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Alexander examines the history of the labor movement in Brazil during its two key phases. First, he looks at the origins and early development of the movement from the last decades of the 19th century until the Revolution of 1930. Then he analyzes the impact of the corporate state structure that President Getulio Vargas imposed on labor during his first tenure in power, and the continuation of that structure during most of the remainder of the century.Until 1930, the trajectory of the labor movement in Brazil was quite similar to what was happening in most of the rest of Latin America. Most of the early labor organizations were mutual-benefit societies rather than trade unions. This began to change in the early 1900s. From the onset, organized labor in Brazil was involved with politics, and organized labor had to deal not only with the opposition of employers, but also with that of successive conservative governments. All this changed with the ascent of Vargas to power in 1930. He sought to win the support of the urban working class, and with the coming of the New State in 1937, the government was deeply involved in the direction of union activities. After 1945, Brazilian labor was once more influenced by a variety of different political currents, and by the 1960s the labor movement began to extend into the rural sector of the economy. The Constitution of 1988 allowed workers to organize without government control and they won the right to strike. By 1990 the Brazilian labor movement had attained the structure and characteristics it would retain into the new century. A major resource for scholars, students, and other researchers involved with Brazilian labor, economic, and political affairs.

Trying to identify abbreviated titles of journals and standard bibliographic works is a major difficulty facing researchers and librarians in the field of Classical Studies. This revised edition has been greatly expanded, with nearly twice the abbreviations (17,000) and bibliographic entries (12,400) as the first edition. Also, the Greek and Cyrillic abbreviations have increased by seven and four fold respectively. Abbreviations for internet sites are now included, as are those for associations in the broad area of Classical Studies. There are also more entries for Eastern European and regional archaeological publications.This revised volume is divided into two parts. Part One consists of an alphabetical listing of bibliographic abbreviations found in the scholarship of classical studies and related disciplines. Meanwhile, Part Two is an alphabetically arranged bibliographic descriptions for the works published in classical studies and related disciplines. Special efforts were made to increase the coverage in peripheral areas, making this new edition a useful reference tool for scholars in all subjects of study in the ancient and medieval world.

Despite roughly thirty years of experience with growth management programs, which are basically land-use planning tools, most U.S. communities do not plan for how best to limit or manage rapid growth;

The benefits of lifelong fitness activity are enormous, but the United States seems to be experiencing a decline in health-related fitness levels. The information presented here will be especially suited to undergraduates in physical education methods classes or those with limited teaching experience, for planning, organizing, and sequencing activities. It also provides the novice teacher with a starting point to effectively teach lifetime sports and fitness activities. For more experienced teachers, the book will serve as a guide for teaching lifetime sports, and more importantly, assist them in focusing their efforts on sound teaching principles based on current research.Focusing on activities in which a person can participate over the course of a lifetime, this book can make a major contribution to the development of health-related components of physical fitness through sport. The book will assist teachers in meeting the letter and intent of the National Association for Sport and Physical Education's Content Standards in Physical Education. These standards promote the development of a physically educated person, who is defined as one who has learned skills necessary to perform a variety of physical activities, is physically fit, participates regularly in physical activity, knows the implications of and the benefits from involvement in physical activities, and values physical activity and its contribution to a healthful lifestyle.

Do science and technology create value for society and the economy, and how might one go about measuring it? How do we evaluate its benefits? Can we even be certain that there are benefits? Geisler argues that there are benefits, and that they outweigh in value the negative impacts that inevitably accompany them. His revolutionary new book goes on to show that they can also be measured and evaluated, and in one volume all of the existing knowledge on how to do it is complied--then Geisler's own methods are offered. The result is a compelling argument that the value of science and technology in our lives has indeed been positive, and that the economic well-being of all individuals, organizations, and nations rests upon them.Geisler starts off by describing his conceptual framework for the evaluation of science and technology and the impact and benefits that proceed from them. He discusses the nature of evaluation in general terms, and then in the specific context of science, technology, and innovation together. He reviews the state of our present knowledge and assesses the nature of value creation itself. Throughout, Geisler remains fixed on his driving thesis: Although there are certainly some negative impacts from science and technology, on the whole the results of its outputs are positive. He shows how they have contributed to a range of activities and institutions, particularly to the improvement of health and human welfare worldwide. Finally, after discussing the theories of evaluation, he gets down to the practice, providing readers with a way to assess science and technological innovations for themselves.

Most contemporary accounts of the role of technology in world culture are alarmist and, at times, condemn many uses of technology without much effort to get beyond the surface of this worldwide phenomenon. Technological innovations that might rightly be critiqued are taken as representative of the entire field of technology. On the other hand, there are those, including some scientists, for whom technology and its uses pose no questions at all and who seem to delight in predictions of a future totally dominated by technology. They prey on the human delight in newness and innovation and on our readiness to be surprised by what may someday come to be. Gotz takes the position that so-called technology problems are really our problems, not the fault of technology.Technology is an integral part of what we are as human beings, a significant aspect of our evolution. Gotz also advances the thesis that technology may be viewed from the perspective of the human capacity to grow, and that when we do so, we are, in effect, spiritualizing technology and rendering it more meaningful to ourselves. Gotz suggests several models that may be employed to achieve this spiritualization. This provocative analysis will be of interest to general readers as well as scholars, students, and researchers concerned with contemporary social and religious issues.

Inder Singh examines why international organizations including the UN, OSCE, and Council of Europe advocated democratic governance, based on the rule of law and respect for human and minority rights, as the method by which states should try to accommodate their ethnically mixed populations. She discusses how realistic this advice has been, given the tension between the principle of the sovereignty of states and their international obligations, and the extent to which democratization had made for ethnic and political stability in post-communist Europe.Inder Singh demonstrates that this advocacy of democracy to handle ethnic diversity questions the perception of nationalism as a cause of war and disorder. This pathbreaking study will be of appeal to academics and policy makers interested in how the management of ethnic diversity through democracy can enhance domestic and international security.

Attorneys must develop many skills in order to benefit fully from their collaborations with forensic document examiners in cases involving questioned documents. This comprehensive guide for attorneys provides a thorough grounding in how to prepare for court and deposition testimony. It also explains how to select appropriate comparison documents for forensic document examiners, the basic principles of handwriting identification (the knowledge of which enables lawyers to challenge incorrect statements), and what document examiners can and cannot determine based on the evidence.When the authenticity of a document is in question in the courtroom, forensic document examiners are brought in to determine such things as whether a signature has been forged, whether the document has been altered, and whether it is all things it purports to be. The examination of suspect documents generally involves comparison with examples of known genuine writing. Attorneys need to know how to select appropriate comparison documents for forensic document examiners. This is but one of the many skills that attorneys must develop in order to benefit fully from their collaborations with forensic document examiners, and it is explained here in detail. So, too, are the basic principles of handwriting identification, the knowledge of which enables lawyers to challenge incorrect statements. This comprehensive and thorough guide for attorneys also explains what document examiners can and cannot determine based on the evidence, and it provides a thorough grounding in how to prepare for court and deposition testimony.Among the many unique features of this attorney's guide is an extensive list of questions for lawyers to ask their own, and their opponent's, expert witnesses before going to trial. The deposition of a forensic document examiner includes questions relating to the examiner's experience, working methodology, background and education, knowledge base, certifications, achievements, and many other items relating to the examiner's abilities. Next, an extensive set of questions helps lawyers ask for the right information pertaining to the examiner's specific methods of preparation for the case at hand. After the deposition is taken, the expert must be qualified in court; this book includes 60 qualifying questions. After qualification, it is time to move on to questions about document examination and the case being litigated. Finally, new questions pertaining specifically to the cross-examination of document examiners are presented, once again relating to credentials and a given case. This valuable resource concludes with a chapter describing the relevance of various court citations involving handwriting. Appendices are devoted to suggested reading; a resource list of experts related to the field, including photographers, librarians, and appraisers; organizations; and a glossary of technical terms.

First president of his generation. Second president to be impeached. Bill Clinton led the nation during eight years of unprecedented economic prosperity and peace, creating millions of new jobs, swapping deficit for surplus, and advancing his agenda of social programs. Yet he was riddled with scandal. This encyclopedia of more than 230 alphabetical entries covers all the major events, issues, and personalities of the Clinton administration, including full treatments of his impeachment, Whitewater, Travelgate, Monica, key members of his administration, Congressional opponents, foreign and domestic policy, elections, laws, terms and catchphrases, and national and foreign events that impacted Clinton's presidency. This balanced account is a perfect reference for students of, detractors from, and supporters of, William Jefferson Clinton.Among the domestic issues covered are health care reform, gays in the military, abortion, gun control, and welfare reform. Also included are the many foreign policy issues Clinton dealt with such as Bosnia, Northern Ireland, and the Middle East. Numerous charts, tables, and graphs provide vital statistical information about legislation, the economy, federal spending, election returns, and crime during the Clinton years. A chronology of events and many photos accompany the text. Thorough cross-referencing will aid researchers, as will bibliographies of print and Internet sources following each entry.

With the end of white-dominated South Africa, many observers have argued for a positive transformation of the whole of Southern Africa based upon market integration and increased cooperation among the states of the region. Poku and the contributors to this collection re-examine this optimistic scenerio, and they point to the problems of translating good intentions into actual policies.In reality, the economic imbalance between South Africa and its neighbors poses severe problems for the region. Far from finding a stronger ally in regional reconstruction and development, the countries in the region are finding that for many in South Africa they simply do not matter that much. The analysis points to greater polarization, which may imply greater marginalization of the poorer countries in the region. Moreover, a major widening of the gap between the richer South Africa and some or all of the weaker economies may lead to increased tensions and breakdown of regional relations, even to a situation detrimental to economic development in the region. A provocative analysis by some of the leading politico-economic thinkers of the region, the volume will be of great use to scholars, researchers, and policy makers involved with Southern African development.

This study examines the development of Third World solidarity within the broader historical context of changing hegemonic power systems, from Pax Britannia to Pax Americana. Thomas focuses on the political, economic, and racial structures that are fundamental to hegemonic supremacy over peripheral and semiperipheral states, and he analyzes the divergent modes of Third World incorporation (subordination) into the world system. He concludes that the racial structure of global apartheid that dominated the world system during the colonial period is re-emerging under the rubric of a New World Order.

Aspalter asserts that the belief that the development of high standard welfare states is primarily based on the ideology that pro-welfare, mostly leftwing, parties dominate welfare state literature and common thought in the Western world. Instead, in this examination of the welfare states of East Asia, Aspalter and his contributors show that they grew as naturally as they did in most Western countries, but that the reasons for this are other than pro-welfare ideologies. The five welfare states-Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore-are residual welfare states with low levels of welfare benefits and provision when compared to extended welfare states in Western Europe. While East Asian welfare states have experienced a hefty increase in welfare provision that has been regulated or provided by the state since the early 1970s, all five were set up and expanded by conservative governments with clear anti-welfare ideologies.The case studies provided by Aspalter and his contributors suggest that welfare state development in East Asia is caused to a large extent by social protests in general, and, for welfare in particular, by competition in democratic elections, and by the changing role of women. Social and demographic factors, such as the rise of the age structure of the population, do not cause welfare state expansion in the first place. They cause street protests, and street protests convince all kinds of governments-if they rule out the use of force-to implement social welfare. Moreover, politicians, who are afraid to lose elections, also take up welfare issues, which they would not do without electoral competition between candidates and parties. As Aspalter makes clear, governments do not have to wait until major protests occur or until they have lost an election in order to promote social welfare. The anticipation of such an event is sufficient. This book provides new insights on the development of welfare systems that will be of particular interest to scholars, students, and other researchers involved with social welfare, East Asian studies, and comparative politics.

Born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin in 1622, the French playwright Moli^D`ere became one of the most influential dramatists of the 17th century. His comedies shaped the development of theater in Europe, inspired his contemporaries in England, and left a lasting dramatic legacy after his death in 1673. Moli^D`re has also inspired a vast body of scholarship, and recent work has dispelled many of the myths surrounding his career. This reference provides English-speaking readers with a current and comprehensive guide to his life and works.Hundreds of A-Z entries cover topics related to his life, works, and theatrical career, including: Plays; Individual characters; Historical persons; Allusions; Influences; Cultural institutions; And much more. This scrupulously researched volume relies on verifiable facts, giving scant attention to the romantic fiction surrounding the playwright. Many of the entries list works for further reading. A chronology outlines the chief events of Moli^D`re's life and his contributions to the stage. The volume concludes with a bibliography.

This is a comparative analysis of the micro and macro characteristics of self-help organizations of people with disabilities (SHOPs) in seven selected countries and territories in Asia, namely China Mainland, Hong Kong, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Since the 1980s, SHOPs have prospered in this region and were given a major role in the United Nations' forum and the International Year of Disabled Persons in 1981. The analysis shows the differences among the SHOPs in terms of the complexity of their structure, government's affirmative policy, legislation, and leadership qualities. These differences are due to the complex interplay among factors at local, national, and international levels.SHOPs in this region present a rather homogenous perception in their organization, leadership, social inclusion, and globalization, despite the marked differences in their societies. SHOPs tends to be domocratic and consensual in nature, and led by elected members with assistance from paid professional and clerical support. The self-help organizations are positively regarded in these countries.

Management is helpless without the power to direct and control the pursuit of well-defined corporate goals. McCalley identifies six distinct patterns of power within organizations, arguing that management can and must use all of them creatively and ethically for the organization's benefit. Top-down position power is familiar, but not the only option. McCalley identifies others along with their sources, patterns of development, and common use-often abused-in recognizable management situations. Managers need to use their authority and power to drive the energy of dynamic organizations, asserts McCalley, but they must learn to do it without creating factionalism and conflict, and without subjugating subordinates.Surprising insights into the mystery of why otherwise competent managers often fail are mixed with practical wisdom for executives, teachers, and students who will one day assume positions of power. Among the book's special characteristics is McCalley's comprehensive discussion of the impacts that every type of power, authority, influence, and leadership can have, what their basic sources are, and how their structural and functional effects impact the ability to manage.

Providing easy access to information on nearly 450 short stories, this unique guide surveys a wide spectrum of world literature, canonical works, and contemporary fiction. Librarians and teachers will find multiple purposes for this expertly-compiled resource, which can be employed in much the same way as a standard bibliography. Educators will appreciate the concise annotations, arranged alphabetically by author, that form the core of this work. Insightful critical statements synthesize plot summaries and identify the thematic content of each short story.A theme guide utilizes the nearly 100 theme headings matching those at the start of each entry, allowing the user to quickly locate story titles on related themes and construct reading lists based on individual interests and needs. Another component designed to aid librarians offers one bibliography that lists the anthologies from which the stories are drawn (Works Cited) and one comprised of a number of recent anthologies that can be adapted for the classroom (Further Reading). In addition to the theme index, the general subject and author indexes make this a user-friendly and invaluable resource.

Show reluctant teens that reading is not only fundamental-it's also fun! In this companion book to Rip-Roaring Reads for Reluctant Teen Readers, Ammon and Sherman describe 40 exciting, contemporary titles (20 for middle school, 20 for high school) written by outstanding authors. These are books your students won't want to put down. Designed to make the matching process between student and books easy and successful, this volume also includes genre and theme indexes, curriculum activities, interest and readability levels, and reproducible bookmarks for each entry.

This collection presents techniques for tapping a broad range of literary sources to inspire young writers. Drawing upon poetry, folk tales, story jokes, and more, Literary Ideas walks students in grades 3-8 through the process of creating new stories and developing them as scripts for choral readings, readers theatre, and classroom plays. The process inspires creativity, problem solving, observation, and listening skills within a writing and theatrical framework. Includes the following: Poetry for Choral Readings Fairy Tales for Reader's Theater Folk Tale Plays Fairy Tale Alterations for Reader's Theater Fairy Tale Alterations for Plays Modern Fairy Tale Plays Story Joke Plays Poetry Plays Historical Plays Modern Cultural Myth Plays

Take advantage of the appeal and power of Caldecott award literature to extend and promote learning across the curriculum. In these three volumes the author demonstrates how to use award-winning books as springboards to science, social studies, and language arts learning in the library and classroom-and to expand student awareness and appreciation of illustration techniques. For each Caldecott title there is background information on the illustrations, curriculum connections, lesson plans, and support materials for teaching. Glandon also integrates Gardner's multiple intelligences with curriculum content. With a flexible, discovery approach, these activity units focus on student-centered, experiential, holistic, and authentic learning and they are ready for instant implementation. Targeted to primary grade objectives and abilities, the books include an array of individual projects and collaborative ones. They also foster collaborations between library media specialists and classroom teachers.

Take advantage of the appeal and power of Caldecott award literature to extend and promote learning across the curriculum. In these three volumes the author demonstrates how to use award-winning books as springboards to science, social studies learning, and language arts in the library and classroom-and to expand student awareness and appreciation of illustration techniques. For each Caldecott title there is background information on the illustrations, curriculum connections, lesson plans, and support materials for teaching. Glandon also integrates Gardner's multiple intelligences with curriculum content. With a flexible, discovery approach, these activity units focus on student-centered, experiential, holistic, and authentic learning and they are ready for instant implementation. Targeted to primary grade objectives and abilities, the books include an array of individual projects and collaborative ones. They also foster collaborations between library media specialists and classroom teachers.

Take advantage of the appeal and power of Caldecott award literature to extend and promote learning across the curriculum. In these two volumes the author demonstrates how to use award-winning books as springboards to science and social studies learning in the library and classroom-and to expand student awareness and appreciation of illustration techniques. For each Caldecott title there is background information on the illustrations, curriculum connections, lesson plans, and support materials for teaching. Glandon also integrates Gardner's multiple intelligences with curriculum content. With a flexible, discovery approach, these activity units focus on student-centered, experiential, holistic, and authentic learning and they are ready for instant implementation. Targeted to primary grade objectives and abilities, the books include an array of individual projects and collaborative ones. They also foster collaborations between library media specialists and classroom teachers.

Need extra funding for your library or for another educational project? Check this handy guide. Designed for educators and administrators in school and small public libraries, this book is filled with the practical information you need to prepare and execute a successful grant proposal. Learn what types of grants are available and which ones are most suitable to your needs, then follow the step-by-step guidelines for locating sources and securing grants. A wealth of examples, anecdotes, and suggestions will help you through the process. Also included are an annotated bibliography of resources and lists of helpful Internet sites.

Why did ordering an omelet cost one mathematician his life? Answers to this and other questions are found in this exciting new resource that shows your students how 60 mathematicians discovered mathematical solutions through everyday situations. These lessons are easily incorporated into the present curriculum as an introduction to a math concept, a homework piece, or an extra challenge. Teacher notes and suggestions for the classroom are followed by extension problems and additional background material. This is a great way to spark student interest in math. Grades 5-12.

Prepare engaging weather lessons, from short topical units to year-long weather tracking projects. Basic factual material about weather patterns and such weather phenomena as thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, heat and cold waves, floods, and droughts, are covered along with such hot topics and issues as global warming, air pollution, acid deposition, and ozone depletion. Thorough, balanced, and comprehensive, the sourcebook serves equally well as a ready-reference and a planning tool.

This guide focuses on using Document Based Questions (DBQs) to challenge students to interpret primary sources such as letters, diaries, speeches and other historical records.Challenge your students to interpret primary sources from American History such as letters, diaries, speeches, and other historical records. Students learn to analyze a wide variety of visual and graphic stimuli such as paintings, photographs, charts, and graphs using Document-Based Questions. Containing sixteen different themes selected from major units that are covered in American History, DBQs help to utilize many of the skills stressed by social studies teachers, and are an excellent tool for assessing student progress. The activities are geared primarily toward middle school students (grades 6-8), but can be adapted easily for use by secondary students.

Part of the Gifted Treasury Series, Developing Creative Leadership provides an overview of leadership in the crucial grades of 6-12. Drawing upon theories based on cognitive and affective leadership, and the role of leadership in gifted education, leadership is discussed as it pertains to research projects, problem solving, interpersonal communication, and decision-making. Strategies are provided for curriculum planning in the first half of the book in preparation for the second half, which presents practical units for developing leadership. Suggestions are made for developing programs around the Leadership Training Model (LTM), a comprehensive model on which gifted programs can be based.

The literature of science fiction packs up the facts and discoveries of science and runs off to futures filled with both wonders and warnings. Kids love to take the journeys it offers for the thrill of the ride, but they can learn as they travel, too. This book will provide you with: an overview of the past 500 years of scientific thought and the literature of science fiction which it inspired; suggestions for finding and adapting the kind of science fiction that will work best for your classroom; detailed ideas and resources for teaching concepts in the physical, earth, space, and life sciences, as well in history and mathematics; and suggested activities for a variety of grade levels. Appendices provide: science references to help you keep the facts and the fictions straight; national science content standards; and detailed lesson plans for an earth science unit where students travel the depths of time and create their own time travelers' diaries.

Selected for their high interest, appealing formats, appropriate reading levels, outstanding writing, and popularity, these contemporary, spellbinding titles (20 for grades 5-8 and 20 for grades 9-12) reflect a variety of genres and themes that will encourage lifelong literacy. Given for each title are genre and themes, review citations, author information, plot summary, reading and interest rankings, booktalks, literature extensions, alternative book report suggestions, and reproducible bookmarks that suggest further reading.

This work records the accomplishments of the leaders of library science with 51 thoroughly researched biographies of individuals whose contributions have profoundly influenced the profession's history. The biographical sketches, ranging in length from 1,400 to 4,000 words, were researched, written, and reviewed by noted authorities in the library and information science community.

The outbreak of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution at the turn of the nineteenth century transformed the world and ushered in the modern age, whose currents challenged the traditional political order and the prevailing religious establishment. The new secular framework presented a potential threat to the papal leadership of the Catholic community, which was profoundly affected by the rush towards modernization. In the nineteenth century the transnational church confronted a world order dominated by the national state, until the emergence of globalization towards the close of the twentieth century. Here, Coppa focuses on Rome's response to the modern world, exploring the papacy's political and diplomatic role during the past two centuries. He examines the Vatican's impact upon major ideological developments over the years, including capitalism, nationalism, socialism, communism, modernism, racism, and anti-Semitism. At the same time, he traces the continuity and change in the papacy's attitude towards church-state relations and the relationship between religion and science.Unlike many earlier studies of the papacy, which examine this unique institution as a self-contained unit and concentrate upon its role within the church, this study examines this key religious institution within the broader framework of national and international political, diplomatic, social, and economic events. Among other things, it explores such questions as the limits to be placed on national sovereignty; the Vatican's critique of capitalism and communism; the morality of warfare; and the need for an equitable international order.