Bøger af Valerio Acocella

Volcanoes have terrified and, at the same time, fascinated civilizations for thousands of years. Many aspects of volcanoes, most notably the eruptive processes and the compositional variations of magma, have been widely investigated for several decades and today constitute the core of any volcanology textbook. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, boosted by the availability of volcano monitoring data, there has been an increasing interest in the pre-eruptive processes related to the shallow accumulation and to the transfer of magma approaching the surface, as well as in the resulting structure of volcanoes. These are innovative and essential aspects of modern volcanology and, as driving volcanic unrest, their understanding also improves hazard assessment and eruption forecasting. So far, the significant progress made in unravelling these volcano-tectonic processes has not been supported by a comprehensive overview.This monograph aims at filling this gap, describing the pre-eruptive processes related to the structure, deformation and tectonics of volcanoes, at the local and regional scale, in any tectonic setting. The monograph is organized into three sections (¿Fundamentals¿, ¿Magma migration towards the surface¿ and ¿The regional perspective¿), consisting of thirteen chapters that are lavishly illustrated. The reader is accompanied in a journey within the volcano factory, discovering the processes associated with the shallow accumulation of magma and its transfer towards the surface, how these control the structure of volcanoes and their activity and, ultimately, improve our ability to estimate hazard and forecast eruption.The potential readership includes any academic, researcher and upper undergraduate student interested in volcanology, magma intrusions, structural geology, tectonics, geodesy, as well as geology and geophysics in general.

Part I: Fundamentals Chapter 1 - Volcanoes and volcanic activity1.1  - Introduction1.2  - Volcano distribution1.3  - Volcano composition1.4  - Monogenic and polygenic volcanoes 1.5  - Volcano alignment and elongation1.6  - Types of volcanic edifices1.7  - Volcanic activity1.8  - Effusive eruptions1.9  - Explosive eruptions1.10       - Volcanic hazard and risk1.11       - Summary Chapter 2 - Crustal deformation 2.1 - Introduction2.2  - Stress 2.3  - Strain2.4  - Elastic deformation 2.5  - Brittle deformation2.6  - The seismic cycle2.7  - Ductile deformation2.8  - Rheology of the crust and the magma2.9 - Summary  Part II: Magma migration to the surface Chapter 3 - Rise of magma through the crust: diapirs, dikes3.1 - Introduction3.2  - Magmatic diapirs3.3  - Dikes 3.4  - Mechanics of dike formation3.5  - Mechanics of dike propagation3.6 - Summary Chapter 4 - Magma emplacement: magma reservoirs4.1 - Introduction4.2  - General features4.3  - Sills4.4  - Laccoliths4.5 - Lopoliths 4.6  - Magma chambers4.7  - Mechanism of pluton emplacement4.8  - The plutonic-volcanic link4.9 - Summary Chapter 5 - Vertical collapses: calderas 5.1 - Introduction5.2 - General features of calderas5.3 - Geological and geophysical evidence of caldera structure and development 5.4 - Modelling caldera structure and development5.5 - Relationships to regional tectonics5.6 - Classification of calderas5.7 - Caldera structure and eruptions5.8  - Caldera resurgence: resurgent domes and blocks5.9 - Caldera unrest 5.10 -           Summary Chapter 6 - Lateral collapses: flank instability6.1 -   Introduction6.2 -   General features 6.3 -   Anatomy of an unstable flank6.4 -   Causes of flank instability6.5 -   Analysis of flank instability 6.6 -   Flank instability in mafic volcanoes 6.7 -   Flank instability in felsic volcanoes 6.8 -   Multi-hazard related to flank instability6.9 -   Summary Chapter 7 - Magma transfer within volcanic edifices7.1 -   Introduction7.2 - Regional, radial and circumferential dikes7.3 -   Dike propagation within volcanic edifices 7.4 -   Dike propagation in calderas7.5 -  Cryptodomes7.6 - Necks and plugs7.6 -   Summary Chapter 8 - Volcano unrest 8.1 -   Introduction8.2 - General features8.3 - Monitoring volcanoes 8.4 -   Magmatic trigger: deformation source models 8.5 -   Seismic trigger8.6 - State of the volcano and alert levels8.7 -   Summary Chapter 9 - Forecasting eruptions9.1 -  Introduction9.2 - Deterministic forecast9.3 -  Probabilistic forecast9.4 - The time window9.5 -  Eruptive scenarios9.6 -  Forecast case