Bøger af Müfit Bahadir

Am Ende einer jeden Entsorgungskette steht die Deponie. Da Standorte rur Deponien knapp sind und weil in alten Ablagerungen noch Wertstoffe enthalten sein konnen, wird zunehmend erwogen, alte Ablagerungen wieder aufzunehmen. Es ist dabei zunachst das Ziel, die Abfallmasse zu reduzieren, zu inertisieren und hochstverdichtet wieder abzulagern, um so neuen Deponieraum zu gewinnen. Wissenschaftliche und technische Grundlagen rur eine derartige Vorgehensweise sind noch wenig erarbeitet worden. Von der Volkswagen-Stiftung ist deshalb hierzu ein Forschungsantrag von vier Instituten der Technischen Universitat Braunschweig bewilligt worden, aufgrund dessen die zugehorigen Arbeiten von 1992 bis 1994 finanziert wurden. Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse des Abschluberichtes von 1995 sollen hier publiziert werden. Im Namen aller Antragsteller bedanke ich mich bei der Volkswagen-Stiftung rur diese Forderung und rur die unkomplizierte und sehr effektive Zusammenarbeit. Besonders danken wir Herrn Dr. Hofvon der Volkswagen-Stiftung, der uns jeder- zeit engagiert beraten und im Sinne eines zugigen Projektablaufes geholfen hat. Sehr dankbar sind wir auch dem Stadtreinigungsamt der Stadt Braunschweig und seinem Leiter, Herrn Dipl.-Ing. Bode, rur die Moglichkeit, die Versuche auf der Deponie Braunschweig-Watenbuttel durchfuhren zu konnen. Herzlich danken wir Herrn S charringhau sen, der uns im alltaglichen Versuchsablauf tatkraftig unter- stutzt hat. Ohne alle diese verborgenen Unterstutzungen hatten wir das Projekt nicht in der vorliegenden Form realisieren konnen.

Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA) is one of the water scarcest regions on earth. There, lack of water resources is common, and water scarcity has become an increasing constraint to their economic development, particularly of the agriculture, which is the biggest water consumer. Many countries in this region have been exploiting their non-renewable fossil water resources in order to relieve the acute pressure of water stress, depleting their resource base, and undermining their long-term economic development and food security, with additional consequences for human health and the environment. Disputes over water lead to tension within communities, and unreliable water services are prompting people to migrate in search for better living conditions. Water investments absorb large amounts of public funds, which could often be used more efficiently elsewhere. These challenges appear likely to escalate.Besides the availability of water, the efficiency of usage, e.g. in the agriculture, the suitability of plants cultivated, the yield values, etc. plays also an important role in decision making processes. As the region¿s population continues to grow, water availability per capita is set to fall by 50% by 2050, and most of the countries in the region are going to face with ¿absolute water scarcity¿.The expert workshop aimed at evaluating the options for coping with water scarcity through assessing the water demand and supply up to the year 2050, thereby considering issues like climate change, population growth, and economic development.

Sustainable Water Management is essential for the social, economic, and environmental growth of developing countries. Many of those had very high population growth rates in the last century, resulted in fast urbanization and strengthened by heavy migration from rural areas to the cities either of big or small size. Water supply of good quality and adequate quantity, especially in countries with semi-arid regions, and appropriate sewerage systems and treatment of wastewaters impaired severe constraints for the population. Nevertheless, many alternatives for wastewater treatment were developed with the participation of universities and research institutions as well as by practitioners. Substantial efforts have been directed towards the search of good alternatives for domestic sewage treatment in metropolitan regions and small cities in developing countries in order to comply with their particular economic and environmental conditions. The use of conventional treatment technologies as well as advanced alternatives for treatment and post-treatment of wastewater, issues of plant scales in centralized and decentralized systems, and possible reuse of the effluents were aimed to present on this workshop and to discuss theoretical and practical aspects.The main objectives of the workshop were (i) to share experiences, knowledge, and research between different partners; (ii) to discuss major problems and challenges in the field of wastewater treatment and reuse in Metropolitan Regions and Small Cities in Developing Countries; (iii) to present suitable treatment technologies for domestic wastewater for the removal of recalcitrant substances and micro-pollutants from domestic sewage and industrial effluents; and (iv) likeliness of reuse of treated wastewater in urban areas, in the industry, and in agriculture. Individual topics dealt with were (v) alternatives for domestic sewage treatment in metropolitan regions and small cities; (vi) anaerobic processes for the treatment of domestic sewage and industrial wastewaters; (vii) stabilization ponds; (viii) aerobic granular sludge; (ix) post-treatment processes; (x) centralized and decentralized systems; and (xi) water reuse.