Bøger af U S Army

This manual, originally published in 1958, covers methods of camouflaging fixed installations such as airfields, supply facilities, transportation facilities, buildings, and other objects and installations of a permanent or semipermanent nature. The material presented herein is applicable to nuclear and non-nuclear warfare. The basic principles of camouflage, factors of recognition, construction methods, and the geographic factors effecting camouflage are applicable to the camouflage of fixed installations, the primary difference being larger and more detailed camouflage construction of a more permanent nature. Terms used in this manual are general. For example, the camouflage of buildings is described in general terms to include all types of buildings regardless of their use or purpose, because the use or function of the installation being camouflaged has only an indirect bearing on the type of camouflage except where a specific problem is presented. When planning camouflage for a specific building the activity occupying the building will, in many instances, dictate changes in the application of camouflage. In the same way the surrounding terrain will have a direct bearing on the type of camouflage used. The camouflage of areas, concentration of activities, and emplacements for active defense are also described in general terms. Consequently it will be necessary for the camouflage planner to assemble the necessary information from this text to guide him in the designing of camouflage for a specific combination of buildings, areas, or emplacements.CONTENTS:Large Scale Camouflage PlanningIntroductionCamouflage PlanningCamouflage OperationsCamouflage Methods and ConstructionMethodsRear Area InstallationsMaintenanceIndex

This manual provides criteria and guidance for the design of structures to resist the effects of earthquakes. It takes a general approach for the seismic design of buildings, including architectural components, mechanical and electrical equipment supports, some structures other than buildings, and utility systems. Primary emphasis is given to the equivalent static force design procedure.

This manual establishes criteria for improving the engineering properties of soils used for pavement base courses, subbase courses, and subgrades by the use of additives which are mixed into the soil to effect the desired improvement. These criteria are also applicable to roads and airfields having a stabilized surface layer.This manual prescribes the appropriate type or types of additive to be used with different soil types, procedures for determining a design treatment level for each type of additive, and recommended construction practices for incorporating the additive into the soil.

This field manual provides commanders and staffs with general information and technical data concerning chemical and biological agents and other compounds of military interest. It discusses the use; the classification; and the physical, chemical, and physiological properties of these agents and compounds. It also discusses protection and decontamination of these agents. In addition, it discusses their symptoms and the treatment of those symptoms.

This manual covers the various types of auxiliary power generating systems used on military installations. It provides data for the major components of these generating systems; such as, prime movers, generators, and switchgear. It includes operation of the auxiliary generating system components and the routine maintenance which should be performed on these components. It also describes the functional relationship of these components and the supporting equipment within the complete system.The guidance and data in this manual are intended to be used by operating, maintenance, and repair personnel. It includes operating instructions, standard inspections, safety precautions, troubleshooting, and maintenance instructions. The information applies to reciprocating (diesel) and gas turbine prime movers, power generators, switchgear, and subsidiary electrical components. It also covers fuel, air, lubricating, cooling, and starting systems.

The two most important ingredients of combat stress are physical fatigue and mental stress. Combat stress is a result of exposure to battle conditions, just as injury and physical disease are results of battle conditions. In past wars, it was revealed that there was one combat stress casualty (identified as a neuropsychiatric casualty) for every four wounded in action - one for every three wounded during lengthy periods of intense combat. In a war characterized by continuous operations on a high-intensity integrated battlefield, the relationship of stress casualties to wounded in action is expected to be at least one to three and conceivably even greater. However, combat stress is not solely a medical problem. It is also a command problem - both in terms of numbers lost from duty and reduced performance of duty. It is command responsibility to take actions to increase the individual soldier's resistance to combat stress and to manage stress in units. In the past, leaders have not paid sufficient attention to mental stress. This field manual informs leaders that stress is a command problem. Dealing with stress reaps dividends during combat, and stress can be tolerated and managed. Victory on the battlefield is the ultimate goal of the Army. To achieve victory with the lowest cost of health and lives, soldiers must be well trained for battle. A significant part of such training must be learning to cope with stress. It cannot be overemphasized that leaders, too, must learn to cope with stress and, additionally, to manage stress in their units. Using stress-coping and stress-managing techniques in combat helps to conserve the fighting strength.

CONTENTSIntroductionExcavating, Preparing Bases, Filling, and BackfillingForms and ReinforcementPreparing and Placing ConcretePrecast ConcreteConcrete Slabs and FloorsMaintenance and Waterproofing of Concrete WallsRepair and Waterproofing of Underground StructuresBrick and Concrete MasonryGlass Block MasonryMaintenance and Waterproofing of Masonry WallsCleaningSafetyAppendix References Specifications for Concrete Specification for Masonry Specification for Waterproofing, Bituminous Membrane Specification for DampproofingIndex