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The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the Department of Homeland Security, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Law Enforcement Standards Office and Information Technology Laboratory. CFTT is supported by other organizations, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division Electronic Crimes Program, the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the U.S. Secret Service. The objective of the CFTT program is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

The National Institute of Justice is pleased to release DNA for the Defense Bar. This is the fourth publication in a series designed to increase the field's understanding of the science of DNA and its application in the courtroom. The other three publications include "Principles of Forensic DNA for Officers of the Court," "DNA: A Prosecutor's Practice Notebook," and "DNA for Law Enforcement Decision Makers." This book is specifically designed for criminal defense attorneys.

Not all test cases or test assertions are appropriate for all tools. In addition to the base test cases, each remaining test case is linked to optional tool features needed for the test case. If a given tool implements a given feature then the test cases linked to that feature are run. Table 1 lists the features available in Susteen's Secure View and the linked test cases. Table 2 lists the features not available in Susteen's Secure View and the linked test cases.

For more than a decade the criminal justice community has realized the valuable analytic benefits of Geographic Information Systems. The powerful technology enhances the ability of researchers and practitioners to identify problem areas and target scarce resources.

Law enforcement agencies continue to seek alternatives to lethal force and better methods to subdue individuals in order to minimize injuries and death. Less-lethal technologies have been used by law enforcement for this purpose extensively since the early 1990s. As of spring 2010, conducted energy devices (CEDs) causing electro muscular disruption have been procured by more than 12,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States. Approximately 260,000 CEDs have been issued to law enforcement officers nationwide. Police adoption has been driven by two major beliefs: first, that CEDs effectively facilitate arrests when suspects actively resist law enforcement; second, that CEDs represent a safer alternative than other use-of-force methods. Studies by law enforcement agencies deploying CEDs have shown reduced injuries to both officers and suspects in use-of-force encounters and reduced use of deadly force. More recently, independent researchers have come to similar conclusions, when appropriate deployment and training policies are in place.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research and development organization of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Office of Law Enforcement Standards, and Information Technology Laboratory. CFTT is supported by other organizations, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, U.S. Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division Electronic Crimes Program, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and U.S. Secret Service. The objective of the CFTT program is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers, and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

Under its Less-Lethal Technologies Program, established in 1986, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)-the research, development, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Justice-provides funds to identify, develop, and evaluate new or improved devices and other technology that will minimize the risk of death and injury to law enforcement officers, suspects, prisoners, and the general public. Many Federal, State, and local civil law enforcement and corrections agencies use less-lethal weapons and equipment to help minimize the loss of life and property. These devices are used to quell prison riots, suppress mobs, and subdue hostile individuals. NIJ has prepared this equipment review to inform Federal, State, and local agencies about the Department of Defense (DoD) Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program and the less-lethal weapons and equipment used by civil law enforcement agencies. This review does not address issues surrounding DoD's Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program or issues related to nonlethal weapons research and development programs.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) project is the joint effort of the National Institute of Justice, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the U.S. Department of Defense, the Technical Support Working Group, and other related agencies. The objective of the CFTT project is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers, and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

In 1995, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) began research that would attempt to identify how often DNA had exonerated wrongfully convicted defendants. After extensive study, NIJ published the report Convicted by Juries, Exonerated by Science: Case Studies in the Use of DNA Evidence to Establish Innocence After Trial, which presents case studies of 28 inmates for whom DNA analysis was exculpatory.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research and development organization of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Office of Law Enforcement Standards and Information Technology Laboratory. CFTT is supported by other organizations, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, U.S. Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division Electronic Crimes Program, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and U.S. Secret Service. The objective of the CFTT program is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers, and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

Forensic scientists play a pivotal role in the criminal justice system, providing crucial information about the evidence to the trier of fact. Because the work they do both at the crime scene and in the laboratory often must be used in court, it is especial- ly important that the training and educa- tion of forensic scientists provide a solid scientific background and a broad base in criminalistics.

The former Director of NIJ, the Honorable Jeremy Travis; the Director of NIJ's Office of Science and Technology, Mr. David G. Boyd; and NIJ's Forensic Science Program Manager, Richard M. Rau, Ph.D., each share responsi- bility for the success of this project. Credit also goes to R. Gib Parrish, M.D., of CDC, for his support of and com- mitment to the research.

Parenting can be the most rewarding job on earth-and sometimes the toughest. You cradle your newborn the first time and promise, either silently or aloud, to provide the best life possible for him or her. The years quickly fly by-and suddenly, your youngster is about to enter school. If you're like most people, that is a scary day. How will little Sara react to being away from me? What will happen if Noah misbehaves? Will the teacher provide the attention that Riley needs in order to learn? As your child grows older and continues to achieve new milestones, your concerns grow, too. Can I trust Sara being home alone after school until I get home? What will Noah do if his friends offer him a cigarette? Will Riley's friends tempt her to try drugs? These types of worries are normal and show that you are a loving, attentive parent who wants what is best for your child. Reading this booklet also shows that you are concerned and that you want to help your child achieve a healthy, drug-free lifestyle from preschool through high school-a dozen or so critical years when attitudes about drug use are formed. Many school districts across the country have had to cut funding for alcohol and drug education programs, making it even more important that you are informed, consistent, and current when you communicate with your child about drugs and alcohol. This publication was designed to help you understand: The substances children are exposed to and where they get them. It will explain the names (and "street names") of common drugs, how they're used, their effects, where children obtain them, and how to know if your child is using them; Which children are most at risk for using drugs and how you can offset some of those risk factors; The importance of providing what are called protective factors-at home, in school, and in the community. How to talk to your children about drugs and alcohol. It will suggest ways to initiate conversations with your child at different ages and at various stages of physical and mental development; What role social media play in what your child learns about drugs; The steps to take if you suspect your child may already be using drugs or alcohol. This booklet also provides answers to questions your child may have and resources you can use to find more information or get help with your concerns. It covers important topics such as: Why drinking alcohol-even once-is a serious matter. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking, which is more than from all illegal drugs combined; The importance of maintaining a close relationship with your child. A child who gets through age 21 without smoking, using illegal drugs, or abusing alcohol is much less likely to do so as an adult. No one has greater power to influence your child's behavior than YOU do, and a close bond can spare your child the negative experiences associated with illegal drug use. It may even save your child's life.

These evaluations of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) pro- gram critique a Federal effort to encourage States to develop substance treatment programs for incarcerated offenders. The Corrections Program Office within the Office of Justice Programs provided in- valuable support for both the RSAT pro- gram and these evaluations.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research and development organization of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Office of Law Enforcement Standards and Information Technology Laboratory. CFTT is supported by other organizations, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, U.S. Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division Electronic Crimes Program and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Secret Service. The objective of the CFTT program is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

This flipbook is intended as a quick reference for first responders who may be responsible for ident- ifying, preserving, collecting and securing evidence at an electronic crime scene. It is a companion piece to Electronic Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for First Responders, Second Edition, from which it is excerpted.

The Technical Working Group for Eyewitness Evidence (TWGEYEE), a multidisciplinary group of content-area experts from across the United States and Canada, was created by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) in 1998 to develop recommended procedures for law enforcement use in investigations involving eyewitness evidence. These individuals, led by a Planning Panel com- posed of distinguished law enforcement, legal, and research professionals, authored the 1999 NIJ Research Report, Eyewitness Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement.

Supporting a successful transition to the community is central to the mission of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (Bureau). The Bureau protects public safety by ensuring that federal inmates receive reentry programming to support their successful return to the community. National programs are the Bureau's premier reentry programs, designed to ensure that inmates have the skills necessary to succeed upon release. National programs are standardized across institutions, described in the Bureau's national policies, implemented with dedicated resources, and regularly reviewed for quality assurance. When appropriate, national programs are developed or modified to address the needs of specific populations within the Bureau. For example, a gender-responsive version of the Residential Drug Abuse Treatment Program has been created to specifically address the treatment needs of female inmates. This practical guide was prepared to highlight the Bureau's national programs. Each program summary in this directory contains key information: a Program Description, Time Frame, Admission Criteria, Program Content, Empirical Support, Applicable Policies, and Institution Locations.

The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development and evaluation agency of the US Department of Justice. The NIJ is dedicated to improving knowledge and understanding of crime and justice issues through science. NIJ provides objective and independent knowledge and tools to reduce crime and promote justice, particularly at the state and local levels.

We are facing one of the most significant challenges to the future of America's children that we have ever known. Our children are experiencing and witnessing violence on an alarming scale. This exposure to violence is not limited to one community or one group of children. It occurs among all ethnic and racial groups; in urban, suburban, and rural areas; in gated communities and on tribal lands. Advances in neuroscience and child development have taught us that the trauma children experience when they are exposed to physical, sexual, and emotional violence harms their ability to mature cognitively and emotionally, and it scars them physically and emotionally well into their adult lives. Some of our children may grow up in safety and stability, but when millions do not, our entire society suffers. We pay astronomical costs to the healthcare, child welfare, justice, and other systems because we have not yet done what we know works to prevent and treat childhood exposure to violence. U.S. Attorney General Eric H. Holder, Jr., charged this task force with recommending ways our nation can prevent, reduce, and treat children's exposure to violence. We have taken this charge seriously. We have heard from dozens of people who work to prevent, reduce, and treat children's exposure to violence, as well as from those who have experienced it. Their stories of what they had seen and lived through were sometimes horrifying but always inspired us to deeper commitment. What we learned from them has changed the way we think about this issue. The good news is that we know what works to address children's exposure to violence. Now we must work courageously to find the resources to spread the solutions and implement them where they are needed. We must actively engage youth, families, and communities in the development of local solutions to these problems. We must protect children, and we must not look away when they are in pain. We also must not let our own fears and pain stop us from helping. Above all, we must give them hope that their future will be better and safer. We thank Attorney General Holder for shining a bright light on children's exposure to violence. It has been a tremendous honor to serve on this task force. We stand with the Attorney General and you, the reader of this report, ready to begin. When our children are dying, we cannot afford to wait.

Every action taken by public safety person- nel at a death scene can have a profound impact on victim identification and any subsequent criminal investigation. Coord- inating the work of the many agencies that must respond to mass fatality incidents presents a particularly complex set of demands. Even large States and municipali- ties can find themselves overburdened with many operational requirements in responding to a major transportation acci- dent or terrorist incident. Whether for the purpose of preserving evidence for a crimi- nal investigation or effectively managing the identification of victims, a well-designed plan could be an invaluable response tool.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research and development organization of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) and Information Technology Laboratory (ITL); The program is supported by other organizations, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the U.S. Secret Service. The objective of the CFTT project is to provide measurable assurance for practitioners, researchers, and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and testing methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) project is the joint effort of the National Institute of Justice, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the U. S. Department of Defense, the Technical Support Working Group, and other related agencies. The objective of the CFTT project is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers, and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensic investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensic tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research and development organization of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Office of Law Enforcement Standards and Information Technology Laboratory. CFTT is supported by other organizations, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, U.S. Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division Electronic Crimes Program, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and U.S. Secret Service. The objective of the CFTT program is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers, and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research and development organization of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Office of Law Enforcement Standards and Information Technology Laboratory. CFTT is supported by other organizations, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, U.S. Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division Electronic Crimes Program, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Secret Service. The objective of the CFTT program is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers, and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research and development organization of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Office of Law Enforcement Standards, and Information Technology Laboratory . CFTT is supported by other organizations, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the U.S. Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, U.S. Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division Electronic Crimes Program, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and U.S. Secret Service. The objective of the CFTT program is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers, and other applicable users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

The Department of Justice, responding to the New Freedom Initiative, a comprehensive set of goals and a plan of action to ensure that people with disabilities face no further obstacles to full participation in our free market economy and society, has increased and improved its implementation of the ADA. The goal of the ADA is simple -to open up all aspects of American life to people with disabilities. For too long, people with disabilities were held back by old modes of thinking and old methods of building. Prevailing attitudes made it hard for people with disabilities to get an education or to get a job. Barriers in society prevented people with disabilities from getting where they needed to go to build a better life. This Report demonstrates that our robust enforcement program sets the standard for ADA compliance nationwide. Our highly respected technical assistance program annually helps millions of people understand and comply voluntarily with the ADA. With Project Civic Access, we assist local governments around the country as they make their programs and services more accessible to people with disabilities. Our unique mediation program helps resolve ADA disputes. Our ADA Business Connection brings together local business and disability leaders, helping them facilitate access of people with disabilities to products and services, which in turn expands business markets. With these tools, we have helped provide people with disabilities greater access to health care, emergency services, town halls, courts, transportation, education, employment, stores, hotels, restaurants, movie theaters, sports arenas, childcare centers, and other settings in communities across America. This Report provides dozens of examples of such achievements over the years. The following pages tell the remarkable story of how the Department of Justice over the years has worked to bring about these vital changes that not only enable people with disabilities to benefit from all of the richness of American life, but also allow America to benefit from all of the skills and talents that people with disabilities have to offer. Note: some images have intentionally be left blank.

The Computer Forensics Tool Testing (CFTT) program is a joint project of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research and development organization of the U.S. Department of Justice, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Office of Law Enforcement Standards and Information Technology Laboratory. CFTT is supported by other organizations, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division Electronic Crimes Program, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the U.S. Secret Service. The objective of the CFTT program is to provide measurable assurance to practitioners, researchers and other users that the tools used in computer forensics investigations provide accurate results. Accomplishing this requires the development of specifications and test methods for computer forensics tools and subsequent testing of specific tools against those specifications.

The purpose of this work is to describe to practitioners what the research tells us about domestic violence, including its perpetrators and victims, the impact of current responses to it and, more particularly, the implications of that research for day-to-day, real-world responses to domestic violence by law enforcement officers, prosecutors and judges.

There is a common perception that the criminal behavior of women and the delinquent behavior of girls are not serious problems. Women are more likely to commit minor offenses and have historically constituted a very small proportion of the offender population. But these facts mask a trend that is beginning to attract attention. The dramatic rise in the number of prison and jail inmates is fairly well known; less so is that the ranks of women inmates are increasing much faster than those of their male counterparts. The pace at which women are being con- victed of serious offenses is picking up faster than the pace at which men are convicted.