon origin, whether it was a road or a linear earthwork and, in the latter case, what function it may have served. Notwithstanding this centuries-old debate and it being easily accessible just 15 to 22 km north of Oxford, it is also one of the least known of the county's visible archaeological features and is seldom referred to in popular or scholarly work on the history or archaeology of the region. Previously unpublished excavations of the 1930s and further work in the 1990s have contributed much to solving this enigma, and the present book provides the final report on these excavations.With contributions by Paul Booth, Patrick Erwin, Peter Hacking, Birgitta Hoffmann, Stephanie Knight and Mark Robinson.

The subject of this work is the archaeology of exploitation of woodland on and around Exmoor, in south-west England. It fits into the existing body of research at three levels. Firstly, it attempts to analyse patterns of woodland management over a large area. In this respect, it forms part of a modern trend, with many writers on woodland now recognising the need to move away from histories of individual woods and adopt a wider perspective. Secondly, the area studied in this research is an upland and its fringes, with a dispersed settlement pattern, which is an environment of a type still under-represented in work on landscape development. In particular, work on woodland has, until recent years, tended to focus on the southern, eastern and central lowlands of England, which may have more centralised patterns of settlement. Thirdly, the geographical area selected for study, Exmoor and its fringes, saw relatively little sustained scholarly work until the 1990s, in comparison to other uplands of the south-west, and knowledge of its past land use has consequently been extremely limited. Perceptions of its woodland have been conditioned by the need to collect data for management purposes, generating a series of surveys and assessments carried out from the mid-1990s.The results of these surveys, which recorded a high level of archaeological features relating to woodland management, indicate that further progress can now be made by analysing and interpreting the data. The period covered by this research runs from the date of Domesday Book (1086) to the early 19th century.

The subject of this study is a collection of over one hundred intaglios, cameos, seals and rings acquired by Tom and Danielle White during a diplomatic posting in Burma (Myanmar) between 1985 and 1989. (Another private collection of intaglios, seals, sealings and other objects from Burma is described briefly in the Appendix.) Twenty rings from Java, also from the White collection, have been added at the end of the catalogue. Until now the few engraved gems from Burma which have been published are scattered through periodicals or only briefly mentioned in larger works. The opportunity has been taken in the present catalogue to compare, where possible, this collection from Burma with intaglios, sealings, coins and other objects from India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia and elsewhere which may help to set this collection in its regional context. In Part B of the introduction brief descriptions are given of the main Pyu sites in Burma; and of the other 'Indianised' sites in Arakan and elsewhere in Southeast Asia, where engraved gems have been found.Photographs of the White Collection by Robert Wilkins

Excavation of the Roman colony of Pollentia began in 1957. The initial effort was limited to the property Sa Portella immediately south of the city of Alcudia, Mallorca, where three atrium-style houses were uncovered. After 1963 attention turned to the search for and excavation of the Forum of Pollentia. Annual campaigns during the summer months in the area of the Forum were initiated in 1980 on the property Ca'n Reinés and continue to this day. A brief preliminary report on the excavations appeared in 1987, but a full account has never been published, and sadly much of the record has been lost over time. The purpose of this monograph is to give a brief history of early investigations on the site, to summarize the Sa Portella excavations, the reports on which are now out of print, and to present an account in English of the discoveries in the Forum area of the city.

This monograph represents a new step in Australian archaeology. It presents a detailed quantitative, technological analysis of flaked stone artefacts, of a kind not published previously in Australia. The detailed nature of the analysis reflects the measurement of a large number of variables on each specimen, as well as the use of those measurements in an extended study of the archaeological patterns. The detail of these analyses can be judged by the fact that the monograph deals with only one archaeological assemblage: the stone artefacts from Capertee 3, a site excavated in the Blue Mountains immediately west of Sydney. This volume develops and tests models of artefact variation and production to an extent not seen before in Australia. More importantly,the analysis of data involves the statistical interrogation of quantitative measurements and is designed to reveal the magnitude and direction of morphological variation within the assemblage. The technological approach adopted allows for the first time in Australian archaeology an evaluation of the nature of changes in the manufacture of retouched flakes in a sequence spanning the entire Holocene. This evaluation enhances current understanding of cultural change in Holocene eastern Australia by allowing the testing of a number of propositions about the rate and uniformity of change in archaeological assemblages. In particular these analyses initiate a review of models of the Eastern Regional Sequence by creating a record of the stoneworking processes in one of the key archaeological sites that define the purported Eastern Regional Sequence.

Dedicated to Hal Ball, this volume contains twelve chapters dealing with specially selected aspects of each contributor's current research in the ancient past of the Maya, Mesoamerica, or Central American peoples. It is a compilation of individual studies that reflects the present state of knowledge on a considerable range of subjects.

Colloque international: Données récentes sur les modalités de peuplement et sur le cadre chronostratigraphique, géologique et paléogéographique des industries du Paléolithique ancien et moyen en Europe.Rennes, 22-25 septembre 2003.

In this original work, the author aims to develop a synthetic perspective for enhancing the understanding of the roles death and life-giving waters have in the constitution of society and cosmos in karmic traditions through a material culture study of death and funeral practices as cultural, ritual, and religious processes in parts of Nepal, Bangladesh, India, and the Indus Valley.

Elephantine Island is the largest of the Aswan area islands, and is one of the most ancient sites in Egypt. The sealing material of the town of Elephantine was uncovered and collected by the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut in Cairo (DAI-German Institute) in the years 1972-1991 in 15 archaeological missions. With its more than 1600 objects, it is one of the most important and biggest corpora of its kind that has ever been found in an urban context from the Early Dynastic (Middle/Late Second Dynasty) and from the very beginning of the Old Kingdom (Third Dynasty). Study of the material has led not only to the establishment of a very differentiated typology, but also assisted with the determination of the characteristics of different sealing methods and traces of the materials found on the backs of the seals. The insights given to the trade and storage of goods in the town of Elephantine are considerable.

On the northwestern Plains of North America, most archaeologists have indicated that the movement of bison, whether seasonal or otherwise, influenced the movements of the Native people. Most researchers have argued that bison spent the summer on the plains but, as cooler weather approached, they sheltered themselves in the parkland, river valleys, and wooded uplands. The movement of Native people was expected to parallel that of the bison. Yet, some researchers persist in their convictions that bison were erratic and unpredictable in their movements. Still other researchers have argued that large-scale movements did not occur and bison were numerous on the plains throughout the year. Thus, Native people could only procure bison based on an 'encounter strategy' or by remaining in close proximity to a given herd or a 'herd following strategy'. In contrast, the first model suggests that bison migrated in relatively predictable patterns and, thus, could be procured using an 'intercept strategy'. To address the lack of consensus concerning bison movements and their effect of human movements this work evaluates models of bison movements by way of: 1) a review of modern understandings of bison ethology, 2) a review of historical literature, ethnographic data, and oral tradition regarding bison, and 3) the implementation of a technique (i.e., dental cementum increment analysis) used in the seasonal evaluation of modern and archaeological bison dentition.

This book is principally about landscape archaeology, and how people experience the world around them. The authors of these highly original and varied 19 chapters/papers use the term landscape in its broadest possible sense to describe the entire material, spiritual and emotional world of people in the past. Thus, human artefacts such as tools or pottery vessels are as much part of landscapes as 'natural' features such as rocks and mountains, rivers and lakes. Buildings, towns and cities, trackways and roads, animals and plants - all of these form part of the human experience of landscapes, as do memories, myths, and stories. In fact, trying to define landscape archaeology can often prove as elusive as attempting definitions of landscape itself. Many archaeologists have argued for a much closer integration of artefactual, contextual and visual information within the text, and for ways of writing that transcend the limitations of conventional reports; the authors have therefore produced a different kind of archaeology book. Some of these papers are highly interpretative, but are based on solid, well-recorded empirical fieldwork carried out by the authors or others. Some papers are more experimental explorations of how landscapes are inhabited and viewed. Throughout the volume however, the contributors combine innovative ways of writing about the past with much greater and more integrated use of photographs and drawings. These images have a dynamic relationship with the text, and are themselves powerful statements of meaning, part of a dynamic dialogue. They do not merely supplement or complement the text, but are integral to our explorations of inhabitation and identity, space and place. Some images are meant to be challenging, or even unsettling, but we also hope that they will make the reading of this book a richer and more sensual experience as a result.

This study investigates the nation and nationalism, national ideology, and national identity in Ireland during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The study aims to explore whether such terms as "nation "or "nationalism " may be applied to medieval Ireland. While many historians and sociologists argue that the nation may exist only in the modern world with the advent of the nation-state, others have shown that, at least, ethnic groups which appear to be nations existed in medieval Europe, possibly in antiquity. In Ireland, historiographical issues related to the creation of the modern Irish state in the early twentieth century have always guided the study of the nation and nationalism. The central questions addressed include whether there are observable manifestations of a nation, national identity, and ethnically-based ideology in Gaelic Ireland in the years 1200-1400, and the extent to which those manifestations may accurately be described in national terms. In this study, the nation shall be defined as a population sharing an ethnic history, tradition, language, and/or religion, and this population's connection with a particular, definable geographic region. In addition, this identity will be shown as often conflicting with the self-ascribed identity of another population sharing the same or neighboring geographic space. Hence, examples of a nation found in medieval Ireland will embody the double characteristics of being a means of self-identity for the Irish and of self-distinction from the Anglo-Normans.

This volume grew out of a symposium held at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology in Philadelphia in 2000 entitled Anatomy of a Medieval Islamic City.

For the history of Nabataean Aila, the importance of antiquities cannot be underestimated: the pottery recovered from the excavations of the Roman Aqaba Project (RAP) has provided much more information about the society and economy of the site than the writings of the ancient authors. The port of Aila is located at the northern head of the Gulf of Aqaba, on the Jordanian side of the modern Israeli/Jordanian border. From the mid-1st century BC through the early-2nd century AD, Aila was an important Nabataean entrepôt serving a variety of commercial and economic functions. In this volume the author focuses on the ceramic assemblage from the RAP excavations in an attempt to better understand the socio-economic conditions at the site during this period, as seen through its pottery. Subsequent investigation of this material, combined with a thorough examination of excavation reports and a detailed comparative analysis of ceramic assemblages scattered throughout Jordan and Israel, was carried out by the author and the results of this research have brought to light a great deal of new information regarding the society and economy of Nabataean Aila. The study examines the historical sources and archaeological evidence regarding Aila during the Nabataean period. Analysis of these sources provides important clues as to the rôle of Aila during the height of the Nabataean kingdom and shortly thereafter: this information both confirms and supplements the ancient authors and offers new insights into Aila's socio-economic history of Aila. Also included is a detailed analysis of the Nabataean and Early Roman pottery uncovered by the excavations. A discussion of the various wares and vessel types offers insights into the local pottery industry attests to the thriving trading activities of the ancient polis, amply demonstrated by the numerous imports recovered. The final chapter offers some preliminary conclusions regarding the society and economy of Nabataean Aila, including its strategic location as a nexus of trade, the goods and other possible commodities that the site may have produced and exported, and its role as a regional oasis that supplied its rural hinterland with a variety of products. Taken together, information provided by the present study sheds much light on the socio-economic history of Nabataean Aila. (Includes as an Appendix a catalogue of 44 selected examples of early Roman and Nabataean ware.)

These 50 papers form the fifth in the series of thematic Deia (Majorca) International conferences of Prehistory, dedicated to bringing Balearic Prehistoric investigation and research out of insular and regional contexts and into the mainstream of Continental European prehistory. The thematic nature of these volumes has ranged from early settlement in this sector of the western Mediterranean (1st Deia Conference) to questions regarding the definition and understanding of the Bell Beaker Culture in the Western Mediterranean (2nd Deia-Oxford Conference), to the question and problems of archaeological techniques, technology, and theory in prehistory (3rd Deia Conference) and the subject of ritual, rites and religion in prehistory (4th Deia Conference). This volume represents the 5th Deia Conference, with its theme of status and state of world islands in prehistory. Although primarily concerned with the prehistoric Mediterranean as a whole, the 50 papers include references to wider contexts, Fiji, Easter Island, and Denmark.

This study takes as its subject a striking image found in fifteenth-century churches, paintings whose purpose is to warn the faithful of the consequences of working on Sundays. This detailed study of pictures of Christ, surrounded and wounded by the tools of everyday trades used on holy days, offers an in-depth exploration of a theologically complex subject. It illuminates many aspects of the functioning of late medieval devotion and the active role imagery could play in the formation and practice of devotional morality and communal identity. The medium of wall painting receives overdue attention as an arena of medieval artistic production and is shown to be the site of pictorial innovation and parochial expression.

Este libro recoge información actualizada sobre los yacimientos arqueológicos que tienen una fase de documentada ibérica en el SE de la península ibérica. Obtenemos de esta manera una visión global de la ocupación entre los siglos V-III a.n.e. que nos ayudará a contextualizar los nuevos descubrimientos. Para cada yacimiento estudiado se han recopilado todos los estudios publicados y también los contextos (sepulturas) y materiales arqueológicos (cerámicas de barniz negro, fíbulas o monedas) que pueden establecer un hito cronológico. De esta manera podremos acercarnos a los momentos de ocupación de cada sitio en el período ibérico clásico. El estudio se completa con un análisis de las cuencas de visibilidad y las áreas de captación de recursos en el entorno de los asentamientos más importantes. Combinando esta información sobre un estudio de capacidad agrícola del suelo y los hallazgos de minerales en superficie podremos acercarnos a la explotación del territorio por parte de los íberos.This book offers up-to-date information on settlements that show evidence of Iron Age (Iberian) occupation in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. This information makes possible an overall perspective on the Iberians between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC, which will be very useful for putting new discoveries in context. The author has compiled all available studies on each individual settlement. He has also gathered information on all the contexts (e.g. graves) and archaeological items (e.g. black-glazed pottery, fibulae and coins) that can provide chronological data, in this way establishing the nature of the occupation in each settlement. The study concludes with viewshed and site catchment area analyses of the most relevant settlements. The author also determines the agricultural capability of soils and collects the mineral evidence, to recover information on the use of the environment by the Iberians.

This book presents an analysis of medieval pottery remains found during archaeological excavations carried out at a series of sites within the Spanish city of León and in its immediate surroundings. For all of the pottery collections the various pots were inventoried using a series of variables, such as the raw materials from which they were made, the type of firing process used in their production, and their morphology and finish. These data, together with a visual analysis, were systematically compiled into a database, which enabled a subsequent quantitative and qualitative analysis. The study also includes the results of an archaeometric analysis of various pottery fragments carried out at the Archaeometric Unit at the University of Santiago de Compostela.

Edited by Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann, Primitiva Bueno Ramirez, Rafael González Antón and Carmen del Arco Aguilar.A collection of papers on the rock carvings of the European and African Atlantic façade.

In this work the author gathers published (and unpublished) evidence relating to early Imperial Roman terra sigillata on both sides of the Straits of Gibraltar (both the Baetican and Tingitanan coasts), including an extensive appendix of stamps. Previous studies in this field are limited and therefore this new research will be valuable to a wide range of scholars. Contains twenty appendices of potters' stamps.

Written by Travis W. Stanton, David A. Freidel, Charles K. Suhler, Traci Ardren, James N. Ambrosino, Justine M. Shaw, and Sharon BennettThis volume represents the final report of the Selz Foundation Yaxuná Archaeological Project at the Precolumbian Maya center of Yaxuná, Yucatán, Mexico from 1986 to 1996. This volume contains summaries of all survey data, excavations, artifact analyses, and current interpretations.

Volume 20, Session WS22This book includes papers from the session 'Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Evolutionary Archaeology' presented at the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).

El inicio de las explotaciones oleícolas Peninsulares (siglos IV-II a.C.)

In 1957, preliminary investigations revealed a major Late Neolithic settlement mound, which also happened to be the northernmost tell settlement on the Great Hungarian Plain. Although the trial was limited to a small trench, the several meters thick deposits yielded exciting finds and several richly furnished burials. The brief preliminary report and the various references to the excavation made it quite obvious that the tell was one of the key sites of the Hungarian Neolithic and thus the full publication of the tell and its finds was, quite understandably, eagerly awaited by prehistorians. The site's investigation was resumed in 1989 as part of the excavations preceding the construction of the M3 motorway. The excavator directed the large-scale excavation of the tell and its enclosure of five ditches, and of the extensive horizontal settlement beside it. This excavation was preceded by various geophysical surveys and palaeoenvironmental sampling in order to reconstruct the settlement's one-time environment and to determine the exact date of its occupation. However, until the results of the new excavation are published in detail, this monograph will be the single available study on the Polgár-Csõszhalom site, the eponymous site of a Late Neolithic culture.English translation by Magdalena Seleanu

A detailed study of the important silver hoard from Hildesheim, Germany.

The effect of ploughing on stratigraphy and on artefacts spread over the surface is explored in this much-needed book. Agricultural engineering literature and the analysis of three experimental datasets have been used to produce a computer simulation of the effect of ploughing on the distribution of portable objects (not on architectural remains). How much of the original patterning on archaeological sites has been destroyed, and how much survives? Can tillage-induced changes in surface patterns be 'cancelled out' by identifying their effects? This closely argued book suggests answers.

In Roman and Byzantine times, pilgrims, Roman soldiers and merchants landed on the west coast and headed to Jerusalem. From 1983 to 1989 the most likely routes were surveyedby land and from the air, and a gazetteer of sites and milestones was created.