Bøger udgivet af American Medical Publishers

Hypertension refers to a long-term medical condition wherein the blood pressure (BP) of an individual is higher than normal. Informally, it is known as high blood pressure. It usually has no symptoms but it can increase the risk of serious health conditions such as heart disease and stroke. Blood pressure is a vital body parameter. The overall blood pressure is measured with the help of two components, namely systolic and diastolic pressure. The pressure in blood vessels when the heart contracts is known as systolic, whereas pressure in blood vessels when the heart is at rest is called diastolic. The normal BP is 120/80 and BP less than 130/80 with or without comorbidities is medically recommended. A BP that lies in the range of 130-139/80-89, is called as stage 1 hypertension. It can be used to make diagnostic and treatment decisions based on multiple high quality BP measurements. The case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding about hypertension and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances in its diagnosis and management. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Implant dentistry is a branch of dentistry that uses dental implants to restore missing teeth. Dental implants refer to artificial tooth roots made of biocompatible materials that are surgically placed into the jawbone to provide a strong foundation for replacement teeth or dental prostheses. This field combines principles from various fields such as oral surgery, prosthodontics, and implantology. The process of implant dentistry involves several stages. The first stage is an evaluation to study the patient's oral health and suitability for dental implants. Following, the surgical stage takes place where the implant is placed into the jawbone through a surgical procedure. The implant then integrates with the surrounding bone through a process called osseointegration. After the osseointegration period, the restorative phase of implant dentistry begins. This involves the placement of an abutment, which connects the implant to the replacement tooth or dental prosthesis. This book unravels the recent studies on implant dentistry. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Hematologic malignancies, also known as blood cancers, refer to a wide range of cancers that originate in the bone marrow or the lymphatic system. These cancers can affect the production and function of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. Hematologic malignancies include leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The treatment of hematologic malignancies depends on the specific type and stage of the cancer, as well as individual patient factors. These malignancies can be treated through radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and stem cell transplantation. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to target and kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy makes use of powerful medications to destroy cancer cells or prevent their growth. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of hematological malignancies. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

The branch of medicine which is involved in the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders related to blood and blood-forming tissues is known as hematology. It encompasses a diverse range of conditions, which include both benign and malignant blood disorders. The diagnosis and management of these disorders involves a combination of clinical assessment, laboratory testing, and specialized procedures. Some of the diagnostic tools which are used to evaluate the composition, function, and structure of blood cells are complete blood counts (CBC), blood smears, bone marrow biopsies and genetic testing. These tests are used to identify abnormalities, determine the type and severity of the disorder, and guide appropriate treatment decisions. The disorders which are studied within this field can be broadly classified into three categories, namely, anemia, bleeding disorders, and blood cancers. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of hematology. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.

Gastrointestinal tract disorders refer to a wide spectrum of medical conditions that affect the organs and structures involved in the digestion and absorption of food. The gastrointestinal tract, often referred to as the digestive system, comprises the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract can lead to abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding. Some common gastrointestinal tract disorders are gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and colorectal cancer. The diagnostic process for such disorder may involve a combination of patient history assessment, physical examination, laboratory tests, endoscopy, colonoscopy and tissue biopsies. These diagnostic tools help identify the underlying cause and determine the most appropriate treatment approach. This book contains some path-breaking studies on gastrointestinal tract disorders. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Eye diseases and disorders encompass a wide range of conditions that can affect the vision and overall eye health of a person. A few of the common eye diseases are cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. The diagnosis of these conditions might involve visual acuity tests, tonometry, dilated eye exams, and imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography (OCT) to provide detailed images of the eye structures. The management of eye diseases and disorders depends on the particular condition which has been diagnosed. Treatments may include corrective lenses or contact lenses to manage refractive errors, medications to control intraocular pressure in glaucoma, or surgical interventions like cataract extraction or retinal detachment repair. Early detection and intervention can often slow the progression of certain conditions and preserve vision. This book includes some of the vital pieces of works being conducted across the world, on various topics related to eye diseases and disorders. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Gastroenterology is a branch of medicine which focused on the study, diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the digestive system. The digestive system encompasses organs such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The field of gastroenterology is involved in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of disorders, such as the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and gastrointestinal cancers. These disorders can be diagnosed by studying the medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic procedures. These procedures may include endoscopy, imaging studies, blood tests, and stool analysis. The treatment of these disorders may include lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, medications, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery. This book explores all the important aspects of gastroenterology in the present day scenario. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Endocrinology is an area of medicine that focuses on the study of hormones and the endocrine system. Hormones are chemical messengers which are produced by the different glands in the body that regulate numerous physiological processes, such as growth, metabolism, reproduction and mood. The endocrine system comprises glands such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (in females), and testes (in males). Endocrinology is involved in the diagnosis of patients with hormonal disorders through a combination of clinical assessment, laboratory tests and imaging studies. It also deals with the management of medical conditions which include diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, adrenal disorders, disorders of the reproductive system, and pituitary disorders. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of endocrinology which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which is characterized by recurrent seizures that are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It can affect people of all ages, and the severity of its impact can range from mild to severe. The diagnosis of this disease involves critical examination of medical history, physical examinations, and various diagnostic tests such as electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and blood tests. The diagnosis helps in determining the type of epilepsy, identify its potential underlying causes, and rule out other conditions that may mimic seizures. It can be managed through antiepileptic medications, which aim to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. Some of the other treatment options are ketogenic diet, vagus nerve stimulation, and epilepsy surgery. This book unravels the recent studies on epilepsy. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.

Cardiology refers to the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions that affect blood vessels and the heart. It encompasses the study of a wide range of cardiovascular system disorders. Some of the major cardiovascular system disorders include acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, restenosis, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, cardiac arrest, disorders of the pericardium, disorders of the heart valves, congenital heart defects, and diseases of the blood vessels. Cardiology has several subspecialties including echocardiography, nuclear cardiology, cardiac electrophysiology, and interventional cardiology. Treatment of cardiovascular diseases makes use of a number of devices and instruments such as defibrillators and balloons, stethoscopes, pacemakers, and artificial hearts. This book provides comprehensive case studies related to various areas of cardiology including studies on valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, vascular disease, cardiac sarcoidosis, cardio-obstetrics, cardio-oncology, and congestive heart failure. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of diseases that affect the heart muscles. Such diseases impair the ability of the heart to pump blood efficiently. In some cases, the heart rhythm may also be disrupted. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) are the most common types of cardiomyopathies. In the early stages of development of cardiomyopathy, there may be no symptoms or signs of cardiomyopathy. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms and signs start to show up. Common symptoms include bloating of the abdomen due to fluid buildup, exhaustion, breathlessness during activity or at rest, and coughing while lying down. Tests like electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG), ambulatory monitoring, myocardial biopsy, and exercise stress test are used to diagnose cardiomyopathy. The treatment of cardiomyopathies may include either or a combination of lifestyle modifications, surgery, and medications. These treatments can alleviate symptoms, reduce difficulties, and ensure that the disease does not progress. This book presents case studies on cardiomyopathies in the most comprehensible and easy-to-understand language. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this medical condition.

Dentistry is a vital and specialized field within the medical profession that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of oral health conditions. It plays an important role in the maintenance and improvement of oral health. Some of the oral health issues which are treated within this field are tooth decay, gum diseases, malocclusion and oral infections. It also deals with restoring damaged teeth through procedures such as fillings, crowns, and dental implants. Some of the important specialized areas within this field are orthodontics, periodontics, endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics, pediatric dentistry, and oral pathology. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of dentistry. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included herein. The book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.

Cardiology refers to the study of the diseases affecting heart and blood vessels. It is concerned with normal heart function and any deviations from a healthy heart. Many disorders affect the heart itself; whereas, some diseases occur outside of the heart and in the vascular system. These disorders include therosclerosis, aneurysm, stenosis, cardiomyopathy, high blood pressure, endocarditis, atrial fibrillation, and heart rhythm disorders. Cardiac MRI, stress tests, cardiac catheterization, coronary angiogram, electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG), and holter monitor test are some of the tests that are used to diagnose cardiovascular disorders and diseases. Cardiologists provide continual care to patients with cardiovascular diseases by performing certain diagnostic tests, and overseeing all the aspects of therapy including the administration of medications. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of cardiology. It presents case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to the field of cardiology. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Blood disorders, also known as hematologic disorders, refer to a wide range of medical conditions that affect the components of blood or its ability to function properly. These disorders can involve abnormalities in white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, or the plasma that carries them. A few of the common blood disorders are anemia, hemophilia, and various types of leukemia. Other examples include thrombocytopenia, which is a condition marked by low platelet counts, and sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder causing abnormal red blood cells. Prominent symptoms of these disorders are dizziness, rapid heartbeat and fatigue. Some of the treatments which are used for managing blood disorders are blood and platelet transfusions, corticosteroids, and anticoagulants. This book contains some path-breaking studies on blood disorders. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a type of chronic inflammatory lung disease in which airflow of the lungs is blocked. The two common conditions that cause COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. There are several signs and symptoms of COPD, such as wheezing, coughing, mucus production and difficulty in breathing, while doing daily activities and mild exercise. Lung cancer, heart disease, metabolic syndrome, depression and a number of other diseases are more likely to occur in COPD patients. Spirometry is a widely used and reliable approach for diagnosing this medical condition. The treatments of COPD include pulmonary rehabilitation, corticosteroids, smoking cessation, inhaled bronchodilators and vaccinations. Lung transplantation, long-term oxygen therapy and lung volume reduction may be advantageous in some cases. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed the diagnosis and management of COPD. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Cardiopulmonary diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect both the lungs and the heart. These organs are interconnected and a problem in the functioning of one can affect the other. Congestive heart failure, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a few of the common types of cardiopulmonary diseases. Their symptoms might vary depending on the condition and include nausea and vomiting, excessive perspiration, high blood pressure, shortness of breath and other symptoms. The assessment of cardiopulmonary system is done by performing a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The treatment of these diseases varies depending on the particular condition of patients and may include medication, lifestyle changes, or more sophisticated procedures. This book provides significant information to help develop a good understanding of chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the assessment and management of these diseases. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the condition.

Hypoxia refers to a type of condition in which the entire or a part of the body does not receive enough supply of oxygen at the tissue level. Its symptoms include difficulty in breathing, bluish skin, disorientation, a rapid heartbeat and agitation. The underlying illnesses which affect breathing and blood flow, resulting in hypoxia are asthma, emphysema, pneumothorax, sleep apnea, anemia, pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure. There are several ways to diagnose hypoxia, such as arterial blood gas test (ABG), six-minute walk test (6MWT), pulse oximetry, pulmonary function test (PFT), etc. Hypoxic condition can be treated by administering oxygen. It involves various equipments that can be used for inhaling oxygen such as non-rebreather masks, transport ventilators, nasal cannula, bag valve masks and simple oxygen facemasks. This book provides significant information to help develop a good understanding of hypoxia. It aims to understand the clinical perspectives of this medical condition. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective in this area of study.

Pulmonary medicine is the subspecialty of internal medicine that is involved with management and treatment of diseases affecting the respiratory system, which includes the thoracic cavity, lungs, chest wall and upper airways. It is aimed at treating a wide range of conditions and diseases, including asthma, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), interstitial lung disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, lung transplant and pulmonary tuberculosis. Medicines taken orally or by inhalation is the most efficient and practical method of treating respiratory conditions. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of pulmonary medicine and the recent researches in this field. It covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around this domain. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.

Asthma refers to a type of long-term inflammatory disease which affects the airways of the lungs. It occurs due to extra mucus blocking the airways causing them to swell and narrow down. It is identified by easily activated bronchospasms, recurrent and variable symptoms, as well as reversible airflow obstruction. This disease can affect both children and adults in various ways and with varied levels of severity. There are various signs and symptoms of asthma, including chest tightness, episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath and coughing. It can be caused by a variety of factors such as respiratory infections, allergies, and genetic and environmental factors like exposure to allergens and air pollution. Breathing tests, health history inquiries and physical examinations are used to diagnose it. There is no treatment for asthma, but it can be managed by biologic treatments, anti-inflammatory drugs, and bronchodilators. This book explores all the important clinical aspects of asthma in the present day scenario. It is appropriate for students as well as for experts seeking detailed information about this medical condition.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) refers to a type of genetic disease that affects the lungs, digestive system and other organs. This disease occurs when the protein that generates mucus fails to function normally. Respiratory symptoms caused by CF include persistent coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath, along with other difficulties in breathing. Patients with CF display lung disease that is consistent with the breakdown of innate airway defense mechanisms. The diagnosis of CF is done by performing a sweat test, which determines the amount of salt present in the patient's body. CF has no known treatment options, but antibiotics that can be administered intravenously, breathed, or taken orally are used to manage this disease. A lung transplant may eventually be required, in case the lungs have suffered severe damage. This book provides comprehensive insights into cystic fibrosis. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover mechanisms, targets and therapeutics for this lung disease.

The lungs are two air-filled and spongy organs that are situated on either side of the chest. The heart and lungs work together to make sure the body receives enough supply of oxygen. Lung diseases are a variety of conditions or diseases that impair the ability of the lungs to function normally. These diseases can have an impact on pulmonary function and the capacity to breathe. Lung diseases can be classified into three types, including lung circulation diseases, airway diseases and lung tissue diseases. The major causes of lung diseases include infections, air pollution and smoking. The other significant risk factor for these diseases is genetics. The most common types of lung diseases include asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, etc. This book explores all the important aspects of lung diseases in the modern day. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge on these medical conditions. Such selected concepts that redefine the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases through an evidence-based approach have been presented in this book.

The respiratory system is a biological system comprising of particular structures and organs utilized for gas exchange. The voice box, nose, windpipe, mouth, lungs and throat are part of the respiratory system. It is negatively affected by infection, aging, allergies, asthma and other conditions causing inflammation. These infections can be further divided into lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) or upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). A few of the upper respiratory tract infections are epiglottitis, common cold, laryngotracheitist and sinusitis. Major lower respiratory tract infections are bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchiolitis. The most common bacterial pathogens causing the lower and upper respiratory tract infections are Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza. This book contains some path-breaking studies on the topic of respiratory system infections. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe on the microbiology of these infections. This book will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in respiratory system infections.

Pulmonary fibrosis refers to a medical condition that causes scarring in the lungs over time. The scarring in the lungs thickens with passage of time and makes it difficult for the person to breathe. Dry cough, weight loss, shortness of breath, fatigue, and aching joints and muscles are a few signs and symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis. The risk factors associated with this medical condition include, smoking, cancer therapies, aging and genetic factors. Respiratory failure, high blood pressure, lung cancer and right-sided heart failure are some of the complications linked with pulmonary fibrosis. The diagnosis of this disease can be done by performing lung function tests, medical imaging and lung biopsy. There is no cure for this disease and medicines can aid in maintaining lung function and slow the progression of scarring. Staying active and receiving oxygen therapy may help to alleviate symptoms. This book strives to provide a fair idea about pulmonary fibrosis and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances in its clinical management. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers. Different evaluations and advanced studies on the mechanisms and diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis have been included in this book.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) refers to a type of virus that belongs to the coronavirus family. Bats are the most plausible ecological reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2, although the virus is considered to have originated from an intermediate animal host and then crossed the species barrier to infect human beings. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes four main structural proteins, including the membrane (M) protein, the spike (S) protein, the envelope (E) protein and the nucleocapsid (N) protein, all of which are necessary to build the viral particle. In addition to four structural proteins, SARS-CoV-2 has sixteen non-structural proteins (nsp1-16). RNA replication and processing is mediated by Nsp1. It is crucial to comprehend the structure and function of SARS-CoV-2, as well as its variants, in order to develop viable treatments and vaccines to combat the COVID-19 disease. This book provides significant information to help develop a good understanding of the structure and function of SARS-CoV-2. Experts and students actively engaged in the research on this virus will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Pulmonary fibrosis refers to a type of lung disease in which the lung tissue is scarred and injured. It also affects alveoli and connective tissue of the lungs. There are various symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis such as fatigue, shortness of breath, nail clubbing, dry cough and weight loss. Respiratory failure, lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension and pneumothorax are possible complications associated with it. The causes of pulmonary fibrosis include connective tissue diseases, interstitial lung diseases, environmental pollution, infections and certain medicines. Breathing tests, blood tests, biopsies, imaging tests and an oxygen desaturation study can be used to diagnose this medical condition. The treatment options of pulmonary fibrosis include pulmonary rehabilitation, lung transplantation and oxygen therapy. Medications can also be utilized to stop scarring from getting worse. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of the pathophysiology and clinical management of pulmonary fibrosis. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of pulmonary fibrosis.

The lungs are essential organs in the human body which facilitate the process of gas exchange. Lung immunity plays a critical role in the prevention of various respiratory diseases characterized by abnormal inflammation. Some of the common lung diseases are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and fibrosis. Lung inflammation is generally caused by pathogens or by exposure to pollutants, toxins, allergens and irritants. Some common symptoms of lung inflammation are fatigue, extra mucus, wheezing, problem in breathing, gasping for air, etc. Diagnosis of lung inflammation is conducted through several tests, such as CT scan, ventilation or perfusion scan, lung function test, and blood tests. Its treatment involves anti-inflammatory medications, emergency breathing support, and surgery in severe cases. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to lung immunity and inflammation. It will also provide interesting topics for research which readers can take up. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field of study.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) refers to a type of breathing disorder that occurs in newborns. Those babies who are born prematurely suffer from this syndrome, as their lungs are not fully developed. This syndrome occurs due to the deficiency of surfactant, a body fluid made by the lungs. There are several symptoms of RDS, such as widening of nostrils while breathing, grunting, fast and shallow breathing, etc. RDS is diagnosed by performing blood tests, lung imaging tests and heart tests. There are various therapies of RDS including mechanical ventilation, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and surfactant replacement therapy. This book contains a detailed explanation of the various diagnostic and therapeutic techniques associated with respiratory distress syndrome. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of this disease. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global studies on this medical condition.

Human respiratory system is composed of oropharynx, nose, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. The basic function of the respiratory system is to perform gas exchange between the environment and the bloodstream. There are various conditions that affect the respiratory system, including asthma, infection, aging, allergies, and respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The treatments for respiratory diseases include medications, lung transplant and interventional bronchoscopy. Some preventive measures such as regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, and quitting smoking play a crucial role in the management of these diseases. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to the physiology and therapeutics of respiratory diseases. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field of study have been included herein. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Inflammation refers to the process through which the immune system fights with injury, infection and other harmful substances. Lung inflammation can develop from toxin exposure, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and asthma. Some common symptoms of lung inflammation are breathing problems, wheezing, chest pain or tightness, fatigue, lung pain, unintended weight loss and decreased appetite. Various types of diagnostic tests, including blood culture, pulse oximetry, lung biopsy, saliva test, sweat chloride test, and pulmonary function test can be used for the diagnosis of lung inflammation. Its treatment may involve oxygen therapy, physical therapy, surgery and medications like leukotriene modifiers, antifungals, biologic medications, antibiotics, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatories and bronchodilators. This book provides significant information on lung inflammation to help develop a good understanding of its effects in health and disease. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts on this medical condition. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with the study of lung inflammation will benefit alike from this book.

The lungs are vital organs situated on both sides of the chest. They have a variety of functions. However, their primary function is gas exchange between the blood and lung. Lungs are also integral to the maintenance of homeostasis and blood pressure. They can be affected by various diseases and disorders which are studied and treated under the discipline of pulmonology. This area of medicine is involved in the management of various respiratory diseases, including asthma, emphysema, tuberculosis and pneumonia. There are several clinical procedures that can be used for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases, which include blood tests, arterial blood gas tests, pulmonary function testing, bronchoscopy, CT scan, chest X-rays, and positron emission therapy. This book provides comprehensive insights on dynamic lung functions. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. The book is appropriate for medical students and professionals seeking detailed information in this area of pulmonology.