Bøger af ICRP

Radiation detriment is a concept developed by the International Commissionon Radiological Protection to quantify the burden of stochastic effects from lowdoseand/or low-dose-rate exposures to the human population. It is determined fromthe lifetime risks of cancer for a set of organs and tissues and the risk of heritableeffects, taking into account the severity of the consequences. This publication providesa historical review of detriment calculation methodology since ICRPPublication 26, with details of the procedure developed in ICRP Publication 103,which clarifies data sources, risk models, computational methods, and rationale forthe choice of parameter values. A selected sensitivity analysis was conducted toidentify the parameters and calculation conditions that can be major sources ofvariation and uncertainty in the calculation of radiation detriment. It has demonstratedthat sex, age at exposure, dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor, doseassumption in the calculation of lifetime risk, and lethality fraction have a substantialimpact on radiation detriment values. Although the current scheme of radiationdetriment calculation is well established, it needs to evolve to better reflect changes inpopulation health statistics and progress in scientific understanding of radiationhealth effects. In this regard, some key parameters require updating, such as thereference population data and cancer severity. There is also room for improvementin cancer risk models based on the accumulation of recent epidemiological findings.Finally, the importance of improving the comprehensibility of the detriment conceptand the transparency of its calculation process is emphasised.

Includes the main text for the whole series of Publication 30, and data on twenty one elements having radioisotopes that are of considerable importance in radiological protection.

Focuses on the reference male and female, including data on mass of the various organs of the body, chemical composition of the body and various tissues and physiological data.

ICRP Publication 21 contained data for protection against ionizing radiation from external sources. The data were of two kinds, one on the relationships between various radiation quantities, the other on the shielding properties of various materials. This book deals with this topic.

Replaces the previous ICRP Publication 54 on individual monitoring programmes and the interpretation of results of measurements for intakes of radionuclides by workers. This book uses this information and takes account of the new principles for the radiological protection of workers provided in ICRP Publication 75.

Provides a set of data linking the operational quantities defined by ICRU with the dosimetric and protection quantities defined by ICRP. This report presents a basis for designing measurement programmes. It is useful to operational health physicists, medical physicists and those involved in the calibration of instruments and personal dosimetry.

In selecting characteristics of the representative person, three important concepts should be borne in mind: reasonableness, sustainability, and homogeneity. In this report, each concept is explained and examples are provided to illustrate their roles.

Derives a set of derived consideration reference levels for each biotic type in order to help optimise the level of effort that might be expended on its environmental protection, or that of similar types of organisms, and thus serve as points of reference in any consideration of what authorities may wish to do under different exposure situations.

In the present report, ICRP provides information on radiation doses to the infant due to intakes of radionuclides in maternal milk. As in Publication 88 on doses to the embryo and fetus following intakes of radionuclides by the mother, intakes by female members of the public and female workers are addressed. This book deals with this report.

In 1997, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiated a project intended to lead up to the replacement of its 1990 Recommendations (Publication 60) with a view to producing new, consolidated Recommendations 10-15 years after those of 1990. This book deals with this topic.

Deals with a proposed framework that is designed to harmonise with the ICRP's approach to the protection of human beings, but does not intend to set regulatory standards.

Inhalation of radionuclides leads to problems of spatial distribution of radiation dose within tissues. This book focuses on various types of radionuclides that may be inhaled and deposited in the respiratory tract.

Deals with the radiological protection of members of the public, following the disposal of long-lived solid radioactive waste using the 'concentrate and retain' strategy. This title covers options, including shallow land burial and deep geological disposal. Its recommendations apply to several disposal facilities.

Provides information relating to radiation dose to patients, including biokinetic models, biokinetic data, dose coefficients for organ and tissue absorbed doses. This report includes new information for 82Rb-chloride, iodide (123I, 124I, 125I, and 131I) and 123I labelled 2ss-carbomethoxy 3ss-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane (FPCIT).

A report, in which the Commission provides guidance for the protection of people living in long-term contaminated areas resulting from either a nuclear accident or a radiation emergency. It considers the effects of such events on the affected population.

This part gives metabolic data for 30 further elements, including Annual Limits on Intakes (ALI's) for their isotopes. The data given in this report are intended to be used together with the text and dosimetric models described in ICRP Publication 30, Part 1.

In March 1987 the International Commission on Radiological Protection established a Task Group of Committee 2 "to evaluate dose per unit intake for members of the public". This book deals with this report.

Epidemiological studies of the association between lung cancer and exposure to radon and its decay products are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to pooled case-control studies of residential exposures and to cohorts of underground miners exposed to relatively low levels of radon.

Describes the development and intended use of the computational phantoms of the Reference Male and Reference Female. This title deals with the methods used for this process and the characteristics of the resulting computational phantoms.

In this report the Commission describes its framework for protection of the environment and how it should be applied within the Commission's system of protection.

Consolidates previous recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) related to solid waste disposal. This book explains how the ICRP system of radiological protection described in Publication 103 can be applied in the context of the geological disposal of long-lived solid radioactive waste.

Provides a review of early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs with respect to radiation protection.

Includes guidance on the control of exposure from radiation sources issued since 1990. This title features radiation and tissue weighting factors in the quantities equivalent and effective dose and update the radiation detriment, based on the scientific information of the biology and physics of radiation exposure.

A title, in which, the commission includes a section on the protection of the environment, and indicated that it would be further developing its approach to this subject by way of a set of Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) as the basis for relating exposure to dose, and dose to radiation effects, for different types of animals and plants.

Describes the terms and methods used to assess the radiation exposure of astronauts, and provides data for the assessment of organ doses.

Lessons from accidental exposures are an invaluable resource for revealing vulnerable aspects of the practice of radiotherapy, and for providing guidance for the prevention of future occurrences. This report provides lessons from retrospective information in Sections 2 and 4.

Provides advice on the application of the Commission's 2007 Recommendations.

Gives fluence to dose conversion coefficients for both effective dose and organ absorbed doses for various types of external exposures, consistent with the 2007 Recommendations of the ICRP.