Bøger af Kemal Yildirim

This book explores how memory intersects with and shapes religious traditions and cultural identities of ancient civilizations in respect of their religious beliefs and cultural identities. . ¿t discusses how the memory layers that make up ancient history (social, religious, cultural) are represented and refracted in different contexts of the written and material remains of antiquity. Part ¿ Part I looks at religious pasts and the religious present in description and philiosophy of religion contexts, as well as the visual expression of specific identities, formed and forged over long periods of time. Part ¿¿ Part II is about defining religious identity and focuses on the apparently homogenous cultures that engage in a dialogue with their own past. case studies show how selective commemoration and inventing the past shape particular religious identities., and ancient religious lives of anc¿ent peoples. PART III Part III is about the forgotten ancient religions

The Zazas, (also known as Kird, Kirmanc or Dimili) are a people in eastern Anatolia who natively speak the Zaza language. Their heartland, the Dersim region, consists of Tunceli, Bingöl provinces and parts of Elaz¿¿, Erzincan and Diyarbak¿r provinces. The majority of Zazas consider themselves ethnic Kurds, part of the Kurdish nation,Among Kurdish Social groups, However, Zazas identify themselves with different names changing from region to region. Kirmancs, Kirds, Dimili/Dumbili and Zazas. And the dialect carry the names of their different regions - Kirmanchki, Kirdki, Dimilki and Zazaki. Compared to other Kurdish dialects, their dialect alone retains characteristics from ancient languages which have been preserved through time. Zazas originated in eastern Anatolia and are genetically indistinguishable from their Kurmanji neighbors, although linguistically connected to the region south of the Caspian Sea. The future of the Zaza will greatly be determined by the political processes in Turkey through the Government policies in Turkey. and through the prospective of Kurdish movement and the activity of Zaza intellectuals themselves.

The Amarna Period was an era of Egyptian history during the latter half of the Eighteenth Dynasty when the royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen was shifted to Akhetaten ('Horizon of the Aten') in what is now Amarna. It was marked by the reign of Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaten (1353¿1336 BC) in order to reflect the dramatic change of Egypt's polytheistic religion into one where the sun disc Aten was worshipped over all other gods. Aten was not solely worshipped (the religion was not monotheistic), but the other gods were worshipped to a significantly lesser degree. The Egyptian pantheon of the equality of all gods and goddesses was restored under Akhenaten's successor, Tutankhamun. This book examines Foreign policies of this famous civilization as well as the Diplomatic practices conducted during Amarna Era in ancient Neareast.The Amarna Letters feature correspondence among the rulers of several empires, dubbed by modern historians The Club of Great Powers such as Babylon, Assyria, Mitanni and Hatti, viz. the major powers in Mesopotamia, the Levant and Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age.

They follow a faith born in Mesopotamia more than 4,000 years ago. It is rooted in Zoroastrianism but has, over time, blended in elements of Islam and Christianity. Yazidis pray to God three times a day facing the sun and worship his seven angels ¿ the most important of which is Melek Taus, or Peacock angel.They need to hear the Gospel and see the lives of true believers.As non-Arab and non-Muslim Iraqis,persecution of the Yazidi people of Iraq, leading to their expulsion, flight and effectively exile from their ancestral lands in North Iraq, the abduction of Yazidi women and massacres of at least 5,000 Yazidi civilians Yazidis have long been one of the country's most vulnerable minorities in Mesopotamia . Persecution under Saddam Hussein as well as ISIS in Iraq forced thousands of families to flee the country. Germany is home to the largest community abroad, with an estimated 40,000.and about 100,000 scattered around the world.

We define human rights as the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death. In principle human rights apply regardless of where you are from, what you believe or how you choose to live your life. In which it can never be taken away, although they can occasionally be restricted ¿ for example if a person breaks the law, or any sort of threat in the interests of national security. These basic rights are based on values like dignity, fairness, equality, respect and independence. But human rights are not just abstract concepts ¿ human rights therefore are defined and protected by law in the respective countries according to their constitutional law. This book explores Challenges in Postmodernism for Human Rights and Fundamental Rights in Mediterranean Countries.

The Government¿s relations both at local base and their interactions with such organizations either vis-a-vis or underground is being analyzed. l also try to indicate how Islam spread rapidly from its birthplace in Arabia. In part its spread was due to jihad ('holy war' ) so all these Muslim Organizations arising in Turkic, Persian and Arab world that shapes the governments with their direct or indirect political interactions based on their philosophy though slightly differs a bit among all those sects arose.I also wish to express certain hints on a balanced comparison between Islamic and other views in the field of polity and form of government, l therefore review of the important issues in the philosophy of politics, and on every issue find out what is the view of Islam in conceptual approach and how it is shaped in minds, comparing it with the other views. I therefore intend to make a detailed investigation of the basic differences between them. And I focus on some issues to explain the views of Islam pertaining to them in order that it may be possible to make such comparisons. To me it was therefore important also to indicate ¿What Do Muslims believe ?¿

Patagonia (Spanish pronunciation: [patä¿onja]) is a sparsely populated region at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes Mountains, lakes, fjords, and glaciers in the west and deserts, tablelands and steppes to the east. Patagonia is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and many bodies of water that connect them, such as the Strait of Magellan, the Beagle Channel, and the Drake Passage to the south. The Colorado and Barrancas rivers, which run from the Andes to the Atlantic, are commonly considered the northern limit of Argentine Patagonia. The archipelago of Tierra del Fuego is sometimes included as part of Patagonia. Most geographers and historians locate the northern limit of Chilean Patagonia at Huincul Fault, in Araucanía Region. At the time of the Spanish arrival, Patagonia was inhabited by multiple indigenous tribes. In a small portion of northwestern Patagonia, indigenous peoples practiced agriculture, while in the remaining territory, peoples lived as hunter-gatherers, traveling by foot in eastern Patagonia.

The Nabataeans were an ancient Arab people, who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant. Their settlements ¿ most prominently the assumed capital city of Raqmu (present-day Petra, Jordan) ¿ gave the name Nabatene to the Arabian borderland that stretched from the Euphrates to the Red Sea. The Nabataeans were one of several nomadic Bedouin tribes that roamed the Arabian Desert in search of pasture and water for their herds. They emerged as a distinct civilization and political entity between the second and fourth century BCE, with their kingdom centered around a loosely controlled trading network that brought considerable wealth and influence across the ancient world. Described as fiercely independent by contemporary Greco-Roman accounts, the Nabataeans were annexed into the Roman Empire by Emperor Trajan in 106 CE. Nabataeans' individual culture, easily identified by their characteristic finely potted painted ceramics, was adopted into the larger Greco-Roman culture. They were later converted to Christianity during the Later Roman Era.

Shari¿a can be looked at as the normative kernel of Islam. Therefore, fatwas (legal opinions) and fiqh (the science of lawmaking), by which this kernel is constituted and is often described as the essence of Islam. Like other religions, Islam is concerned with the moral conduct of believers. When Islamic law is incorporated into state law, it controls the personal affairs and the moral conduct of human beings without an anthropocentric ethical concept or justification. The notion of an Islamic state is a post-colonial idea that is premised on a European model of the state as a totalitarian view of law, and public policy as the instruments of social engineering by ruling elites¿. Islamic norms are only ¿religious obligations for individual Muslims¿. This book defines fundamental rights in a broad sense that can be separated from contextual and mutable rights.

In India, the Human Rights notions of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion are integrated in the Indian Constitution, but interpreted from within an Indian framework of reference that has close links to pre-modern and modern forms of Hinduism. The doctrine of Human Rights cannot automatically count on meeting with approval from the part of the world¿s religions. Human Right as a word is not framed by ancient Indians, but the content of current Human Rights was included in the ancient education pattern in Gurukul and Ashramas. Ancient India recognized the supreme value of moral education in human life. Whereas, Western Human Rights are primarily about rights, not about duties. In the case of most religions, the reverse is true. Hinduism too, starts from duties, not from rights.

This book will discuss about fundamental rights as well as Promotion of Democracy in the Arab world and neighbouring countries, also known as the ¿Broader¿ Middle East, including North African region, has been stated to be one of the principal foreign policy priorities by EU countries, as well as by the United States, Canada, and Japan. Lack of democracy in the region may represent one of the greatest obstacles to development. There seems to be undoubtedly a heightened interest in developing initiatives and modalities for the Arab world to adopt democratic principles, as evidenced by the documents issued from the US, with the ¿Greater Middle East Initiative¿ Europe, with the ¿Strategic Partnership with the Mediterranean and the Middle East¿. These initiatives ¿ in particular the book will discover fundamental human rights widely in the Broader Middle east and North Africa.

Canaan (/¿ke¿n¿n/; Northwest Semitic: knän, Ken¿¿an) was a Semitic-speaking civilization and region in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC. The name Canaan appears throughout the Bible, where it corresponds to the Levant, in particular to the areas of the Southern Levant that provide the main setting of the narrative of the Bible: Phoenicia, Philistia, Israel, and other nations.The word Canaanites serves as an ethnic catchall term covering various indigenous populations ¿ both settled and nomadic-pastoral groups ¿ throughout the regions of the southern Levant or Canaan. It is by far the most frequently used ethnic term in the Bible. In the Book of Joshua, the Canaanites are included in a list of nations to exterminate, and later described as a group, which the Israelites had annihilated. Biblical scholar Mark Smith notes that archaeological data suggests "that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature".

Muthuvel Karunanidhi (3 June 1924 ¿ 7 August 2018) was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He had the longest tenure as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with 6,863 days in office. He was also a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party. Before entering politics, he worked in the Tamil film industry as a screenwriter. He also made contributions to Tamil literature, having written stories, plays, novels, and a multiple-volume memoir. He was popularly referred to as "Kalaignar" (Artist) and "Mutthamizharignar" (Tamil Scholar) for his contributions to Tamil literature. Karunanidhi died on 7 August 2018 at Kauvery Hospital in Chennai after prolonged, age related illness.

Lebanon¿s diversity has also posed a number of significant challenges. Lebanon¿s history indicates the potential for religious tensions to escalate, especially in a broader context where sectarian violence has ravaged both Iraq and Syria and threatens to create fault lines across the region where the war in Syria has specifically had an impact on the country¿s stability and raises questions about the future of its minorities.This book aims to examine the current situation of religious minorities in Lebanon. It draws on a desk review of existing materials and media reports, together with first-hand field research and interviews with members of different religious communities, including activists belonging to currently unrecognized groups.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional grouping that promotes economic, political, and security cooperation among its ten members: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. ASEAN countries have a total population of 650 million people and a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.8 trillion. The group has played a central role in the Asian economic integration, signing six free-trade agreements with other regional economies and helping spearhead negotiations for what could be the world¿s largest free trade pact. This book will discover diplomacy and foreign policies of ASEAN Member States.

The Marsh Arabs (¿Arab al-Ahw¿r "Arabs of the Marshlands"), also referred to as the Mäd¿n (Arabic: "dweller in the plains") or shroog (Arabic:¿ "those from the east") ¿ the latter two often considered derogatory in the present day ¿ are inhabitants of the Tigris-Euphrates marshlands in the south and east of Iraq as well as in the Hoveyzieh marshes of Southwest Iran. Ma'dan (Marsh Arabs). Alternate names: Marsh Arabs. Location: Iraq (marshes at the junction of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers). Population: Fewer than 20,000 (2003 estimate). Language: Arabic. Religion: Islam (Shia Muslim). The Ma'dan, or Marsh Arabs, is a distinct group of people, who originally inhabited the marshy area at the junction of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq before the marshes were destroyed by irrigation projects developed by the Iraqi government. A semi-nomadic tribal people, the Ma'dan once lived in reed huts built on floating islands of reeds, and made their living by herding water buffalo, fishing, and hunting wild boars and waterfowl. Their houses were elaborately woven with Gothic-like arches made of bundles of reeds tied together at the top.