Bøger i Transforming War serien

The essence of war is a competitive reciprocal relationship with an adversary. Leaders must recognize shortfalls and resolve gaps rapidly in the middle of the fog of war. The side that reacts best increases its chances of winning. Mars Adapting examines what makes some military organisations better at this contest than others.

Provides a comprehensive guide to cybersecurity and cyberwar policy and strategy, developed for a one- or two-semester class for students of public policy (including political science, law, business, etc). Although written from a US perspective, its contents are globally relevant.

The Other Space Race is a unique look at the early U.S. space program and how it both shaped and was shaped by politics during the Cold War. Eisenhowers New Look expanded the role of the Air Force in national security, and ultimately allowed ambitious aerospace projects, namely the Dyna-Soar, a bomber equipped with nuclear weapons that would operate in space. Eisenhowers space policy was purely practical, creating a strong deterrent against the use of nuclear arms against the United States.With the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, the political climate changed, and space travel became part of the United States national discourse. Sambaluk explores what followed, including the scuttling of the Dyna-Soar program and the transition from Eisenhowers space policy to John Kennedys. This well-argued, well-researched book gives much needed perspective on the Cold Wars influence on space travel and its relation to the formation of public policy.

"Rise of the Mavericks traces the beginnings and subsequent development of the U.S. Air Force Security Service. Established in 1948 as part of the emerging U.S. national security apparatus, this communications intelligence organization was meant to place the fledgling U.S. Air Force on a competitive footing with its Army and Navy counterparts. As World War II ended and the Cold War began, Air Force leaders understood that an effective cryptologic capability would be crucial for maintaining and enhancing the Air Force as a strategic and decisive component of America's national defense. Successfully deploying air-atomic strategy in the event of a future war would require reliable information on the capabilities, intentions-and potential targets-of an opposing force, in particular the Soviet Union. Communications intelligence would be a critical source of this information, and Air Force leaders were adamant that their service not remain dependent on other service structures for this capability. The Air Force Security Service rose to the occasion, quickly establishing itself as one of the preeminent communications intelligence agencies in the United States. Rise of the Mavericks fills the gap in the military and intelligence history literature and further complicates the literature surrounding the history of the NSA, which too often ignores or hastily addresses the contributions and role of the service COMINT agencies during the early Cold War period. The book explains how Air Force Security Service personnel were viewed as mavericks by other U.S. military and government organizations. The airmen lived up to this characterization by creating and developing an independent communications intelligence capability while persistently resisting the controlling efforts of the Armed Forces Security Agency and the National Security Agency. "--

As Clausewitz observed, "In war more than anywhere else, things do not turn out as we expect." The essence of war is a competitive reciprocal relationship with an adversary. Commanders and institutional leaders must recognize shortfalls and resolve gaps rapidly in the middle of the fog of war. The side that reacts best (and absorbs faster) increases its chances of winning. Mars Adapting examines what makes some military organizations better at this contest than others. It explores the institutional characteristics or attributes at play in learning quickly. Adaptation requires a dynamic process of acquiring knowledge, the utilization of that knowledge to alter a unit's skills, and the sharing of that learning to other units to integrate and institutionalize better operational practice.Mars Adapting explores the internal institutional factors that promote and enable military adaptation. It employs four cases, drawing upon one from each of the U.S. armed services. Each case was an extensive campaign, with several cycles of action/counteraction. In each case the military institution entered the war with an existing mental model of the war they expected to fight. For example, the U.S. Navy prepared for decades to defeat the Japanese Imperial Navy and had developed carried-based aviation. Other capabilities, particularly the Fleet submarine, were applied as a major adaptation. The author establishes a theory called Organizational Learning Capacity that captures the transition of experience and knowledge from individuals into larger and higher levels of each military service through four major steps. The learning/change cycle is influenced, he argues, by four institutional attributes (leadership, organizational culture, learning mechanisms, and dissemination mechanisms). The dynamic interplay of these institutional enablers shaped their ability to perceive and change appropriately.

How does one engage in the study of strategy? Strategy: The Study of Strategy from Archidamus to Airpower, argues that strategy is not just concerned with amassing knowledge; it is also about recognizing our imperfect understanding of the environment, and respecting the complex nature of adaptation to the unforeseen or unexpected. In essence, the strongest strategists are those who commit to an education that cultivates a more holistic and adaptive way of thinking.With that thought in mind, the authors of Strategy offer ways of thinking strategically about a variety of subject matters, from classical history to cyber power. Each contributing chapter author is a current or former professor at the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies in Montgomery, AL, widely considered the DoDs premier school of strategy. Each earned a PhD in either history or political science. All contributors are prolific and widely respected in their fields. Practitioners in the profession of arms, perhaps more than anyone else, must think strategically about the application of power on land, at sea, and in the air, space and cyberspace. In addition to the exploration of various sub-disciplines regarding strategys role in the employment of power, and perhaps more importantly, Strategy illuminates different approaches to thinking about strategy, which have implications beyond the profession of arms. Therefore, the authors examine the learning and teaching of strategic concepts. The book does not provide a blueprint for how to teach or learn strategy (in fact, the authors contend that such a blueprint would be short-sighted and perhaps even dangerous). On the contrary, the work explores how one should think about the study of strategy through an appreciation of both context and uncertainty.Thus, the book not only contributes to a greater understanding of the strategic aspects of the employment of power, but also widens the aperture in recognizing different ways to explore new concepts. The authors contend that only through a willingness to explore different approaches do budding strategists make the most of their journey.

It isconvenientto think that bad guys are drumming up money for their activities far away and in shady back alleys, but the violent non-state actors (VNSAs) of the world arehiding in plain sight. They peddleknockoff sneakers, pass the hat at ethnic festivals, takea cut of untaxed booze sales,swindlesenior citizens with bogus phone calls about needing bail in Mexico,and run money through mainstream banksto buyup rental properties (just to name a few). On a grand scale, their behavior erodes rule of law, creates moral injuries from corruption,and emboldens bad actors to steal and back violent tactics with impunity.Blood Money analyzesthe ways in which VNSAs find money for their operations and sustainment, from controlling a valuable commodity to harnessing the grievances of a networked diaspora, andit looks atthe channels through which they can flip the positives of globalization into flat, fast, andfrictionlessmovement of people, funds,and materials needed to terrorize and coerce their opponents.AuthorMargaret Sankey highlightsthe mundane and everyday nature of these tactics, occurring under our noses online, in legitimate marketplaces,and with the aegis of intelligence services and national governments. While reforms attempt to curtail these options, their utility andefficacyas tools of financehave provedinadequateforsovereignstates.VNSAsdefiance of rulesand their capable adaptation and innovationmake them extremely difficult to pin down or prosecute. Manysecurity publications stress legislation and enforcement or frame illicit finance as a military or police problem. WithBlood Money,Sankey pointsoutthemanyways VNSAs evade lawenforcement,andsheoffers options for involving consumers and activists in exercising agency and choicesin how they apply their money and where it goes.Blood Moneyalsoprovidescontext for whole-of-government approaches to attacking underlying supports for illicit financing channels.How these groups finance themselves is key to understanding how they function and what actions might be taken toderail their plans or dismantle their structure.

"Although the United States won the race to the moon, the Soviets were far more active in space than Americans during the decade that followed. By the 1980s, some space experts feared the United States was in danger of being surpassed in space, including dual-use systems that might be employed offensively in a military confrontation. A few experts, looking ahead, recommended a space force within roughly two decades. Standing up Space Force is organized chronologically by presidential administration, beginning in the middle of the Clinton years and progressing through the Trump administration. During the Clinton and George W. Bush years, the move to national security space was incremental. The Obama presidency witnessed the rise of New Space entrepreneurs whose impressive space activities facilitated their initial partnering with U.S. government National Security Space (NSS) missions helping the United States keep pace with China and Russia. During the Trump administration, all necessary elements finally came together - most significantly, presidential-congressional leadership and bipartisan support - to eventually produce the fiscal 2020 national defense authorization act (NDAA). Because the NDAA authorized and provided for the Space Force, when the President signed the defense bill on 20 December 2019, at the same moment he officially established the nation's sixth armed service"--

"This manuscript addresses a major aspect of 21st century sea power; analyzing the integration of women into the operating forces of the United States Navy. It delineates the cultural, economic, political conditions and technological changes that shaped the integration of women into the Navy over the course of a century. It also draws extensively upon the archives of the Naval Institute's professional journal Proceedings"--

How does one engage in the study of strategy? Strategy: Context and Adaptation from Archidamus to Airpower argues that strategy is not just concerned with amassing knowledge; it is also about recognizing our imperfect understanding of the environment and respecting the complex nature of adaptation to the unforeseen or unexpected. In essence, the strongest strategists are those who commit to an education that cultivates a more holistic and adaptive way of thinking. With that thought in mind, the contributors to Strategy, each a current or former professor at the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, widely considered the Department of Defense's premier school of strategy, offer ways of thinking strategically about a variety of subject matters, from classical history to cyber power. Practitioners in the profession of arms, perhaps more than any other profession, must employ critical thinking where the application of power on land, at sea, in the air, and in space and cyberspace are concerned. Strategy examines various sub-disciplines regarding the use of power, and illuminates different approaches to thinking which have implications beyond the implementation of force.