Bøger i Latin America@War serien

Argentina's tumultuous years from 1955 to 1974, focus on the rise of Marxist guerrilla groups, their violent actions, and the military's responses during a period of political upheaval.Operativo Independencia Volume 1 covers the lengthy background of Operation Independence between 1955 and 1974, with a brief description of all subversive guerrilla groups, the Argentine Security Forces organization, and the ERP and Montoneros organizations.International Marxist terrorism won the sympathy of many university students, Catholic movements and intellectuals in Argentina in the 1960s and 1970s, using terms such as 'dependency, imperialism, subjugation, colonialism and dictatorship'. Many of these young people had been catechists linked to Third World priests, but instead of taking the peaceful path of Christian preaching, they chose the bloody path of arms. Marxism-Leninism managed to penetrate the minds of socially well-off young people, convincing them that armed struggle was the only valid alternative against military dictatorships and Yankee imperialism. This is how they recruited hundreds of young people who later saw their lives and dreams cut short by a useless fight against a well-armed and highly professional Army.Although the first groups began to appear after the overthrow of General Juan Domingo Perón in 1955, the main guerrilla groups would only appear towards the end of the 1960s. They would 'prepare' the ground for Perón to return to the country and be President again. Perón called them 'Wonderful Youth', but he had created a monster he could not handle in his last years of life.All these groups were inspired by the successful Cuban revolution led by Fidel Castro in 1959 with an Argentine, Ernesto Guevara, aka Che, and unrealistically thought that they could seize power and turn Argentina into a 'socialist homeland' in the best Cuban style. But Argentina was not Cuba, and the Argentine Armed Forces, despite suffering deep divisions and internal conflicts, were powerful, well-armed and well-trained. Their members were highly motivated to defend the political model at the time.The subversive bands aimed to produce chaos in the country, infiltrating the Peronist mass, destroying institutions, and supporting violence against the state. To achieve their objectives, the guerrilla groups resorted to the most despicable acts: kidnapping politicians, police and military officers, diplomats, and national or foreign businessmen or their relatives for ransom; hijackings; taking prisons to free their fellow terrorists; bombing politicians' or military officers' houses, foreign factories, police stations and military bases; to the assassination of politicians, police and army officers, including even a former president, General Aramburu.Everything had an objective: to create chaos in the country to prepare for the coming of Perón. When the military governments gave way to free elections, with the Peronist candidate Héctor Cámpora winning in 1973, guerrilla activity did not decrease but instead increased significantly. Cámpora belonged to the Peronist left and was greatly influenced by his two Montonero sons, so Montoneros held crucial government positions. That cost him a severe reprimand from the Peronist leader, and when General Perón assumed the presidency, he declared these groups illegal and began to fight them. But there was also the Peronist right wing in the CGT (General Confederation of Labor) and later the so-called Triple A (Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance) led by José López Rega, which would be in charge of avenging those murders and kidnappings of trade unionists by Marxist groups, especially between 1973 and 1976.General Perón did not live much longer, and it was his wife, the vice president, who, upon assuming the presidency, had to face the severe problem of the guerrillas. Although her government ordered Operation Independence, she would not see the end of this story either, which would occur in another military government led by Lieutenant General Videla towards the end of the 1970s.Operativo Independencia Volume 1 covers the long period that began after the overthrow of the government of Perón in 1955 until 1974, the year before the launch of Operativo Independencia. All the subversive groups that appeared in that period, their prominent leaders and actions are covered. Of all of them, only two would be protagonists of the most violent crimes in the mid-1970s in Argentina, the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) and the Montoneros, whose organization is detailed in this volume.

Illustrated with over 150 original photographs of the personalities, aircraft, ships and ground forces from Argentina and Chile during the conflict.The Beagle Channel lies at the southernmost tip of South America and sovereignty over a number of islands there was hotly disputed between Argentina and Chile for much of the twentieth century. Navigation rights to this channel connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans were of considerable strategic value. In 1978, this dispute came within hours of breaking into large-scale open warfare between the two nations at sea, in the air and on land as Argentina launched Operación Soberanía (Operation Sovereignty).Argentina's plans involved far more than just seizing a few barely inhabited islands, however, and intended to strike deep into Chile in several locations along the length of the border between the two nations. In return, Chile planned to counterattack into northern Argentina to seize territory to be held as a bargaining chip for future negotiations. The plans of these two nations, with Argentina controlled by its Military Junta and Chile under the dictatorship of General Pinochet, threatened to draw in their Latin American neighbors.The Beagle Conflict: Argentina And Chile On The Brink Of War Volume 2 1978-1984 provides a detailed examination of the militaries of Argentina and Chile at the time of the 1978 confrontation, of their plans and deployments for war, and of the negotiations and settlement through the offices of the Vatican that ultimately settled this dispute. This volume also examines further military developments up to 1984 as tensions between the Latin American neighbors eased.The volume is illustrated with over 150 original photographs of the personalities, aircraft, ships and ground forces of the two nations, maps showing the plans for war, and specially commissioned color artworks.

Covers the origins of the disputes and border clashes between Chile and Argentina from independence until early 1978.The Beagle conflict was a territorial dispute between Argentina and Chile over the determination of the layout of the eastern mouth of the Beagle Channel, which affected the sovereignty of the islands located south of the channel, and east of Cape Horn and its adjacent maritime spaces.The first antecedents of the conflict date back to 1888, seven years after the signing of the Treaty of Limits. In 1901, the first Argentine map appeared in which some of the islands in question were drawn as within Argentina's control. Despite the small size of the islands, their strategic value between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans caused a long conflict between the two South American states that went on for much of the 20th century, causing a number of 'minor' incidents, and almost culminating in a major war.The conflict focused on the dispute over the sovereignty of the islands and the oceanic rights generated by them to Chile, but it was not limited exclusively to these islands.Volume 1 of The Beagle Conflict mini-series covers the origins of the dispute and border clashes between the two countries from the time of the independence of Chile and Argentina from the Spanish Crown, until early 1978, and is illustrated with original photographs, custom-drawn artworks and maps.

An in-depth military and political reappraisal of the Anguilla Crisis, exploring the countdown to military intervention, its tactical implementation and its legacy.In the early morning darkness of 19 March 1969, troops from Britain's 2nd Battalion of the Parachute Regiment (2 PARA) and Royal Marines, clambered into the small landing craft and helicopters aboard HMS Minervaand HMS Rothesay. Their objective, under 'Operation Sheepskin', was to invade the small Caribbean island of Anguilla through both an amphibious and airborne assault. The operation aimed to crush a two-year island rebellion against the postcolonial government of Robert Bradshaw on St Kitts. Recent military intelligence reports had been patchy as to the level of resistance to be expected from the islanders; however, the number of firearms estimated to be on the island and the recent hostility experienced by British diplomats, suggested that the troops were about to encounter a storm of bullets as they hit the beaches. Strangely enough, as the squaddies splashed ashore, they were met by the thunderous silence of an empty beach apart from the clicks of journalists' cameras. To the surprise of all involved, the occupation of the island was subsequently achieved without bloodshed. Whilst British policymakers soon questioned whether they had misread the situation in Anguilla and overreacted militarily, Fleet Street and the international media responded with ridicule. The operation was presented as a farce and emblematic of Britain's declining world role since the end of empire. This satirical interpretation has remained the abiding memory, if the invasion is remembered at all, within British public consciousness. Despite the military anti-climax however, this does not detract from the considerable importance of Operation Sheepskin for understanding the complexities of decolonization in the Caribbean; Britain's military performance following the retreat from 'East of Suez' and decision-making within the Labour government of Prime Minister Harold Wilson.This book offers an in-depth military and political reappraisal of the Anguilla Crisis, exploring the countdown to military intervention, its tactical implementation and its legacy. In doing so, the book evaluates the reasons for the British government's apparent overreaction to the crisis, the scandal that rocked Whitehall as Operation Sheepskin was being arranged and finally, the series of operational blunders which emerged as the operation was carried out. Constituting a neglected and unusual chapter of post-war British military history, the book will appeal to those readers interested in the wars of decolonization, British politics in the 1960s and the history of the Caribbean at the end of empire.

This book covers the intense preparations for the coup of September 1955 and the conflict itself, described day by day in detail, along with the subsequent exile and return of President Perón.

Erupting in the aftermath of a military coup and the mass-killing of anti-coup protesters in October 1979, the civil war in El Salvador was fought between the military junta and the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front - an umbrella organization of predominantly left-wing groups.

Azules versus Colorados is the name given to a series of armed confrontations between two factions of the Argentine Armed Forces in 1962 and 1963, during the de facto presidency of José María Guido.

For Now and Forever! deals with the two military coup d'état attempts in Venezuela of 1992, providing the background to both the socio-economic situation of the country and the state of affairs inside of the armed forces.

Erupting in the aftermath of a military coup and the mass-killings of anti-coup protesters in October 1979, the civil war in El Salvador was fought between the military-led junta government and the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front - an umbrella organization of predominantly left-wing groups.

Never before has the world come as close to destruction as it did in October 1962. Barely 18 months after the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the US, Cuba and the Soviet Union once again came toe to toe in a show of intimidation.

Reviewing and re-examining Operation Urgent Fury: the US Intervention in Grenada in 1983.

The complete history of the 2nd Naval Air Fighter and Attack Squadron of the Argentine Naval Aviation, and its modern Super Étendard aircraft, armed with Exocet missiles.

A comprehensive, in-depth, and richly-illustrated study of the US-Cuban relations during the first half of the 1950s.

The first concise study of the armed forces of five English-speaking Caribbean nations.

With an abundant collection of exclusive photographs, maps and authentic colour profiles, this book is the first authoritative account of the air warfare between Ecuador and Peru in 1995.

The first authoritative account of the Paulista War published in the English language, providing a detailed account of both aerial and ground combat operations.

An exclusive and thrilling story of the crews of 22 warships, submarines, anti-submarine-warfare helicopters, and Nimrod submarine-hunter aircraft involved on both sides of the Falklands/Malvinas War, their intensive and advanced training, and their dramatic combat experiences.

The first authoritative and detailed account of aerial operations over Mexico in the period 1910-1939, and as such an indispensable source of reference for enthusiasts and professionals alike.

Suriname became independent in 1975 under the Netherlands' decolonisation program. Bureaucratic mismanagement by the democratic government led to a military coup in 1980 and ultimately a civil war that lasted from 1986 to 1992. The volume is illustrated by more than 120 contemporary photographs, maps and authentic colour profiles.

'Trinidad 1990' details the dramatic events of July 1990 and the successfully operation that quelled it. It was a coming of age for the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force which, without external intervention, contained and then defeated an Islamist uprising. Illustrated by more than 100 photographs, maps and colour profiles.

Drawing upon accounts from both sides and illustrated by more than 100 exclusive photographs, half a dozen maps and 15 authentic colour profiles, 'Air Wars between Ecuador and Peru, Volume 2' provides the first authoritative account of the air warfare between Ecuador and Peru in early 1981.

By 1982, the backbone of the Argentine combat aviation was formed of Douglas A-4 Skyhawks, they took on the overwhelming struggle to fight the British Task Force that opposed the Argentine forces on the Malvinas/Falkland Islands.

This book provides intricate details on the military capabilities and intentions of armed forces on both sides, their training, planning, and the conduct of combat operations.

Nicaragua, 1961-1990, Volume 2 provides an in-depth coverage of military history during the second phase of one of bloodiest, and most-publicised armed conflicts of Latin America in modern times.

A detailed description of the coup in question, and how Stroessner was driven into exile in Brazil, is the centerpiece of this narrative.

Volume 1 of Nicaragua, 1961-1990 provides an in-depth coverage of military history during the first phase of one of major armed conflicts of Latin America in modern times.

The aerial operations during the Revolutions of 1922 and 1947 in Paraguay, covering all the recce, light bombing missions, as well as the few dogfights.

During 1932, the occupation of the Colombian towns of Leticia and Tarapaca by Peruvian troops and civilians, in the Amazon region, led to a conflict that almost ended in a total war between both countries. Aviation played an important role on both sides, due to the complicated jungle environment.

The story of Mexico's official and unofficial participation in World War II by its aviation personnel.