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Contents: (I) Ancient Theories of Visual Perception: The Physics of Vision; The Physiology of Vision; The Psychology of Visual Perception; (II) Optics Proper: Analysis of Direct Vision: The Visual Cone; The Visual Perception of Physical Space; Binocular Vision; (III) Catoptrics: Analysis of Vision by Reflected Rays: The Law of Equal Angles; Multiple Reflections and Multiple Images; The Principles of Image-Location; Image-Formation and Distortion; Visual Effecs from Composite Mirrors; (IV) Dioptrics: Analysis of Vision by Deflected Rays: Observation and Explanation of the Phenomenon; Practical Application: The Problem of Atmospheric Refraction; Image-Location as a Function of the Shape of the Refracting Surface; Size-Distortion; (V) Analysis of the Rainbow and of Burning Mirrors; (VI) Conclusion. Illus.

This is a print on demand Publication. This is a reprint, this is not an original. Contents: Introduction; Ptolemy: A Biographical Sketch; The "Optics": A Biographical Sketch; An Overview of the "Optics"; The Historical Influence of the "Optics"; English Translation; & Bibliography. The English translation of this text is based upon Albert Lejeune's critical Latin text of 1956, which was reprinted in the 1990s along with a French translation & supplementary annotations. Illus.

The first great discovery in underwater archaeology yielded not only a fine collection of art treasures but also the most enigmatic, most complicated piece of scientific machinery known from antiquity. This artifact is now identified as an astronomical or calendrical calculating device involving a very sophisticated arrangement of more than thirty gear-wheels.

Interpretations of heavenly phenomena as signs of the future was a Mesopotamian tradition of great antiquity. The practice of Babylonian celestial divination, spanning a period from ca. 1800 B.C. to Hellenistic times, is known in the form of celestial omens portending the life of the king and the stability of the state. Emerging for the first time in the fifth century B.C., horoscopes reflect the application of the ideal and practice of celestial divination to the life of the individual. This is the first complete edition of the extant cuneiform horoscopes--with transcription and philological and astronomical commentary. It is the first study to offer a systematic description of the documents as a definable class of Babylonian astronomical/astrological texts.

Driving human reason too far in the analysis of deep problems often leads to irresolvable inconsistencies and contradictions. This monograph traces the origins and development of the paradoxes of free will. Free will poses one of the oldest and most vexacious philosophical problems, dating back to the beginnings of moral philosophy in ancient Greece. Pure theoretical reason implies that our actions are determined, while practical theoretical reason tells us that our will is free. Gunther Stent examines the arguments of moral responsibility versus determinism from Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle to Immanuel Kant, Neils Bohr, and Max Planck.

A history of the ferrotype or tintype in Amer. photography, from its origin in the 1850s until 1880. Schimmelman, Prof. of Art History, presents a history of the technological development of the tintype & its manufacture, & touches upon a number of issues relating to the cultural & social aspects of the tintype. She lays an interesting groundwork for thinking about the class dimensions of Victorian aesthetics & about the political economy of taste. The heart of the book is the extended accounts of the improvements in the presentation of the images & of the inventors & businessmen who made the improvements & advanced their careers in the business. Raises important issues in art history & the history of photography. Includes over 200 reproductions of actual tintypes.