Bøger i Nato Science Partnership Subseries: 2 serien

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "New Technologies for Large Water Supply Projects", held in Varna, Bulgaria, October 24 - November 4, 1994

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Brno, Czech Republic, 6-10 October 1997

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in Tihany, Hungary, 30 May-4 June 1998

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Acridogenic and Anthropogenic Hazards to the Grassland Biome: Managing Grasshopper Outbreaks without Risking Environmental Disaster, Estes Park, Colorado, U.S.A., September 11-18, 1999

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in Budapest, Hungary, from October 16-18, 1997

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biochemical Cycling in Marine Sediments, held in Hel, Poland, August 1997

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Prague, 11-15 November 1995

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Air Pollution in the Ural mountains, Magnitogorsk, Russia, 26-30 May 1997

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on The Scientific, Environmental, and Political Issues of the Circum-Caspian Region, Moscow, Russia, 13-16 May 1996

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Science and Technology to Save and Better Utilize Central and Eastern Europe's Forests, Saulberg, Lower Bavaria, Germany, July 15-19, 1996

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Recycling, Remediation and Restoratiin Strategies for Contaminated Civilian and Military Sites in the Arctic Far North, Kirkenes, Norway, 24-28 June 1996

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on QSAR Biodegradation II: QSARs for Biotransformation & Biodegradation, Luhacovice, Czech Republic, May 2-3, 1996

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sensitivity of North Sea, Baltic Sea and Black Sea to Anthropogenic and Climatic Changes, Varna, Bulgaria, 14-18 November 1995

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Przesieka, Poland, 15-26 June 1996

Proceedings of the Advanced Research Workshop, Kiev, Ukraine, 29 July-1 August, 1997

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Batumi, Republic of Georgia, October 5-12, 1996

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey, September 16-20, 1996

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Regional and Global Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances, Novosibirsk, Russia, July 10-14, 1995

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Venice, Italy, 15-19 March 1999

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Reconstruction in Headwater Areas in Liberec and Prague, Czech Republic, November 21-26, 1997

Proceedings of the NATO TU Black Sea Project, Zori Rossii, Ukraine, 15-19 June 1997

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Integrated Rehabilitation of Environmentally Devastated Areas in River Basins in Eastern Europe, held at Moscow, Russia, September 1994

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Regional and Global Mercury Cycles: Sources, Fluxes and Mass Balances, Novosibirsk, Russia, July 10-14, 1995

Soil Quality in Relation to Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Environmental Security in Central and Eastern Europe, held in Pulawy, Poland, 13-17 October 1997

Accurate assessment of environmental hazards and related risks is a primary prerequisite for effective environmental health protection, at both the individual and collective level. National and regional policies on environmental health need to be guided by knowledge about the risks to the populations involved; as the Environmental Action Plan for Europe notes, 'priority setting requires the comparative assessment of risks to health of different environmental factors against the cost of controlling them.' In recent years this has assumed particular importance, for with the encouragement of the World Health Organisation (WHO), all countries in Europe are committed to producing National Environmental Health Action Plans (NEHAPs), which will define priorities and targets for environmental health and the actions needed to achieve them. Reliable information on risks is clearly fundamantal to this process. Individual risk assessment is no less important in this context. Much of the responsibility and capacity to improve public health lies ultimately in the choices (e.g. about diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, sexual activities, sporting activities, travel mode, place of residence and occupation) which we make as individuals. If we are to improve and protect our own health, therefore, and in so doing play our personal role in achieving the targets set by these Plans, we need to be guided by a clear understanding of the risks involved.

Hydroinformatics systems are systems that combine computational hydraulic modelling with information systems (including knowledge-based systems). They are gaining rapid acceptance in the areas of environmental planning, design and management. The present book focuses exclusively on sewage systems, starting with their planning and then going on to discuss their design, operation and rehabilitation. The very experienced authors discuss business and information needs in the management of urban drainage, tools for collecting and archiving such data, and their use in modelling catchment hydrology, sewer systems hydraulics, wastewater quality, wastewater treatment plant operation, and receiving waters. The control and operation of sewer systems in real time is described, followed by a discussion of their maintenance and rehabilitation. Intelligent decision support systems for managing the urban drainage business process are presented. Audience: Researchers into sewer design, municipal engineers, planners and managers interested in an innovative approach to all aspects of the planning, design and operation of sewer systems.

In 1997 disastrous flooding running through the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany took the lives of a great number of people and caused economic damage estimated in tens of billions of dollars. Flooding of the Yangtze river in 1998 killed more than 3000 people, dislocated 230 million souls, and caused direct damage of more than $ 45 billion. Both the general public and the experts are asking what we can learn from these recent events to reduce loss of life and flood damage. The 1997 floods were dealt with by experts from the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany, who presented timely reports on combatting floods, both success stories and shortcomings. This experience is further extended by reports from experts drawn from 13 other countries, developing a broad overview of flood risk management, covering the ecosystem approach to flood management, including socioeconomic issues, flood impacts on water quality, human health, and natural ecosystems.

Difficult ethical and political issues confront the application of scientific and technological solutions for preventing pollution from occurring. Often the questions embodying proposed solutions to known problems are ambiguous; and no singular solution can exist for all locations. Yet the common organizing principle for all solutions to environmental problems must be scientific, because only sound science can provide a rational understanding that decision-makers can use universally. The NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on Tools and Methods for Pollution Prevention (October 12-14, 1998, Prague, Czech Republic) was designed to assemble experts from NATO and former socialist countries of Eastern Europe to discuss science-based tools and methods, either available or in development, that can be used to analyze environmental impacts of manufacturing processes and manufactured products. The presentations at the workshop were written up specifically for the purpose of this book, albeit after peer reviews and thorough revisions. Most of the chapters focus on specific method development for designing environmentally benign processes or products. Several chapters take a broader view and focus on such designs from an implementation perspective, and dwell on ethical conflicts, resistance to change because of inertia or inadequate infrastructure, and on the lack of resources. We placed these chapters at the beginning of the book. The volume starts with the overview by Sikdar et aI. , who describe the scope and difficulties of pollution prevention in the manufacturing sectors.

Eastern and Western, NATO partner and member country specialists discuss recent accomplishments in the sharing of timely, accurate data and information to protect the water resources of the Danube Basin, a strategic region shared by two Western and 11 former Communist countries. An International Commission, continuing the work of an ad hoc environmental management programme, is expected to take over in 1997 and may well adopt the recommendations of this timely workshop. These recommendations include the establishment of a central source of water quality data and information on levels of pollution, government standards and their enforcement, NGO environmental groups, and other programmes and policies. The editor, Dr. Irene Lyons Murphy, received support from the United States Institute of Peace during 1995- a study of the cooperative management of Danube River resources which began with the end of the Cold War. It analyzes the development and ratification of the Danube River Protection Convention and other aspects of joint pro-environment activities from 1991 to 1996. Its title The Danube: A River Basin in Transition is to be published in early 1997. Users, investors in new and/or joint business ventures, national and international governments, research scientists, the media, NGOs and the general public will be served on the Internet and through the distribution of CD-ROM and diskettes.