Bøger af Jean Senat Fleury

From the summer of 1944, Japan was intensively bombed. Forty-one Japanese cities were destroyed by bombing. On August 6, 1945, a total of 90,000 to 120,000 Japanese were killed after the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, the second atomic bomb hit Nagasaki. This bomb caused even greater damage. A total of 150,000 to 200,000 people lost their lives. In a radio address (known as Gyokuon-hsa) on August 15, 1945, Hirohito announced acceptance of the terms of the Potsdam Declaration. On the same day, the Japanese government communicated this message to the Allied Powers: "Acting by order and in the name of the Emperor, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial Headquarters, we hereby declare our acceptance of the terms set forth in the declaration issued by the Heads of Government of the United States, China and Great Britain on July 26, 1945, at Potsdam".

The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Empire covers several decades of Japanese history. The book identifies Japanese beliefs, policies and practices from 1853 to the Pacific War. It describes Japan's opening to modernization with the arrival of Matthew Calbraith Perry in the country in 1853, and details the wars launched by Emperor Meiji and Emperor Hirohito during the 19th and 20th centuries.The Rise and Fall of the Japanese Empire is a study of the various stages involved in Japan becoming an Empire. This began with Japan's first war against China (1894 - 1895), Japan's war against Russia (1904 - 1905), the attack by Japanese troops on the American fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and ended with Japan's entry into the Second World War.In the second part, the book describes the fate of Japan after the Second World War. Immediately after the surrender, under American leadership, a period of occupation set in. In 1947, a new constitution was promulgated. This legal document officially sealed the fall of the Japanese empire.

Japan: The Rise and Fall of an Empire covers many decades of Japanese Empire history. It identifies the beliefs, the policies, and the practices of the Japanese from 1853 to the Pacific War. It describes Japan¿s opening to modernization with the 1853 arrival of commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry in the country, and details the wars launched by Emperor Meiji and Emperor Hirohito.The book exposes the expansionist policy practiced by Japan at the end of the 19th century and during the first period of the 20th century. Indeed, since the adoption of the Meiji Constitution in 1889 and the first period of the Sh¿wa era (1927¿1945), the military has controlled Japan¿s constitutional government. The result has been years of political instability, with more internal strife, violence, killings, assassinations, foreign aggression, and war crimes.In the second part, the book describes what happened to Japan after WW2. A period of occupation by the Allies followed. In 1947, with American involvement, a new constitution was enacted, officially bringing the Empire of Japan to an end.

1910¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿, 1931¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿, 1942¿¿¿ 1945¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿.¿¿: ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿2¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿. 1947¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿.

The book on the Russo-Japanese War illustrates with great details how Russia was outfought both tactically and strategically during the war and how Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in the Far East. Japan became the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power. The Russo-Japanese War is a book of information and training; a reference document that the authors present as an educational tool. At minimum, the authors like readers to be outraged at the consequences of war, particularly destruction of livelihoods and infrastructure (water supply and transportation system, sexual violence, and hunger). The authors¿ message from the book is simple, ¿There are no real victors in war, as all parties involved have to suffer the consequences with always high numbers of causalities on both sides.¿

On January 4, 1882, Emperor Meiji issued the so-called Imperial Rescript for the Army (Gunjin Chokuyu). The Rescript marked the beginning of a period of rapid change in which Japan became less of an isolated feudal state and more of an industrialized, militarily aggressive nation. The Meiji renovation imposed practical rules on the Japanese. The imposition of these rules led to the modernization and westernization of Japan. Meiji used his imperial authority to abolish feudalism and the samurai, and create a constitutional monarchy. He paved the way for the birth of the Japanese empire.

4 qnwarq 1882 goda imperator Mäjdzi izdal tak nazywaemyj imperatorskij reskript ob armii (Gunjin Chokuü). Jetot ukaz oznamenowal nachalo perioda bystryh peremen, w hode kotorogo Yaponiq stala men'she pohozha na izolirowannoe feodal'noe gosudarstwo i bol'she na promyshlenno razwituü i agressiwnuü w woennom otnoshenii naciü. Rekonstrukciq Mäjdzi nawqzala qponcam prakticheskie prawila. Nawqzywanie ätih prawil priwelo k modernizacii i westernizacii Yaponii. Mäjdzi ispol'zowal swoü imperatorskuü wlast' dlq otmeny feodalizma i samurajstwa i sozdaniq konstitucionnoj monarhii. On prolozhil put' k rozhdeniü Yaponskoj imperii.

¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1901 ¿ 4 ¿ 29 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1926 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 25 ¿¿¿¿¿¿ 124 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿.¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. 1926 ¿¿¿ 1989 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 1 ¿¿¿¿¿1946 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿

Japan: The Rise of an Empire covers many decades of Japanese Empire history. It identifies the beliefs, the policies, and the practices of the Japanese from 1853 to the Pacific War. It describes Japan¿s opening to modernization with the 1853 arrival of commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry in the country, and details the wars launched by Emperor Meiji and Emperor Hirohito during the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries.The book exposes the expansionist policy practiced by Japan at the end of the 19th century and during the first period of the 20th century.

1946 ¿ 1 ¿ 19 ¿¿1928 ¿ 1 ¿ 1 ¿¿¿ 1945 ¿ 9 ¿ 1 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 10 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 1945 ¿ 7 ¿ 26 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1945 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 80 ¿¿¿A ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿28 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 9 ¿¿¿¿¿¿ 19 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 7 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 28 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿

¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1800 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿20 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 1894 ¿ 7 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 4 ¿¿¿ 1894 ¿ 8 ¿ 1 ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿

1941 年 12 月 7 日、日本軍はハワイの真珠湾でアメリカ艦隊を攻撃しました。 合計で、2, 4000 人のアメリカ人が死亡し、数百人が負傷しました。188 機の飛行機と 3 隻のアメリカ艦艇の破壊もあります。船舶11隻、航空機約130機が被害を受けた。この攻撃は、米国の第二次世界大戦への参入につながりました。1941 年 12 月 11 日、フランクリン D. ルーズベルト大統領は、日本に対して宣戦布告します。 その後、1,600 万人のアメリカ兵が、フランス、イギリス、カナダを含む連合軍と共に戦うために動員されました。真珠湾については、今日でも多くの問題が議論されています。ワシントン当局者は、1941 年 12 月 7 日にアメリカ太平洋艦隊が日本海軍に攻撃されることを知っていたのか、知らなかったのか? ロバート・スティネットは著書「欺瞞の日：FDRと真珠湾に関する真実」の中で、米国は真珠湾の前に日本海軍の作戦メッセージを読んだと主張した. スティネットは、フランクリン・ルーズベルトと彼の政権が、米国を第二次世界大戦に引き込むために、意図的に攻撃を誘発し、可能にしたと主張した.

Japan's desire to build a modern industrial civilization led it to a policy of expansion. Around the turn of the 20th century, the Japanese embarked on a period of aggressive expansion to change the course of their nation, which had been isolated from the rest of the world for much of its history. For Japan's nationalist leaders, Western powers such as the United States, Britain, France and Russia had adopted tariffs that prevented Japan from accessing the natural resources it needed to develop its industrial capacity. In late July 1894, Japanese troops attacked Chinese forces stationed on the Korean peninsula. Four days later, on August 1, 1894, Japan declared war on China.

From the comfort women to Unit 731 and the Nanking Massacre, millions of people were victims of the Japanese army and navy. On the verge of losing the war, the Japanese simply lost the map and became out of control. Their behavior had long been adopted by the troops but worsened as the war continued. The mass execution of prisoners of war and civilians was an integral part of operations and planning. The 10th Army used gas during the Nanjing invasion and the whole thing was planned as an integral part of the operation. Many Chinese people were burned alive during the siege of the city. Commander Nakajima, in his diary, stated: ¿between December 11 and 13, 1937, I had to coordinate the procurement of several trucks to transport the prisoners to graves capable of accommodating seven or eight thousand corpses.¿

By mid-September 1894, the Japanese navy controlled the Gulf of Chihli avoiding the Chinese in order to ship reinforcements to Korea by sea. They captured Port Arthur on November 21. Following a victory at Lüshin, the same month, General Yamagata prepared to march on Beijing. By March 1895, the Japanese forces had successfully invaded Shandong province in Manchuria and had fortified ports that commanded the sea approaches to Beijing. After suffering more than six months of unbroken losses to Japan¿s land and naval forces, and the loss of the port of Weihaiwei, China sued for peace in February 1895. Despite the formal opening of peace talks at Shimonoseki, Japanese ships bombarded and landed troops on the Pescadores Islands. The surrender of the Pescadores resulted in Chinäs cession of those islands to Japan including Taiwan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki on April 17, 1895. The treaty demanded cession of the Liaodong peninsula as well. The conflict between the Qing dynasty of China and the empire of Japan over influence in Joseon, Korea, ended in February 1895.

The Allied victory in the Pacific led to the indictment and trial of twenty-eight senior Japanese dignitaries responsible for the deaths of between 20 and 30 million people during World War II. These high dignitaries, charged with crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, were tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.In the eyes of many observers, the trial in Tokyo had the appearance of revenge of the Western powers over Japan, especially a revenge of the United States, which did not forgive the surprise attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor. The winners of World War II also want to punish Japan, which had signed a pact of understanding with Germany and Italy to annex other territories in the Pacific and East Asia.True or false. In the book the author analyses the trial and highlights the procedural weaknesses and political negotiations in the work of the International Military Tribunal for the Far West.

Letom 1941 goda, za tri mesqca do naznacheniq Todzo prem'er-ministrom, Soedinennye Shtaty potrebowali ot Yaponii wywesti wojska iz Indonezii. Yaponcy otkazalis'. V otwet Vashington ob#qwil ämbargo protiw Yaponii. Jeto ämbargo lishilo Yaponskuü imperiü strategicheskogo syr'q, w chastnosti nefti, ot kotoroj strana zawisela w wojne protiw Kitaq. V otwet na äto ämbargo 7 dekabrq 1941 goda qponskij flot, sobrawshijsq w buhte Hitokappu, pri sodejstwii nemeckoj shpionskoj sluzhby tajno atakowal Tihookeanskij flot SShA w Perl-Harbore.Na sleduüschij den' qponskie wojska wtorglis' w Tailand i napali na britanskie kolonii Malajü, Singapur i Gonkong, a takzhe na territorii ostrowow Uäjk, Guam i Filippin. Yaponcy rasshirili swoü imperiü, zawoewaw V'etnam, Kambodzhu i Laos.V knige "Tihookeanskaq wojna" podrobno opisywaetsq istoriq wojn, razwqzannyh Yaponiej w Tihom okeane i Juzhnoj Azii (1941-1945 gg.).

In La Rançon, Mr. Fleury explains how France forced Haiti to pay ninety million gold francs for the recognition of its independence, and how the payment of this debt hindered and mortgaged the future of the nation.The author concludes by saying that France must repay the "double debt" that Haiti has paid. Cooperation is a first solution, especially in the areas of education, culture, higher education and research, public health, agriculture and sustainable development.In addition, says the author, France must help Haiti in the process of a total revision of the ultraliberal economic policies that have been strangling it for years and years. Policies dictated by international institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank, the WTO in which France plays a leading role.

V knige "La Rançon" g-n Fleri rasskazywaet o tom, kak Franciq zastawila Gaiti zaplatit' dewqnosto millionow zolotyh frankow za priznanie ee nezawisimosti, i kak wyplata ätogo dolga prepqtstwowala i zakladywala buduschee nacii.V zaklüchenie awtor goworit, chto Franciq dolzhna wernut' "dwojnoj dolg", kotoryj wyplatila Gaiti. Sotrudnichestwo - äto perwoe reshenie, osobenno w oblasti obrazowaniq, kul'tury, wysshego obrazowaniq i nauchnyh issledowanij, zdrawoohraneniq, sel'skogo hozqjstwa i ustojchiwogo razwitiq.Krome togo, po slowam awtora, Franciq dolzhna pomoch' Gaiti w processe polnogo peresmotra ul'traliberal'noj äkonomicheskoj politiki, kotoraq dushila stranu na protqzhenii mnogih let. Politiki, prodiktowannoj mezhdunarodnymi institutami, takimi kak MVF, Vsemirnyj bank i VTO, w kotoryh Franciq igraet weduschuü rol'.

Hirohito, the eldest son of Emperor Yoshihito, was born on April 29, 1901 in the royal palace in Tokyo, Japan. On the death of his father in 1926, Hirohito became, at the age of twenty-five, the 124th emperor of Japan. His accession to the throne marked Japan¿s entry into the Sh¿wa Era, meaning ¿Radiant Peace.¿ Educated from an early age to military principles, Shintoism and respect for the divine character of its imperial condition, the Daigensui, Hirohito at the head of an increasingly powerful Japanese army drove his country to war and expansionism.A controversial figure, Hirohito was pictured as a reluctant supporter of the occupation of Manchuria, which led to the second Sino-Japanese War, and also as a strong supporter of the Pacific War. Many historians portray him as that of a constitutional monarch who passively endorsed the entry of Japan into war in order not to go against the majority opinion from his government, particularly the commanders of the Army and the Navy, in favor of wars.

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese army attacked the American fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. In total, 2, 4000 Americans were killed and hundreds injured. There are also the destruction of 188 planes and 3 American ships. Eleven boats and about 130 aircraft suffered damage. This attack led to the entry of the United States into World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, on December 11, 1941, declares war on Japan.Several decades after Pearl Harbor, the debate is still open on the veracity of the facts of the attack. Did US naval radar in the Pacific had detected the Japanese naval armada prior to the attack; and American commanders at Hawaii had chosen to suffer the attack and push the United States into World War II? Did Pearl Harbor was indeed a surprise attack and must be regarded as President Roosevelt described it as "a day ofinfamy"?

In the summer of 1941, three months before T¿j¿ was appointed prime minister, the United States demanded that Japan withdraw from Indonesia. The Japanese refused. In return, Washington declared an embargo against Japan. This embargo deprived the Japanese empire of strategic raw materials, in particular oil, on which the country depended for the war against China. In response to this embargo, on December 7, 1941, the Japanese fleet assembled at Hitokappu Bay, aided by German spy service, secretly attacked the U.S. Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor.The following day, Japanese troops invaded Thailand and attacked the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as the territories of Wake Island, Guam, and the Philippines. The Japanese expanded their empire with the conquest of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.The Pacific War details the history of the wars launched by Japan in the Pacific and South Asia (1941-1945).

V perwoj chasti knigi awtor analiziruet sudebnyj process nad glawnymi politicheskimi i woennymi liderami Tret'ego rejha. Jetot sudebnyj process otkrylsq w Nürnberge 14 noqbrq 1945 goda.Vo wtoroj chasti on analiziruet process nad dwadcat'ü wosem'ü qponskimi starshimi oficerami w Mezhdunarodnom woennom tribunale dlq Dal'nego Vostoka, izwestnyj kak "Tokijskij process", kotoryj stal wtoroj posle Nürnberga popytkoj mezhdunarodnogo otweta na prestupleniq, sowershennye woüüschimi storonami wo wremq Vtoroj mirowoj wojny.

V knige #Vykup# Fleri rasskazal, kak Franciq zastawila Gaiti zaplatit' dewqnosto millionow zolotyh frankow za priznanie ee nezawisimosti, i kak wyplata ätogo dolga pomeshala i zalozhila buduschee nacii.Awtor prishel k wywodu, chto Franciq dolzhna wozmestit' #dwojnoj dolg#, kotoryj wyplatila Gaiti. Sotrudnichestwo - äto perwoe reshenie, osobenno w oblasti obrazowaniq, kul'tury, wysshego obrazowaniq i nauchnyh issledowanij, zdrawoohraneniq, sel'skogo hozqjstwa i ustojchiwogo razwitiq. Krome togo, schitaet awtor, Franciq dolzhna pomoch' Gaiti w processe polnogo peresmotra ul'traliberal'noj äkonomicheskoj politiki, kotoraq dushit ee uzhe mnogo-mnogo let. Politiki, prodiktowannoj mezhdunarodnymi institutami, takimi kak MVF, Vsemirnyj bank i VTO, w kotoryh Franciq igraet weduschuü rol'.

A former judge with a passion for history, Jean Sénat Fleury was born in Haiti and currently lives in Boston. He wrote several historical books. Japan: The Fall of an Empire describes what happened to Japan after WW2. A period of occupation by the Allies followed. In 1947, with American involvement, a new constitution was enacted, officially bringing the Empire of Japan to an end.

In The Ransom Fleury explained how France has forced Haïti to pay ninety million gold francs for the recognition of its independence, and how the payment of this debt had hindered and mortgaged the future of the nation.The author concluded that France must reimburse the ¿double debt¿ that Haïti has paid. Through cooperation is a first solution, especially in the areas of education, culture, higher education and research, public health, agriculture, and sustainable development. In addition, said the author, France must help Haïti in the process of a total revision of ultraliberal economic policies that strangle it for years and years. Policies dictated by international institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank, and the WTO in which France plays a leading role.