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Field Manual (FM) 1-20, "Military History Operations," is applicable to all Army military history offices, military history units, and military history operations of major tactical and support commands generally at corps level and below. FM 1-20 provides basic doctrine describing the roles, relationships, organizations, and responsibilities of Army component command historians, historians, unit historical officers, and military history detachment (MHD) members in the United States Army. It describes, but does not extensively cover, historians and historical offices of unit at echelons above corps and at the joint level. It is designed to provide historians, unit historical officers, commanders, and staffs the methods to preserve and document the history of the U.S. Army. It explains how the Army conducts military history operations during wartime, for both deployed forces in the combat theater and those units supporting the operations. The Army has responded to numerous contingencies or military operations or military operations other than war in recent years, and this FM provides doctrine on conducting military history operations during such contingencies. It also provides commanders doctrinal guidance on the employment of organic military history assets as well as separate military history units. The primary users of this manual are force commanders, military history professionals, soldiers assigned the additional duty of unit historical officer, and soldiers assigned to MHDs. The manual provides guidance derived from regulations and other sources and gives techniques for the execution of military history operations. It reflects lessons learned in past operations and theories tested at the combat training centers.

Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (ATTP) 3-39.32, "Physical Security," provides doctrinal guidance for personnel who are responsible for planning and executing physical security programs. It is the basic reference for training security personnel and is intended to be used in conjunction with the Army Regulation (AR) 190 series (Military Police), Security Engineering Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) publications, Department of Defense (DOD) directives, and other Department of the Army (DA) publications. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserves (USAR) unless otherwise stated.

This publication is a rapid action revision. The portions affected by this rapid action revision are listed in the summary of change.

This field manual (FM 5-499)), "Hydraulics," serves as a guide for personnel who operate and maintain military equipment using hydraulic-powered control systems. It includes general information covering basic hydraulics and describes the properties and characteristics of fluids and server types of pumps, motors valves, and controls. This manual also deals with piping, tubing, and hoses used to convey fluid under pressure. It describes the functions and types of reservoirs, strainers, filters, and accumulators. It discusses the purposes and types of seals and packings used in fluid power systems. The contents of this manual are applicable to both nuclear and nonnuclear warfare.

This FMI, "Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High Yield Explosives Operational Headquarters," provides doctrine for operations of the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high yield explosives (CBRNE) operational headquarters. FMI 3-90.10 is intended to facilitate the operations and training requirements of the CBRNE operational headquarters as they organize, prepare for, and conduct operations. Its interim format will evolve into an official FM after lessons learned from training and operational experiences are incorporated into future Army doctrine. This manual is organized into six chapters and seven appendixes to provide additional detail on selected topics. A brief description of the chapters and appendixes is provided: Chapter 1 examines the operational environment (OE) and the nuances that apply to the CBRNE operational headquarters. Chapter 2 provides a description of the CBRNE operational headquarters, its subordinate elements, and key augmentation that will typically support the headquarters. Chapter 3 lays the foundations and framework combating weapons of mass destruction (WMD) across the spectrum of conflict and in support of full spectrum operations. Chapter 4 discusses weapons of mass destruction elimination (WMD-E) operations that are the focus for the CBRNE operational headquarters. A general scenario provides a framework for examples of WMD-E operations. Chapter 5 provides the basic construct of command, control, and support relationships as they are likely to impact on the CBRNE operational headquarters, its subordinate elements, and other potential augmentation as the CBRNE headquarters and its elements conduct operational missions. Chapter 6 discusses sustainment of the CBRNE operational headquarters and its subordinate elements. This chapter describes the integrated sustainment effort required to support CBRNE operations. Appendix A provides a description of the strategic framework and the fundamentals of combating WMD. This appendix primarily supports the material in Chapter 4 by explaining the framework that the CBRNE operational headquarters supports. Appendix B provides a more detailed description of the staff roles and responsibilities within the CBRNE operational headquarters. Primary focus is on the main command post (MCP) and the operational command post (OCP). This appendix provides additional depth for Chapter 2. Appendix C provides more detailed information on the weapons of mass destruction coordination element (WCE), an organic subordinate element of the CBRNE operational headquarters. Appendix D provides more detailed information on the nuclear disablement team (NDT), an organic subordinate element of the CBRNE operational headquarters. Appendix E provides more detailed information on the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high yield explosive analytical remediation activity (CARA), an organic subordinate element of the CBRNE operational headquarters. Appendix F provides more detailed information on the joint elimination coordination element (JECE). The JECE is a critical joint augmentation for the CBRNE operational headquarters and other operational level commands. Appendix G provides a discussion of training for the CBRNE operational headquarters and its subordinate elements for full spectrum operations. Appendix H provides a discussion of medical laboratory support and its applicability to WMD-E operations.

Brigade Combat Team (BCT) is a modular organization that provides the division, land component commander (LCC), or joint task force (JTF) commander with close combat capabilities. BCTs are designed for operations encompassing the entire spectrum of conflict. They fight battles and engagements by employing the tactical advantages of a combined arms force structure. BCTs accomplish their missions by integrating the actions of maneuver battalions, field artillery, aviation, engineer, air and missile defense, close air support, and naval gunfire. The BCT's reconnaissance squadron and automated information systems give it information superiority over threat forces. These assets enable the BCT to gather large amounts of information, process it rapidly into intelligence, and disseminate it to decision-makers quickly. Field manual 3-90.6, "Brigade Combat Team," provides the commander and staff of the Brigade Combat Team (BCT) and subordinate units with doctrine relevant to Army and joint operations. It applies to the Heavy Brigade Combat Team (HBCT), the Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT), and the Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT). The doctrine described in this manual applies across the full spectrum of military operations - offense, defense, stability or civil support. This publication: Provides BCTs with a framework in which they can operate as part of a division or independently as part of a joint task force; Provides doctrine for BCT commanders, staffs, and their subordinate commanders and leaders responsible for conducting major activities performed during operations; Serves as an authoritative reference for personnel who Develop doctrine (fundamental principles and tactics, techniques, and procedures), materiel, and force structure, Develop institution and unit training, and Develop unit tactical standard operating procedures for BCT operations; Reflects and supports the Army operations doctrine found in FM 3-0, FM 5-0, and FM 6-0.

This FM (FM 10-23-2) provides doctrine through tactics, techniques, and procedures for the operation and management of garrison dining facilities and Class I operations. It provides guidance for commanders, Class I officers, food advisors, troop issue subsistence officers, food service officers, food service supervisors, food service sergeants, subsistence supply handlers, cooks, and bakers. The Army Food Service Program covers the people, processes, and resources involved in feeding soldiers worldwide. Everything is included from research and development of a food item through the cooking and serving processes. Commanders and food service and Class I personnel do their part by making the most efficient use of their personnel, equipment, facilities, and supplies. Each person must know his job and work as part of a team. The basic objective of the Army Food Service Program is to provide authorized diners quality meals in an environment that is comparable to first-class commercial cafeterias, such as any of the national chain restaurants that provide full meal service. Troop Issue Subsistence Activities and food service operations must be properly organized, utilized, and managed to meet this objective.

This publication, "Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Field Artillery Target Acquisition" (FM 3-09.12), contains the doctrine, organization, tactics, techniques, and procedures required to manage field artillery target acquisition (TA) organizations, systems, personnel and equipment. It updates information and incorporates emerging doctrine and information about targeting, the military decision making process (MDMP), new equipment, and Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) considerations as they apply to the functions performed by the targeting officer and the radar section leader. This manual describes current and emerging TA organizations. These organizations include target acquisition batteries and radar platoons of active and reserve components, the corps target acquisition detachment (CTAD), radar platoons of the interim brigade combat team (IBCT) and interim division artillery (IDIVARTY), and the STRIKER platoon. Technical and tactical considerations for employing weapons locating radars are discussed in detail. This includes the AN/TPQ-47 that is currently being developed. New information contained in this manual includes duties and responsibilities for key TA personnel, rehearsals, stability operations and support operations, rotary and fixed wing radar movement procedures, and automated target data processing.

Army forces conduct full spectrum operations within operational environments characterized by complexity, uncertainty, and continuous change. In operations, commanders face thinking and adaptive enemies, changing civilian perceptions and differing agendas of various organizations in an operational area. Commanders can never predict with certainty how enemies or civilians will act and react or how events may develop. Success in operations requires leaders to build, maintain, and revise their situational understanding throughout an operation. Leaders must anticipate, learn, adapt, and manage transitions more effectively than their opponents. This manual describes how commanders-supported by their staffs, subordinate commanders, and other military and civilian partners-exercise command and control during the conduct of full spectrum operations. The operations process consists of the major command and control activities performed during operations: planning, preparing, executing, and continuously assessing the progress of an operation. Battle command is at the center of the operations process. The six chapters and its associated ten appendixes of this edition of field manual (FM) 5-0, The Operations Process, constitute the Army's view on planning, preparing, executing, and assessing operations. Together with FM 6-0, Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces, this manual provides the Army with a common philosophy and language for the exercise of command and control throughout the conduct of operations. This version of FM 5-0 increases the scope of the manual over previous versions from strictly a manual on planning and orders production to a manual that addresses all activities of the operations process. It describes how commanders, with support from their staffs, drive the operations process through battle command-the art and science of understanding, visualizing, describing, directing, leading, and assessing operations to accomplish missions. This change intends to better describe the dynamic relationship among the commander, staff, subordinate commanders and their staffs, and other military and civilian partners throughout the operations process-not just planning. In addition, FM 5-0 incorporates design within the operations process. Design is an approach to critical and creative thinking that assists commanders in understanding, visualizing, and describing complex problems and developing approaches to manage or solve them. To comprehend the doctrine contained in FM 5-0, readers must first understand the fundamentals of full spectrum operations described in FM 3-0, Operations. In addition, readers must be familiar with FM 3-90, Tactics, FM 3-07, Stability Operations, and JP 3-28, Civil Support. They must understand how offensive, defensive, and stability or civil support operations complement each other. Readers must also understand the fundamentals of command and control addressed in FM 6-0 and the fundamentals of leadership addressed in FM 6-22, Army Leadership. This manual applies to all Army forces. The principal audience for this manual is Army commanders and unit staffs (officers, noncommissioned officers, and Soldiers). Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as a joint task force or a multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine for the exercise of command and control. Trainers and educators throughout the Army also use this manual. FM 5-0 applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.

The corps design was forged by Napoleon in the early 1800s and became the operational construct for decisive maneuver and exploitation through World Wars I and II, Korea, Panama, Operation Desert Storm, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Today, the corps remains the operational headquarters for decisive land combat and includes enhanced capabilities for full spectrum operations. The corps defines the fight, ensures coherency, conducts operations maneuver, and serves as the bridge to translate strategic guidance into tactical tasks. The corps serves as an essential role as a joint or multinational headquarters for many contingencies. It conducts contingency planning to shape the operational environment, execute decisive operations, integrate interagency and nongovernmental agency efforts, and assess operations. The staff translates the corps commander's visualization into plans and orders. Commanders consider the elements of operational design as they frame the problem and describe their visualization. Field Manual 3-92, "Corps Operations," effectively describes the guiding principles and framework for decisive corps operations. This manual provides direction for the corps headquarters: what it looks like, how it is organized, how its staff operates, how it is commanded and controlled, and how it operates in full spectrum operations. This publication replaces the previous edition of the Army's corps operations manual and describes the organization and operations of the corps. It reflects current doctrine on the elements of full spectrum operations: offense, defense, and stability or civil support. This manual addresses these elements without regard to priority. This manual-Incorporates the Army's operational concept, full spectrum operations, Describes the stand alone corps headquarters, Links brigade combat team and division doctrine with theater army doctrine. It describes the principles underlying the Army modular corps, Shows a corps headquarters designed for four primary employment roles-in priority-an Army intermediate tactical headquarters, an ARFOR, a joint force land component command headquarters, and a joint task force headquarters, Recognizes that the corps headquarters normally requires augmentation with elements from theater-level organizations for selected missions, Discusses when serving as a joint task force or joint force land component command, the corps may require a separate subordinate headquarters to serve as the ARFOR or may need augmentation to serve as both the joint headquarters and the ARFOR, Introduces a staff organization that reflects the warfighting functions discussed in Field Manual (FM) 3-0, Describes the three designated command and control facilities: main command post, tactical command post, and mobile command group, and Describes the ability of the corps headquarters to readily accept joint augmentation from a standing joint force headquarters core element or other joint manning and equipping source. It reflects the hard-earned gains and lessons learned during the conduct of corps operations in Iraq since 2003. The lessons learned continue to reinforce the absolute necessity of the coprs as an operations headquarters. The corps operates in the temporal, physical, and functional realms between the tactical echelons and the strategic theater. It provides the unique capability to orchestrate large, complex operations and synchronize joint, multinational, and interagency actions in a coherent campaign for decisive full spectrum operations. It is through these efforts that tactical actions are linked to accomplish strategic campaign objectives. Recent combat experience validates the enduring truth: the critical component in warfare at all echelons remains the leadership and professionalism of the Soldiers and supporting civilians that comprise the team. Inspired leadership, at the operational level provides the shared vision, purpose, and direction that guide this powerful capabilit

Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (ATTP) 3-34.23, "Engineer Operations - Echelons Above Brigade Combat Team," describes engineer operations at echelons above brigade (EAB) combat team level. It is the engineer doctrinal manual for engineer support to division, corps, and theater army echelons. The manual is an extension of Field Manual (FM) 3-34, and is linked to joint and Army doctrine to ensure its usefulness for operational-level commanders and staff. This manual serves as a guide for the application of engineer combat power and employment of engineer forces in support of full spectrum operations primarily at higher echelons and within a joint framework. ATTP 3-34.23 consolidates doctrine previously published in three separate manuals: FM 5-71-100, FM 5-100-15, and FM 5-116. The consolidated doctrine has been updated and revised to align with revisions to FM 3-34 and other Army and joint doctrine. ATTP 3-34.23 provides operational guidance for engineer commanders and trainers at all higher echelons and forms the foundation for established curriculum within the engineer portions of the Army's education system. Information contained in this manual will assist multinational forces and other Services and branches of the Army to plan and integrate engineer capabilities. This doctrine also will assist Army branch schools in teaching the integration of engineer capabilities into Army and joint operations.

Doctrine provides a military organization with unity of effort and a common philosophy, language, and purpose. This document is the Army's keystone doctrine for fighting and sustaining aviation brigades. This field manual (FM), "Aviation Brigades," is intended for all aviation commanders, staffs, and any United States (U.S.) military personnel expecting to conduct operations with Army aviation units. The operational concepts described in this manual reinforce fundamental principles found in Army doctrine. It provides overarching doctrinal guidance for employing aviation brigades in full spectrum operations and a foundation for developing tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) in other/follow-on Army manuals. FM 3-04.111 expands employment doctrine for aviation units and describes considerations for forming aviation battalion task forces (ABTFs). Chapter 1 focuses on aviation brigade organizations and missions and provides aviation brigade fundamentals for reader consideration. Chapter 2 provides doctrine for organizing operations' command and control (C2) systems. It provides the organization for command post (CP) structure and general guides for roles and functions of CPs and their cells. Chapter 2 also describes duties of brigade leaders and staff. Chapter 3 discusses employment of the aviation brigade, planning considerations, and airground integration. Chapter 4 focuses on the formation and employment of ABTFs. It provides considerations for task organization based on mission and theater, and discussion of aviation task force employment principles. Chapter 5 discusses aviation brigade maintenance and logistics providing insight regarding the need to optimize mission accomplishment while balancing sustainability, mobility, and survivability. This chapter also focuses on the aviation support battalion's (ASB's) mission and function. The appendices provide guidance, procedures and recommendations concerning specific subjects and amplify concepts referred to in the chapters. Appendix A discusses the Army Force Generation Model. Appendix E provides basic aircraft characteristics. This FM applies to aviation forces through all operational themes-peacetime military engagements to major combat operations-and full spectrum operations-offensive, defensive, stability, and civil support. This manual applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. Procedures described herein are intended as a guide and are not to be considered inflexible. Each situation in combat must be resolved by an intelligent interpretation and application of the doctrine set forth herein. Finally, FM 3-04.111 furnishes a foundation for subordinate doctrine, force design, materiel acquisition, professional education, and individual and unit training.

Field manual (FM) 3-04.300, "Airfield and Flight Operations Procedures," is designed to serve as a doctrinal guide focusing on the primary aspects of airfield procedures in full spectrum operations. While it contains guidelines for aviation unit commanders and aviators, the manual is intended primarily for use by airfield operations battalions (AOBs) and installation flight operations personnel. It is applicable to division, corps, Theater Aviation Command (TAC), Theater and Area Sustainment Commands, and the Army aviation community, including members of allied, coalition, and civil support forces. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated. This manual outlines the organization and services of the theater airfield operations groups (TAOGs), AOBs, aviation unit plans and operations staff, and installation airfield management operations. It explains personnel qualifications, duties, and responsibilities; it provides information on airfield design and security and support requirements when planning and operating an airfield within a theater of operations (TO) or during homeland security operations. Installation airfield management structure, responsibilities, services, safety, and National Airspace System (NAS) requirements are presented in part III of this manual. Appendix A details the numerous checklists necessary for adequate airfield assessment and the duties required for airfield opening. Appendix B discusses the characteristics of military aircraft. Appendix C addresses Army and Air Force airfield planning. Appendix D discusses letters and facility memorandums. Appendix E discusses emergency plans and procedures.

For purposes of this manual, "General Supply in Theaters of Operations," general supplies are supplies which have been grouped together based on their storage and distribution requirements rather than their end use. General supplies include the following: subsistence (Class I), Clothing and organizational equipment (Class II), Packaged petroleum and industrial gases (Class III), Construction materials (Class IV), Health and comfort items (Class VI), End items listed in SB 700-20 and included in authorization documents (Class VII), Repair parts (Class IX), Standard maps and map products, and nonmilitary items (Class X). Included in this manual are descriptions of the threat to CSS operations, including regional threats and potential threats to weapons systems, and a listing of general supply classes and their subclasses; construction and fortification materials are also included. This manual is one of a series that provides guidance on how supply systems support forces in a theater of operations. This manual is a guide for meeting the Class II, III packaged, IV, VI, VII, IX, and X supply requirements of supported units. It is for commodity and inventory managers, logistics staff officers from S4 to G4 and their assistants, and instructors in supply areas. This manual can help logisticians improve general supply support immediately before and after hostilities start, provide logistics staff members at all organizational levels with a reference manual that can help them plan, manage, and sustain general supply support for theater operations, and describe the requisition and flow of general supplies from the time they are requested or requisitioned until they are issued to the requesting or supporting unit.

This publication, "Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Health Service Support in a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environment" establishes doctrinal multi-Service tactics, techniques, and procedures (MTTP) for health service support (HSS) units operating in a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) and/or toxic industrial material (TIM) environment. It is the intent of this document to inform the combatant commanders (CCDRs), joint force commanders (JFCs), joint force medical commanders and medical planners, and component commanders and their staffs on the tools available to provide the best quality of HSS in a CBRN environment to enhance mission success.

Field Manual (FM) 3-09 is the Army's keystone doctrine for fire support. This manual is a guide to action for the employment of fire support in decisive action as a part of unified land operations. The foundation of unified land operations is built on initiative, decisive action, and mission command-linked and nested through purposeful and simultaneous execution of both combined arms maneuver and wide area security-to achieve the commander's intent and desired end state (Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 3-0). The challenges of future armed conflict make it imperative for the Army to produce leaders and forces that exhibit a high degree of operational adaptability. Achieving the necessary level of operational adaptability requires the Army to build upon a foundation of two broad responsibilities within the framework of fullspectrum operations-Army forces conduct combined arms maneuver (CAM) to gain physical, temporal, and psychological advantages over enemy organizations. Applying an expanded understanding of combined arms, Army forces integrate the combat power resident in the Army's six warfighting functions with a wide array of related civil and military capabilities to defeat enemies and seize, retain, and exploit the initiative; and Army forces conduct wide area security (WAS) to consolidate gains, stabilize environments, and ensure freedom of movement and action. This publication identifies the principles of fire support, describes the fires warfighting function in terms of its major components, functions, and required products and describes how fire support is employed in terms of the operations process. The scope of this publication is broad in its focus in order to deal with the fire support structure as a complete entity. It gives equal treatment to the diverse assets that are designated as fire support resources. The successful employment of fire support depends on the synchronization of all forms of fire support with all warfighting functions. This fire support keystone doctrinal manual should be used by commanders and staff who must employ fire support within their operations. Fire support is provided by mortars, cannon field artillery, rockets, missiles, naval surface fire support (NSFS), non-Army attack helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, and unmanned aircraft systems. Fire support may be enhanced by those systems that enable the conduct of electronic attack. This publication describes the field artillery as the principal means of fire support available to the commander, and charges the field artillery to integrate, coordinate and synchronize all available fire support with the commander's concept of operations. This is the ultimate challenge of fire support. This FM helps commanders and their fire support staff officers and fires unit commanders meet this challenge by providing a clear and concise picture of fire support and why it must work as a unified system.

Field manual (FM) 3-04.120 serves as a doctrinal guide primarily intended for the Theater Airfield Operations Group (TAOG), Airfield Operations Battalion (AOB), and air traffic services (ATS) company commanders, subordinate leaders, and assigned personnel. It is applicable for use by the division, corps, Theater Aviation Command (TAC), Theater Support Command (TSC), as well as the Army aviation community including members of allied, coalition, special operations, and civil support forces requiring air traffic and airfield management support. It also assists Army branch schools and joint military services in teaching Army ATS operations. Army transformation and future force development of ATS will enable the tailoring of ATS capabilities as well as embedding an airfield management capability at theater airfields. This manual describes structure, mission, employment and sustainment of ATS units supporting major combat, stability and civil support operations. It establishes responsibilities and duties of key personnel and discusses planning considerations required for training, operations, and combat. FM 3-04.120 is authoritative and prescriptive but is not inflexible. Situations in combat are resolved by the intelligent interpretation and application of this doctrine. Standardized ATS operations at division and theater level are necessary for the success of modularity, readiness, and effective maneuver support operations. This FM applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, the United States Army Reserve, and the Army civilian employees of the transformation force unless otherwise stated. FM 3-04.120 builds on collective knowledge and experience gained through recent operations, exercises, and the deliberate process of informed reasoning. Its principles and fundamentals address new technologies and evolving responses to diverse threats. It will also assist Army branch schools in teaching ATS operations.

This manual tells and shows how to prepare and rig the Dragon and Javelin antitank/assault missiles for low- velocity airdrop from C-130 or C-17 aircraft. This manual is designed for all parachute riggers.

"Desert Operations" (FM 90-3/FMFM 7-27) is the Army's and Marine Corps' manual for desert operations. It is a key reference for commanders and staffs regarding how the desert affects personnel, equipment, and operations. It will assist them in planning and conducting combat operations in desert environments. Arid regions make up about one-third of the earth's land surface, a higher percentage than that of any other type of climate. As we have seen in the recent past, some of these regions-because of diverse and conflicting cultures, strategic importance, and natural resources-have become centers of conflict. Desert operations demand adaptation to the environment and to the limitations imposed by terrain and climate. Success depends on an appreciation of the effects of arid conditions on soldiers (both physically and psychologically), on equipment and facilities, and on combat and support operations. Leaders and Soldiers must continually evaluate the situation and be ready to react to changing conditions. The key to success in desert operations is mobility. This was clearly evident in the ground operations of Desert Storm. Arid regions create both opportunities and restraints for soldiers and marines at all levels. The US military's performance in Desert Storm shows it understands these factors and has successfully addressed the effects of desert warfare on troops, equipment, and operations. As they prepare for the future, leaders, soldiers, and marines must study past campaigns and use the lessons they learn to reduce casualties, use the environment to their advantage, and ensure victory on the desert battlefield.

Field manual (FM) 3-09, "Field Artillery Operations and Fire Support," provides tactics for field artillery operations and fire support in unified land operations. This publication is intended to provide guidance for brigade, division, and corps for the employment of field artillery, and for the planning, preparation, execution, and assessment of fire support. Higher echelon planners may use it to assist in establishing fire support requirements. The manual begins by describing the capabilities of the field artillery, how it is organized, and how field artillery supports the maneuver commander through the integration of all forms of fires. This publication also provides a comprehensive discussion of fire support. This includes topics such as the role of fire support in Unified Land Operations, fire support coordination organizations and key personnel, target acquisition for fire support, and fire support attack resources. This publication also provides information on fire support in the operations process: fire support planning, preparation, execution, and assessment.

The United States Army Engineer School developed this publication with the joint participation of the approving Service commands. The test procedures and terminology used in this manual conform to the latest methods and specifications of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the American Concrete Institute, and the Portland Cement Association. The ASTM source publications are not required for testing specified in this document as the procedure is fully explained for military personnel use. This manual, "Theater of Operations: Roads, Airfields, and Heliports - Airfield and Heliport Design," (TM 3-34.48-2 / formerly FM 5-430-00-2) is adopted for use by United States Navy and United States Air Force personnel. Certain tests and procedures prescribed differ in principle or method and are more detailed than counterpart tests that are currently required by the United States Navy for new construction at Navy installations (including those in forward areas). The tests in this manual also apply to arctic construction. However, cold-weather effects present different problems and additional tests will be required for correct evaluation of the materials.

This volume is one in a continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies- Area Handbook program sponsored by the department of the Army.

This field manual (FM), "The Medical Company Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures" (FM 4-02.6), provides information on the employment, functions, and operations of divisional and nondivisional medical companies of Army of Excellence (AOE) and Army XXI divisions to include separate brigades, the Stryker brigade combat team (SBCT), and the armored cavalry regiment. It is intended to serve as doctrine and a primary reference publication for medical planners and the medical commander and his staff.

This field manual (FM), "Divisional Air and Missile Defense Sentinel Platoon Operations (FM 3-01.48)," describes the organization and employment of the digitized air and missile defense (AMD) Sentinel platoon, sections, and teams. The term Sentinel incorporates the C2 node, radar, and associated equipment. C2 and C3 are interchangeable. This FM is to be used by the AMD Sentinel platoon leader and soldiers organic to Heavy and Light Divisional AMD battalions and AMD batteries supporting those respective Heavy and Light Divisions, Light/Heavy ACRs, and Separate Brigades.

This volume is one in a continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Handbook Program sponsored by the Department of the Army.

Doctrine provides a military organization with unity of effort and a common philosophy, language, and purpose. This field manual (FM) provides doctrine for the tactical employment and operations of the maneuver enhancement brigade (MEB). FM 3-90.31 is intended to facilitate the operations and training requirements of the MEB as they organize, prepare for, and conduct operations. This initial FM will evolve after lessons learned from training and operational experiences are incorporated into future Army doctrine. This FM provides doctrinal guidance for commanders, staffs, and subordinate leaders to plan, prepare, execute, and assess MEB operations. The other intended audience for this publication is those leaders and staff sections within units that will employ an MEB or may operate under the command and control (C2) of the MEB. This publication should also be used to guide joint, interagency, and multinational higher headquarters commanders and staff on the employment of the MEB.

Guard duty is a fundamental task performed by all Soldiers and leaders in order to protect the force. Simple and effective procedures that are known, understood and practiced by all personnel are vital to the execution of guard duty. This manual outlines the procedures that are requisite in the performance of guard duty. "Guard Duty" (TC 3-22.6/FM22-6) provides all Soldiers the doctrinal basis for the detailing, and performance of guard duty. For the purpose of this publication, the term guardhouse refers to any building or area in which the guard will be housed when not physically at a guard post. This manual is for personnel concerned with the organization and functions of interior and exterior guard. It includes orders, countersigns, parole words, and the responsibility of the main guard including duties of personnel and the formal method of mounting the guard. The manual also discusses the duties and composition of special guards.

"Foot Marches," (ATP 3-21.18/FM 21-18) provides doctrinal framework and techniques for conducting foot marches. It describes foot march mission, characteristics, and types of foot marches; foot march planning, preparations, execution, and assessment; duties and responsibilities; discipline hygiene, and safety. This publication provides doctrinal guidance; organizational roles and functions; capabilities, limitations; and responsibilities for planning, preparation, execution, and accessing foot marches. This publication addresses significant changes in Army doctrinal terminology, concepts, constructs and proven tactics, techniques, and procedures developed during recent operations.

"Stinger Team Operations" (FM 44-18-1), provides guidance for the Stinger team in support of air defense operations. It is also written to support the training of individuals to function as members of a Stinger team. When skilled individuals are molded into efficient, smooth-functioning teams, their capability to accomplish assigned missions is greatly increased. The effectiveness of Stinger varies directly with the individual skills of each team member and the collective proficiency of each team. The key to both is training. This manual focuses on the techniques and procedures used by the Stinger team to engage and destroy hostile targets.

Training Circular (TC) 3-09.81, "Field Artillery Manual Cannon Gunnery," sets forth the doctrine pertaining to the employment of artillery fires. It explains all aspects of the manual cannon gunnery problem and presents a practical application of the science of ballistics. It includes step-by-step instructions for manually solving the gunnery problem which can be applied within the framework of decisive action or unified land operations. It is applicable to any Army personnel at the battalion or battery responsible to delivered field artillery fires. The principal audience for ATP 3-09.42 is all members of the Profession of Arms. This includes field artillery Soldiers and combined arms chain of command field and company grade officers, middle-grade and senior noncommissioned officers (NCO), and battalion and squadron command groups and staffs. This manual also provides guidance for division and corps leaders and staffs in training for and employment of the BCT in decisive action. This publication may also be used by other Army organizations to assist in their planning for support of battalions. This manual builds on the collective knowledge and experience gained through recent operations, numerous exercises, and the deliberate process of informed reasoning. It is rooted in time-tested principles and fundamentals, while accommodating new technologies and diverse threats to national security.