Bøger i Trends in Logic serien

This book is the first to present a comprehensive investigation of the technical features of the metainferential logics developed in the last years, with their most relevant results and applications. It provides some new paths to define and investigate metainferential logics and offers a thorough study of the semantics and the proof-theories of this new and exciting variety of families of logics.This volume examines the hierarchies of metainferential logics and gives a general and systematic theory of them, and of the truth theories based on these logics. This book puts forward the prospects for truth-theories based on the metainferential logics of the TS/ST hierarchy and argues for its promise noting that each of these logics can be safely expanded with a transparent truth predicate. It also goes onto to explore new developments in three fields related to logics ¿ namely metainferential logics built by means of the Weak Kleene schema and combining them with logics defined through the Strong Kleene schema, proof-theoretic presentations, and those with a with a global or an absolutely global validity standard, instead of a local one. This book is of interest to scholars in formal logic.

The aim of the present book is to give a comprehensive account of the 'state of the art' of substructural logics, focusing both on their proof theory (especially on sequent calculi and their generalizations) and on their semantics (both algebraic and relational.

Goedel's modal ontological argument is the centerpiece of an extensive examination of intensional logic. Then modal machinery is added to produce a modified version of Montague/Gallin intensional logic. Finally, various ontological proofs for the existence of God are discussed informally, and the Goedel argument is fully formalized.

The approach to probability theory followed in this book (which differs radically from the usual one, based on a measure-theoretic framework) characterizes probability as a linear operator rather than as a measure, and is based on the concept of coherence, which can be framed in the most general view of conditional probability.

'A Geometry of Approximation' addresses Rough Set Theory, a field of interdisciplinary research first proposed by Zdzislaw Pawlak in 1982, and focuses mainly on its logic-algebraic interpretation.

"Is quantum logic really logic?" The most radical aspect of quantum reasoning is reflected in unsharp quantum logics, a special heterodox branch of fuzzy thinking. from its beginnings to the most recent logical investigations of various types of quantum phenomena, including quantum computation.

This book is an example of fruitful interaction between (non-classical) propo sitionallogics and (classical) model theory which was made possible due to categorical logic.

Proof theory and category theory were first drawn together by Lambek some 30 years ago but, until now, the most fundamental notions of category theory (as opposed to their embodiments in logic) have not been explained systematically in terms of proof theory.

Fuzzy logic in narrow sense is a promising new chapter of formal logic whose basic ideas were formulated by Lotfi Zadeh (see Zadeh [1975]a). By contrast, fuzzy logical deductive machinery is devised to produce a fuzzy set of formulas (the theorems) from a fuzzy set of formulas (the hypotheses).

States and proves various theorems of many-valued propositional logic. This text provides developments and trends, including applications to adaptive error-correcting binary search. It contains material, such as a simple proof of completeness theorem and of the equivalence between Chang's MV algebras and Abelian lattice-ordered groups with unit.

Here is an account of recent investigations into the two main concepts of negation developed in the constructive logic: the negation as reduction to absurdity, and the strong negation. These concepts are studied in the setting of paraconsistent logic.

Modal Logics The ?rst bundle of papers in this volume contains contribution to modal logic.

Papers of a Conference held in Bonn, November 10-13, 2000

This book discusses the theory of triangular norms and surveys several applied fields in which triangular norms play a significant part: probabilistic metric spaces, aggregation operators, many-valued logics, fuzzy logics, sets and control, and non-additive measures together with their corresponding integrals.

In 1953, exactly 50 years ago to this day, the first volume of Studia Logica appeared under the auspices of The Philosophical Committee of The Polish Academy of Sciences. Now, five decades later the present volume is dedicated to a celebration of this 50th Anniversary of Studia Logica.

The notion of complexity is an important contribution of logic to theoretical computer science and mathematics. This volume investigates mathematical properties of complexity hierarchies, and also discusses algorithms and computational properties. It is of interest to both mathematical logicians and theoretical computer scientists.

This book is about proof theory for (the main systems of) modal logic. It is the first book to give a uniform and exhaustive presentation of both types of sequent calculus for modal logic, the purely syntactic sequent calculi as well as the semantic ones.

Providing a reference for researchers and students, this volume presents the fundamental concepts of dual tableaux, and a wide scope of applications. These include logic methods used in mathematics and philosophy, as well as applied theories of computational logic.

Modal Logics The ?rst bundle of papers in this volume contains contribution to modal logic.

Papers of a Conference held in Bonn, November 10-13, 2000

This volume covers recent developments in Lukasiewicz Logic and their algebras (Chang MV-algebras), with particular reference to (de Finetti) coherent evaluation of continuously valued events, (Renyi) conditionals, and related algorithms.

Here is an account of recent investigations into the two main concepts of negation developed in the constructive logic: the negation as reduction to absurdity, and the strong negation. These concepts are studied in the setting of paraconsistent logic.

Kawalec's monograph is a novel defence of the programme of inductive logic, developed initially by Rudolf Carnap in the 1950s and Jaakko Hintikka in the 1960s. The main strength of the work is its link between inductive logic and contemporary discussions of epistemology.

The aim of the present book is to give a comprehensive account of the 'state of the art' of substructural logics, focusing both on their proof theory (especially on sequent calculi and their generalizations) and on their semantics (both algebraic and relational.

Proof theory and category theory were first drawn together by Lambek some 30 years ago but, until now, the most fundamental notions of category theory (as opposed to their embodiments in logic) have not been explained systematically in terms of proof theory.

This book discusses the theory of triangular norms and surveys several applied fields in which triangular norms play a significant part: probabilistic metric spaces, aggregation operators, many-valued logics, fuzzy logics, sets and control, and non-additive measures together with their corresponding integrals.

"Is quantum logic really logic?" The most radical aspect of quantum reasoning is reflected in unsharp quantum logics, a special heterodox branch of fuzzy thinking. from its beginnings to the most recent logical investigations of various types of quantum phenomena, including quantum computation.

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This volume presents recent advances in philosophical logic with chapters focusing on non-classical logics, including paraconsistent logics, substructural logics, modal logics of agency and other modal logics.