Bøger af Federal Emergency Management Agency

CONTENTS Preface Introduction, Background and Seismic Risk Areas Principles of Seismic Resistance in Dwellings Architectural Considerations Site Selection Elements of the Seismic Resistant System Foundations and Foundation Details Floors Shear Walls Roof Requirements Masonry Chimneys Concrete Masonry Clay Masonry Masonry and Stone Veneer Building Code and References Home Builders Check List Appendix: Typical Regular Floor Plans for Earthquake Resistance Acknowledgments

This guide provides step-by-step advice on how to create and maintain a comprehensive emergency management program. It can be used by manufacturers, corporate offices, retailers, utilities or any organization where a sizable number of people work or gather. Whether you operate from a high-rise building or an industrial complex; whether you own, rent or lease your property; whether you are a large or small company; the concepts in this guide will apply. To begin, you need not have in-depth knowledge of emergency management. What you need is the authority to create a plan and a commitment from the chief executive officer to make emergency management part of your corporate culture. If you already have a plan, use this guide as a resource to assess and update your plan.

Many homeowners feel they are trapped in a never-ending cycle of flooding and repairing. In addition, even though the flood damage can be repaired, the house is rarely the same, and its value usually declines. However, there are ways that this cycle of repetitive flooding can be broken. Throughout the country, numerous examples can be found that illustrate practical and cost-effective methods for reducing or eliminating the risk of a house being flooded again. Retrofitting a structure involves several steps, and this manual is arranged to cover them in a logical order.

This manual has been developed to illustrate a broad range of floodproofing techniques that can be used to reduce flood damages to existing or proposed non-residential structures. The manual is primarily directed at local officials, building owners, designers, contractors and other individuals or organizations that are interested in the design and implementation of floodproofing plans. The manual includes six chapters and several appendices. Chapter I introduces the user to the permanent, contingent, and emergency floodproofing techniques that will be addressed in this manual. Chapter II describes the major physical, economic, and social factors that influence the feasibility of floodproofing a structure, and related sources of information and technical assistance. Chapters III and IV provide more detailed information that will facilitate the selection and conceptual design of appropriate floodproofing methods. Representative costs of the various elements of floodproofing are presented in Chapter V. Chapter VI contains several floodproofing case histories. These case histories have been included to provide information on floodproofing plans that are currently in use, and the conditions for which they were designed. Several appendices have also been included in the manual to provide a variety of supplemental information.