Bøger i Language of Science serien

Role of Atmospheric Models in Air Pollution Policy and Abatement Strategies: Multipollutant Modeling and Policy: Dressing the Emperor and Avoiding False Paradigms; R.L. Dennis. Meteorological Aspects of Ozone Episodes in Southern Ontario: A Mesoscale Model Investigation; R.S. Tangirala. Integrated Regional Modeling: Meteorological Modeling in Sydney, Australia: Case Study of Smog Event; P.J. Hurley, et al. Lake Breezes and Their Impact on Groundlevel Ozone Transport over Southwestern Ontario and Southeastern Michigan; D.M.L. Sills, P.A. Taylor. Global and Longrange Transport: Sulfur Deposition in Asia: An Assessment of the Present Situation and Future Scenarios; G.R. Carmichael, R.L. Arndt. The European Long Range Tracer Experiment (ETEX): Preliminary Evaluation of Model Intercomparison Exercise; G. Archer, et al. New Developments: Mesoscale Modeling of Clouds and Aerosol Particles; A.I. Flossmann. Accidental Releases: Validation of a Combination of Two Models for Longrange Tracer Simulations; J. Brandt, et al. Model Assessment and Verification: Air Pollution in Coastal Cities; D.G. Steyn. Poster Session: Use of the UB/NMC Model for the Simulation of the Lifecycle of Chernobyl Radioactive Cloud; M. Dacic, B. Telenta. 74 additional articles. Index.

Electromagnetic Meson Production at Low Energies; B.H. Schoch. Parity Violation in Electron Scattering; R.D. McKeown. Polarization in Leptoninduced Reactions; T.W. Donnelly. Quark Structure of the Nucleon and Nucleon Resonances; B. Metsch. Leptonic Production of Baryon Resonances; V.D. Burkert. Structure Functions of the Nucleon; T.J. Ketel. Nuclear Filtering and Quantum Color Transparency: An Introductory Review; J.P. Ralston. Photon and Meson Production in Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions; H. Löhner. Near Threshold Particle Production: A Probe of Resonancematter Formation in Heavy-ion Collisions; V. Metag. Quark Matter and Nuclear Collisions; H. Satz. The String Model of Nuclear Scattering: Theoretical Concepts; K. Werner. Introduction to the Dual Parton Model; A. Capella. Nucleon-Nucleon Bremsstrahlung; K. Nakayama. Index.

1-Coronavirus Genes: Comparative Aspects.- Sequence Analysis of CCV and its Relationship to FIPV, TGEV and PRCV.- Genomic Organization and Expression of the 3' End of the Canine and Feline Enteric Coronaviruses.- Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Spike Gene from Several Feline Coronaviruses.- Genomic Organisation of a Virulent Taiwanese Strain of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus.- The Use of PCR Genome Mapping for the Characterisation of TGEV Strains.- Evolution and Tropism of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus.- Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus: Molecular Characterization of the S Gene Using cDNA Probes and Nucleotide Sequence Analysis.- Sequence Analysis of the Nucleocapsid Protein Gene of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus.- Genome Organization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus.- Characterization of the Nonstructural and Spike Proteins of the Human Respiratory Coronavirus OC43: Comparison with Bovine Enteric Coronavirus.- Identification, Expression in E. coli and Insect Cells of the Non-Structural Protein NS2 Encoded by mRNA2 of Bovine Coronavirus (BCV).- Characterization of the Human Coronavirus 229E (HCV 229E) Gene 1.- Identification of Coronaviral Conserved Sequences and Application to Viral Genome Amplification.- 2-Transcription, Replication and Genome Engineering.- Studies into the Mechanism for MHV Transcription.- Analysis of the Cis-Acting Elements of Coronavirus Transcription.- Control of TGEV mRNA Transcription.- An Intraleader Open Reading Frame is Selected from a Hypervariable 5' Terminus During Persistent Infection by the Bovine Coronavirus.- Effects of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection on Host Cell Metabolism.- The Effect of Amantadine on Mouse Hepatitis Virus Replication.- Analysis of Messenger RNA within Virions of IBV.- Inhibition of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Multiplication by Antisense Oligonucleotide, Antisense RNA, Sense RNA and Ribozyme.- Site-Specific Sequence Repair of Coronavirus Defective Interfering RNA by RNA Recombination and Edited RNA.- Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Genome of Mouse Hepatitis Virus by Targeted RNA Recombination.- Homologous RNA Recombination Allows Efficient Introduction of Site-Specific Mutations into the Genome of Coronavirus MHV-A59 via Synthetic Co-Replicating RNAs.- 3-Characterization and Functions of Viral Proteins.- Identification of Peplomer Cleavage Site Mutations Arising During Persistence of MHV-A59.- Proteolytic Cleavage of the Murine Coronavirus Surface Glycoprotein is not Required for its Fusion Activity.- Fusogenic Properties of Uncleaved Spike Protein of Murine Coronavirus JHMV.- Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Resistant Variant of MHV.- Molecular Mimicry Between S Peplomer Proteins of Coronaviruses (MHV, BCV, TGEV and IBV) and Fc receptor.- Complex Formation Between the Spike Protein and the Membrane Protein During Mouse Hepatitis Virus Assembly.- Preliminary Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for a Viral 27 kD Glycoprotein Family Synthesized in Porcine Epidemic Diarrheoa Virus Infected Cells.- Involvement of Lipids in Membrane Binding of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Nucleocapsid Protein.- A Novel Glycoprotein of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Coronavirus Contains a KDEL-Like Endoplasmic Reticulm Retention Signal.- Altered Proteolytic Processing of the Polymerase Polyprotein in RNA(-) Temperature Sensitive Mutants of Mucine Coronavirus.- A Newly Identified MHV-A59 ORF1a Polypeptide p65 is Temperature Sensitive in Two RNA Negative Mutants.- Proteolytic Processing of the N-Terminal Region of the Equine Arteritis Virus Replicase.- 4-Coronaviruses, Toroviruses and Arteriviruses: Common and Distinctive Features.- The Coronaviruslike Superfamily.- Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) Contains a Unique Set of Four Structural Proteins.- The Coronaviridae now Comprises Two Genera, Coronavirus and Torovirus: Report of the Coronaviridae Study Group.- 5-Cellular Receptors for Coronaviruses.- Coronavirus Receptor S...

Stress, the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, and Immune Function; M. Stein, A.H. Miller. Psychological Stress, Immunity and Immune Depression; A. Falek. Opiods, Receptors, and Immunity; M.W. Adler, et al. Consequences of Opiate-Dependency in a Monkey Model of AIDS; R.M. Donahoe, et al. Effects of Opioids on Proliferation of Mature and Immature Immune Cells; H.H Loh, et al. Immune Alterations in Chronic Morphine-Treated Rhesus Monkeys; D.J.J. Carr, C.P. France. Immunosuppressive Effects of Morphine on Immune Responses in Mice; T.K. Eisenstein, et al. MorphineInduced Modulation of Immune Status; D.T. Lysle, et al. Morphine Binding Sites on Human T Lymphocytes; J.J. Madden, et al. Marijuana and Bacterial Infections; T.W. Klein, et al. Effects of Marijuana on Spleen Lymphocytes from Mice of Different Age Groups; S. Pross, et al. Syphilis and Drugs of Abuse; L.J. Paradises, H. Friedman. Marijuana and Host Resistance to Herpesvirus Infection; G.A. Cabral, et al. 24 additional articles. Index.

Introductory Address.- The New Biology and Vaccine Research.- Keynote Presentation.- Mucosal Immunity To Vaccines: Current Concepts for Vaccine Development and Immune Response Analysis.- Session I: Oral Diseases and Host Immune Responses.- Prospects for Human Mucosal Vaccines.- Bacterial Diseases of the Oral Tissues.- Oral Virus Infections: The Potential for Gene Transfer in Treatment and Prevention.- Session II: Update on Vaccines and Vaccine Development.- Bacterial Mucosal Vaccines.- A General Overview of Viral Vaccine Development.- Session III: Vaccines and the Mucosal Immune System.- An Update on the "Jennerian" and Modified "Jennerian" Approach to Vaccination of Infants and Young Children Against Rota Virus Diarrhea.- Induction of Mucosal and Serum Immune Responses to a Specific Antigen of Peridontal Bacteria.- IgA1 Proteases and Host-Parasite Relationships in the Oral Cavity.- Transport of Iga Immune Complexes Across Epithelial Membranes: New Concepts n Mucosal Immunity.- Effect of Mucosal Microenvironment on Immune Response to Viruses.- Session IV: Optimizing Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses.- Induction of T Helper Cells and Cytokines For Mucosal IgA Responses.- Cytokine Production and T Cell Receptor Expression by Salivary Gland T Cell and Intraepithelial T Lymphocytes for the Regulation of the IgA Response.- Immunological Adjuvants.- Session V: Delivery Systems and Immune Analysis.- M Cell-Mediated Antigen Transport and Monoclonal IgA Antibodies For MucosalImmune Protection.- A Mechanism of Passive Immunization with Monoclonal Antibodies to a 185,000Mr Streptococcal Antigen.- Delivery of Antigens by Recombinant Avirulent Salmonella Strains.- Use of Recombinant BCG as a Vaccine Delivery Vehicle.- Vaccinia Virus Recombinants as Potential Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines.- Liposomes and Conjugate Vaccines for Antigen Delivery and Induction of Mucosal Immune Responses.- Peroral Immunization with a Cholera Toxin-Linked Bacterial Protein Antigen and Synthetic Peptide.- Peptomers as Vaccine Candidates.- Session VI: Target Antigen Selection and Vaccine Development.- Structural and Functional Studies of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D.- Molecular, Immunological and Functional Characterization of the Major Surfae Adhesin of Streptococcus Mutans.- Reacitve Antigens of the Periodontopathic Bacterium Actinobacillus Actinmycetemcomitans.- Immunization with Fimbrial Protein and Peptide Protects Against Porphyromonas Gingivalis- Induced Periodontal Tissue Destruction.- Vaccine Development: Progression from Target Antigen to Product.- Session VII: Immunological Correlates of Protection.- Significance of Immune Responses to Oral Antigens in Dental Diseases.- Laboratory Correlates of Protection and Protective Immunity to Bordetella Pertussis.- Future Directions.- Challenges and Opportunities in Vaccine Research.- Summary and Recommendations for Future Research.- Speakers and Moderators.- Author Index.

An Overview of Developments in Research on Recovery from Brain Injury.- Recovery of Function: Nutritional Factor.- Neural Transplantation and Recovery of Function: Animal Studies.- Neural Implants and Recovery of Function: Human Work.- Environmental Approaches to Recovery of Function from Brain Damage: A Review of Animal Studies (1981 to 1991).- Neuropsychological Rehabilitation.- Hemidecortication and Recovery of Function: Animal Studies.- A Review of Cognitive Outcome after Hemidecortication in Humans.- Compensatory Mechanisms - Neural and Behavioral: Evidence from Prenatal Damage to the Forebrain Commissures.- Mechanisms Underlying Recovery from Cortical Injury: Reflections on Progress and Directions for the Future.- Research on Recovery: Ends and Means.- Author Index.

Review: Taurine Deficiency and the Cat.- Taurine Synthesis in Cat and Mouse In Vivo and In Vitro.- Amino Acid Interaction with Taurine Metabolism in Cats.- The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Cysteic Acid on the Plasma Taurine Concentration of Cats Maintained on a Taurine-Restricted Diet.- The Metabolic Basis for the Taurine Requirement of Cats.- Intestinal Taurine and the Enterohepatic Circulation of Taurocholic Acid in the Cat.- Urinary Excretion of Taurine as a Function of Taurine Intake: Potential for Estimating Taurine Bioavailability in the Adult Cat.- Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Domestic Cat: Relationship to Diet and Myocardial Taurine Content.- Reduction of Intrinsic Contractile Function of the Left Ventricle by Taurine Deficiency in Cats.- "Activation" of Alveolar Leukocytes Isolated from Cats Fed Taurine-free Diets.- High Dietary Taurine and Feline Reproduction.- Taurine Distribution in the Cat Muscle: An Immunohistochemical Study.- Review: Myocardial Physiological Effects of Taurine and Their Significance.- Sarcolemmal Actions of Taurine Linked to Altered Phospholipid N-methylation.- Taurine Effects on Ionic Currents in Myocardial Cells.- Taurine Attenuates Contracture Induced by Perfusion with Low Sodium, High Calcium Medium in Chick Hearts.- Effect of Taurine on Intracellular Calcium Dynamics of Cultured Myocardial Cells During the Calcium Paradox.- Intracellular Effects of Taurine: Studies on Skinned Cardiac Preparations.- Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Arrhythmogenesis and Excitation-contraction Coupling in Cardiac Tissue.- Taurine Potentiates the Antiaggregatory Action of Aspirin and Indomethacin.- Antiarrhythmic Action of Taurine.- Mechanism Underlying Physiological Modulation of Myocardial Contraction by Taurine.- Effects of Taurine Depletion on Membrane Electrical Properties of Rat Skeletal Muscle.- Regression of Taurine Depletion in Rhesus Monkeys Deprived of Dietary Taurine Throughout the First Year.- Taurine Transport in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex During Development and Ageing.- Phospholipids, Phospholipid Methylation and Taurine Content in Synaptosomes of Developing Rat Brain.- The Effect of Taurine on the Age-related Decline of the Immune Response in Mice: the Restorative Effect on the T Cell Proliferative Response to Costimulation with Ionomycin and Phorbol Myristate Acetate.- Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Immune Function in Mice.- Review: Recent Studies on Taurine in the Central Nervous System.- Pathologies of the CNS and Associated Taurine Changes.- Taurine Receptor: Kinetic Analysis and Pharmacological Studies.- Evoked Endogenous Taurine Release from Cultured Cerebellar Neurons.- Effect of Hepes on the Uptake of Taurine by Cultured Nervous Cells.- The Trophic Role of Taurine in the Retina. A Possible Mechanism of Action.- Endogenous Regulation of the Taurine Receptor.- Localization of Taurine and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Human Optic Nerve Using Immunocytochemical Techniques.- Effects of Taurine on Protein Phosphorylation in Mammalian Tissues.- Taurine Protection of Lungs in Hamster Models of Oxidant Injury: a Morphologic Time Study of Paraquat and Bleomycin Treatment.- Taurine and Niacin Offer a Novel Therapeutic Modality in Prevention of Chemically-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Hamsters.- Taurine Protects Against Oxidant Injury to Rat Alveolar Pneumocytes.- The Protective Effect of Taurine on the Biomembrane Against Damage Produced by the Oxygen Radical.- Volume Regulatory Fluxes in Glial and Renal Cells.- Cell Volume Changes and Taurine Release in Cerebral Cortical Slices.- L-Glutamate-induced Swelling of Cultured Astrocytes.- Taurine and Volume Regulation in Isolated Nerve Endings.- Hyperosmolarity and Taurine Content, Uptake and Release in Astrocytes.- GABA and Taurine Serve as Respectively a Neurotransmitter and an Osmolyte in Cultured Cerebral Cortical Neurons.- Potassium-stimulated Release of Taurine in A Crude Retinal Preparation O...

Physical Chemistry of Cheese Texture.- 1. Overview: Cheese Chemistry and Rheology.- 2. Rheology of Reduced-Fat Mozzarella Cheese.- 3. Rheology of Reduced-Fat Cheese Containing Fat Substitute.- 4. Factors Affecting the Functional Characteristics of Unmelted and Melted Mozzarella Cheese.- Chemical Origins of Cheese Flavor.- 5. Chemical Species in Cheese and Their Origin in Milk Components.- 6. Biogenesis of Flavour Compounds in Cheese.- 7. Cheddar Cheese Flavour and Chemical Indices: Changes During Maturation.- 8. Assessment of Accelerated Cheese Ripening by Reverse-Phase HPLC.- 9. Time-Temperature Effects on Microbial, Chemical, and Sensory Changes During Cooling and Aging of Cheddar Cheese.- Proteolysis during Ripening.- 10. Methods for Assessing Proteolysis During Maturation.- 11. Contribution of Milk-Clotting Enzymes and Plasmin to Cheese Ripening.- 12. Contribution of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Cheese Ripening.- 13. Maturation Profiles of Cheddar-Type Cheese Produced from High Heat Treatment Milk to Incorporate Whey Protein.- 14. Inhibition of Proteolysis in Mozzarella Cheese Prepared from Homogenized Milk.- Molecular and Ultrastructure of Cheese.- 15. Practical Aspects of Electron Microscopy in Cheese Research.- 16. Immunolocalization and Microstructure of Milk Proteins and Fat Mimetics.- 17. Microstructure Studies of Reduced Fat Cheeses Containing Fat Substitute.- 18. Influence of Casein Peptide Conformations on Textural Properties of Cheese.- 19. Electron-Density Patterns in Low-Fat Mozzarella Cheeses During Refrigerated Storage.- 20. Applications of Confocal Microscopy to Fat Globule Structure in Cheese.- Technological and Nutritional Aspects of Reduced-Fat Cheese.- 21. Technology of Manufacturing Reduced-Fat Cheddar Cheese.- 22. Nutritional Aspects of Reduced-Fat Cheese.- 23. Microbiology and Biochemistry of Reduced-Fat Cheese.- 24. Whey Protein in Cheese - An Overview.- 25. Reduced-Fat Cheese: Regulations and Definitions.- 26. Improving the Sensory Characteristics of Reduced-Fat Cheese.- Contributors.

Quantum Kinetic Equations; H. Spohn. Microscopic Derivation of Hydrodynamics with Phase Transition in a Plasma Model; G.L. Sewell. Ferromagnetism in Itinerant Electron Systems; H. Tasaki. Homogeneity in the Ground State of the Two-Dimensional Falicov-Kimabll Model; T. Kennedy. Diffusive Limit of the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion; R. Esposito, et al. Weak Coupling Limit; L.J. Landau. Limit Laws for Recurrence Times in Expanding Maps of an Interval; P. Collet. Stochastic Geometric Aspects of Some Quantum Spin Chains; B. Nachtergaele. The Species Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process; E.R. Speer. How to Reconstruct a Heat Bath; B. Kümmerer. Interacting Particle Systems on Non-Commutative Spaces; T. Matsui. Non-Self-Averaging Effects in Sums of Random Variables, Spin Glasses, Random Maps, and Random Walks; B. Derrida. Quantum Adiabatic Evolution; A. Joye, C.E. Pfister. 48 additional articles. Index.

Cell Colonies: Fractal Growth and Morphological Change in Bacterial Colony Formation; M. Matsushita, et al. Surfaces and Interfaces: Dynamic Scaling in Surface Growth Phenomena; F. Family. Diffusion Limited Aggregation, Viscous Fingering and Fracture: Ionic Concentration and Electric Field in Fractal Electrodeposition; M. Rosso, et al. Cellular Patterns: 2D Manifolds Arising from Local Interactions; H. Terrones, et al. Dynamical Systems: Order, Pattern Selection, and Noise in Low-Dimensional Systems; M. San Miguel. Self-Replication: Molecular Quasi-Species in Hopfield Replication Landscapes; P. Tarazona. Self-Organization: Effects of Noise on Self-Organized Critical Phenomena; A. Diaz-Guilera. Measurement and Characterization: The Practical Measurement of Fractal Parameters; E.H. Dooijes, Z.R. Struzik. 36 additional articles. Index.

The Theory of High-Tc Superconductivity (P.W. Anderson). Holes in the Quantum Antiferromagner (A. Auerbach, B.E. Larson). Slave Boson Approach to the One Dimensional tJ Model (T.K. Lee, Z. Wang). Universality of Behavior of Electrons on a Ring (F.V. Kusmartsev). Vector Mean Field Theory of Statistics (M.D. Johnson et al.). Superconducting and Magnetic Phase Boundaries in Doped Cu-Based Superconducting Oxides (Y. Gao et al.). Infrared Properties (Z. Schlesinger et al.). On Transport Properties of HTSC Oxides (M. Affronte, D. Pavuna). A Unified Approach to a Description of the Cuprate Superconductors (V.Z. Kresin et al.). ElectronHole Asymmetry (J.E. Hirsch). Properties and Superconductivity of Large Bipolarons (D. Emin). Topological Effects in Disordered Phase of Two-Dimensional Magnet (A.M. Tsvelik, M. Yu. Reizer). Current Status of Fermi Liquid Based Approaches to the Cuprates (K. Levin et al.). 55 additional articles. Index.

This monograph consists of the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation, held in College Station, Texas, March 14-19, 1993. It contains an introductory chapter authored by Professors D. H. R. Barton and D. T. Sawyer, and twenty-nine chapters describing presentations by the plenary lecturers and invited speakers. One of the invited speakers, who could not submit a manuscript for reasons beyond his control, is represented by an abstract of his lecture. Also included are abstracts of forty-seven posters contributed by participants in the symposium. Readers who may wish to know more about the subjects presented in abstract form are invited to communicate directly with the authors of the abstracts. This is the fifth international symposium that has been held on this subject. The first was hosted by the CNRS, May 21-29, 1979, in Bendor, France (on the Island of Bandol). The second meeting was organized as a NATO workshop in Padova, Italy, June 24-27, 1984. This was followed by a meeting in Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-16, 1987. The fourth symposium was held at Balatonfured, Hungary, September 10-14, 1990. The sixth meeting is scheduled to take place in Delft, The Netherlands (late Spring, 1996); the organizer and host will be Professor R. A. Sheldon.

Principles and Practice of Clinimetrics in Epilepsy; A.R. Feinstein. Statistical Aspects of the Measurement of Clinical Care in Epilepsy; A.L. Johnson. Seizure Frequency as Treatment Effect Parameter; M.W. Lammers, H. Meinardi. Seizure Severity as Treatment Effect Parameter; C. Viteri, J.M. MartínezLage. Quatitative Approaches to Seizure Severity; J.A. Cramer, R.H. Mattson. Health Status in Epilepsy Care; A. Kazis, S. Bostantjopoulou. Drug Choice and Replacement; D.G.A. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité. Individualization of Antiepileptic Drug Therapy; Y.A. Hekster, et al. On the Reporting of Adverse Drug Effects; M.W. Lammers, H. Meinardi. Quatitative Assessment of Adverse Drug Effects; R.H. Mattson, J.A. Cramer. Conventional and Clinimetric Approaches to Individualization of Anitepileptic Drug Therapy; J.S. Duncan. Psychosocial Consequences of Epilepsy; J. Vermeulen, R. Canger. 9 additional articles. Index.

Glycoprotein Analysis: A Review of the Biological Significance of Carbohydrates on Glycoproteins and Methods for Their Analysis; R. Dennis The Different FACES of Diseases; J. Klock, C.M. Starr The Glycosyltransferases: Control and Function of Complextype Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Variants of the LAcNAc Pathway; D.H. van den Eijnden, et al. The Regulation of Cell and Tissuespecific Expression of Glycans by Glycosyltransferases; A. Dinter, E.G. Berger Oligosaccharides and Biological Function: Olinked Nacetylglucosamine: The 'YinYang' of Ser/Thr Phosphorylation? G.W. Hart, et al. Heparan Sulphate and Protein Recognition: Binding Specificies and Activation Mechanisms; J.T. Gallagher Glycosylation and Disease: An Introduction to Glycosylation and Rheumatic Disease: What Is the Current State of Play? J.S. Axford, A. Alavi Abnormalities in the Glycosylation of IgG-Its Clinical Utility; D.A. Isenberg Carbohydrates and Therapeutics: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Oligosaccharide Libraries; Y. Ding, et al. In vivo Targeting Function of Nlinked Oligosaccharides; K.G. Rice, et al. 23 additional articles. Index.

Mammary Development: Growth and Growth Factors: The Environment of the Mammary Secretory Cell (C.H. Knight). Role of Bovine Placental Lactogen in Intercellular Signalling during Mammary Growth and Lactation (R.J. Collier et al.). Expression of Hox Genes in Normal and Neoplastic Mouse Mammary Gland (Y. Friedmann, C.W. Daniel). Apoptosis in Mammary Gland Involution: Isolation and Characterization of Apoptosisspecific Genes (W. Bielke et al.). Mammary Development: Differentiation and Gene Expression: Extracellular Matrix Dependent Gene Regulation in Mammary Epithelial Cells (C. Schmidhauser et al.). Regulation of Milk Secretion and Composition by Growth Hormone and Prolactin (D.J. Flint). Basement Membrane in the Control of Mammary Gland Function (C.H. Streuli). Heterogeneous Expression and Synthesis of Human Serum Albumin in the Mammary Gland of Transgenic Mice (I. Barash et al). Milk Secretion: Autocrine Control of Milk Secretion: Development of the Concept (M. Peaker). Endocrine and Autocrine Strategies for the Control of Lactation in Women and Sows (P.E. Hartmann et al.). Autocrine Control of Milk Secretion: From Concept to Application (C.J. Wilde et al.). A Role for Mediumchain Fatty Acids in the Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Milk Stasis? (D.H. Williamson et al.). 41 additional articles. Appendix. Index.

T-Cell/Macrophage Activation and HIV Infection.- 1. CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocyte Activation in HIV Infection: Implications for Immune Pathogenesis and Therapy.- 2. Markers of Immune Cell Activation and Disease Progression: Cell Activation in HIV Disease.- 3. The Role of the Cell Cycle in HIV-1 Infection.- 4. Molecular Basis of Cell Cycle Dependent HIV-1 Replication: Implications for Control of Virus Burden.- 5. Regulation of Macrophage Activation and HIV Replication.- 6. Investigations on Autologous T-Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy of AIDS.- 7. Rational Problems Associated with the Development of Cellular Approaches in Controlling HIV Spread.- Apoptosis and Viropathogenesis of HIV Disease.- 8. The Role of Surface CD4 in HIV-Induced Apoptosis.- 9. Mechanism of Apoptosis in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of HIV-Infected Patients.- 10. Programmed Death of T Cells in the Course of HIV Infection.- 11. T Cell Apoptosis as a Consequence of Chronic Activation of the Immune System in HIV Infection.- 12. Apoptosis during HIV Infection: A Cytopathic Effect of HIV or an Important Host-Defense Mechanism against Viruses in General?.- Apoptosis and Immunopathogenesis of HIV Disease.- 13. From Cell Activation to Cell Depletion: The Programmed Cell Death Hypothesis of AIDS Pathogenesis.- 14. Immunosuppression by a Noncytolytic Virus Via T Cell Mediated Immunopathology: Implication for AIDS.- 15. Clonal Expansion of T Cells and HIV Genotypes in Microdissected Splenic White Pulps Indicates Viral Replication in Situ and Infiltration of HIV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.- 16. Autoimmunity, Apoptosis Defects, and Retroviruses.- 17. AIDS as Immune System Activation: Key Questions that Remain.- Mediators of T-Cell Activation/Apoptosis and Therapeutic Applications.- 18. Inhibition of T Lymphocyte Activation and Apoptotic Cell Death by Cyclosporin A and Tacrolimus (FK506): Its Relevance to Therapy of HIV Infection.- 19. Cyclophilin and Gag in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenesis.- 20. Long-Term Follow-up of HIV Positive Asymptomatic Patients Having Received Cyclosporin A.- 21. Prospective Views of HIV Pathology: Clues for Therapeutic Strategies.

Reports on research into how the nervous system controls muscles and movement from crustaceans to humans. Covers the broad areas of afferent mechanisms, proprioception, reflexes, locomotion, development, cerebellar mechanism, and comparative studies; and discusses such details as the quantitative as

Animal Models of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Hyperammonemia.- Brain Metabolism in Encephalopathy Caused by Hyperammonemia.- In Vivo Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Hepatic Encephalopathy.- Role of the Cellular Hydration State for Cellular Function: Physiological and Pathophysiological Aspects.- Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions in Hyperammonemia and Hepatic Encephalopathy.- Spinal Seizures in Ammonia Intoxication.- Molecular Mechanism of Acute Ammonia Toxicity and of its Prevention by L-Carnitine.- Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy: a Disorder of Multiple Neurotransmitter Systems.- The GABA Hypothesis: State of the Art.- Neuropharmacologic Modulation of Hepatic Encephalopathy: Experimental and Clinical Data.- S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Synthetase and Methionine Metabolism Deficiencies in Cirrhosis.- Diagnosis and Therapy of Hepatic Encephalopathy.- Neomycin Reduces the Intestinal Production of Ammonia from Glutamine.- N-Acetylglutamate Synthetase (NAGS) Deficiency.- Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency: A Model for Gene Therapy.- Retroviral Gene Transfer for LDL Receptor Deficiency into Primary Hepatocytes.- The Carnitine System: Recent Aspects.- Use of Hepatocyte Cultures for Liver Support Bioreactors.- Hepatitis C Viral infection after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation.- Exercise-Induced Hyperammonemia: Skeletal Muscle Ammonia Metabolism and the Peripheral and Central Effects.- Possible Role of Ammonia in the Brain in Dementia of Alzheimer Type.- Contributors.

Analysis by In Situ Hybridization of Cytokine mRNAS Expression in Thymic Nurse Cells.- Genetic Expression of the C-CBL Proto-Oncogene in Human Thymocytes.- Production and Selection of B Lymphocytes in Bone Marrow: Lymphostromal Interactions and Apoptosis in Normal, Mutant and Transgenic Mice.- Thymic Neuroendocrine Self Peptides and T Cell Selection.- Human Fetal Liver Cells Differentiate into Thymocytes in Chimeric Mouse Fetal Thymus Organ Culture.- Towards Identification of Memory B Cells in Human Tonsils.- Prolonged IL-4 Treatment Decreases the TNP-Specific Memory Formation for IgG1.- Selection of Anti-Arsonate Idiotype (CRIA) in A/J Mice by the Immune Network.- The Life History and Functional Roles of Accessory Cells.- The Role of Macrophages in Regeneration of Splenic Tissue after Autologous Transplantation in Rat.- In Vivo Antigen Presentation Capacity of Dendritic Cells from Oral Mucosa and Skin Draining Lymph Nodes.- Liposome Mediated Modulation of Macrophage Functions.- In Vivo gp39-CD40 Interactions Occur in the Non-Follicular Compartments of the Spleen and Are Essential for Thymus Dependent Antibody Responses and Germinal Center Formation.- The Role of Dendritic Cells in the Uptake and Presentation of Oral Antigens.- Blockage of Thymic Medullary Epithelial Cell Activation: In Vivo Consequences.- Half-Lives of Antigen/MHC Class II Complexes Differ between Distinct Organ Microenvironments.- Regulation of Neural and Peripheral Cytokine Production by Benzodiazepines and Endogenous Anxiogenic Peptides.- Could ACTH be of Prime Importance in Rapidly Altering the Thymocyte Composition in the Thymus?.- Adrenergic and Cholinergic Regulation of Apoptosis and Differentiation of Thymic Lymphocytes.- Autoimmune lpr and gld Mice: Models of Abnormal Adhesion Molecule Regulation and Defective Lymphocyte Traffic.- Vascular Addressin Expression in Peyer's Patches: An in Vivo Study of Site-Associated Regulation.- Domain 5 of the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Is Involved in Adhesion of B-Cells and Follicular Dendritic Cells.- Modifications of the Expression of Homing and Adhesion Molecules in Infiltrated Islets of Langerhans in Nod Mice.- Characterization of Giant Perivascular Spaces in the Thymus of the Nonobese Diabetic Mouse.- Adhesion Molecule PECAM-1/CD31 Is Expressed on Defined Subsets of Murine LAK Cells.- Intrathymic Gap Junction-Mediated Communication.- Complement and Antibody Enhance Binding and Uptake of HIV-1 by Bone Marrow Cells.- Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDC) Are Not Productively Infected with HIV-1 in Vivo.- Lymph Node Pathology in Experimental FIV Infection.- Lymphocyte Lifespan in Murine Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency.- Analysis of HIV Infections in Human Macrophage-Like Cell Lines.- The Pivotal Role of the Immunoglobulin Receptor of Tumor Cells from B Cell Lymphomas of Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT).- TNF?- Is Involved in the Mechanism of Murine Thymic Lymphoma Prevention by Bone Marrow Grafting.- Analysis of Germinal Centres in the Immune Response to Oxazolone.- Cytokine Responsiveness of Germinal Center B Cells.- The Differences in Survival and Phenotype between Centroblasts and Centrocytes.- In Vivo Localisation Patterns and Cell-Cell Interactions of Cytokine Producing T-Cells and Specific Antibody Forming B-Cells.- DHEAS Enhances Germinal Center Responses in Old Mice.- Cellular Origin of Follicular Dendritic Cells.- Germinal Centers Develop at Predilicted Sites in the Chicken Spleen.- Expression and Function of DRC-1 Antigen.- The Appendix Functions as a Mammalian Bursal Equivalent in the Developing Rabbit.- Development of Components of the Mucosal Immune System in SCID Recipient Mice.- Many Newly Formed T Lymphocytes Leave the Small Intestinal Mucosa via Lymphatics.- Analysis of IgA-Producing Hybridomas Derived from Peritoneal Bl Cells.- Modulation of the Neonatal IgA Response to Enteric Antigens by Maternal Antibody.- Antibody-Forming Cells (AFCs) in the Lung Lymphoid Tissue afte...

Can Computational Science Keep Up with Evolving Technology for Genome Mapping and Sequencing? (C.R. Cantor). Informatics and Experiments for the Human Genome Project (H. Lehrach et al.). Date Management Tools for Scientific Applications (V.M. Markowitz). The ACEDB Genome Database (R. Durbin, UJ. ThierryMieg). The Integrated Genomic Database (O. Ritter). Genetic Mapping (J. Beckmann). Representing Genomic Maps in a Relational Database (R.J. Robbins). Livermore's Pragmatic Approach to Integrated Mapping for Chromosome 19 (T. Slezak et al.). Searching Protein Sequence Databases (W.R. Pearson). Algorithmic Advances for Searching Biosequence Databases (E.W. Myers). Pattern Recognition in Genomic and Protein Sequences (J.G. Reich). New Algorithms for the Computation of Evolutionary Phylogenetic Trees (G.H. Gonnet). Modelling Protein Structure from Remote Sequence Similarity (W.R. Taylor). Genetic Algorithms in Protein Structure Prediction (F. Herrmann, S. Suhai). Statistical Models of Chromosome Evolution (M.J. Bishop). Deciphering the Genetic Message (C. Frontali). Index.

Symposium Presentations.- Chemotactic and Inflammatory Cytokines: CXC and CC Proteins.- Induction of Chemotactic Cytokines by Minimally Oxidized LDL.- The Immunopathology of Chemotactic Cytokines.- Receptor/ligand Interactions in the C-C Chemokine Family.- Adhesion Molecules in Acute and Chronic Lung Inflammation.- Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1): Signal Transduction and Involvement in the Regulation of Macrophage Traffic in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues.- Secretion of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) by Human Mononuclear Phagocytes.- L-arginine/nitric Oxide Pathway: A Possible Signal Transduction Mechanism for the Regulation of the Chemokine IL-8 in Human Mesangial Cells.- Some Aspects of NAP-1/IL-8 Pathophysiology II: Chemokine Secretion by Exocrine Glands.- Molecular Mechanisms of Interleukin-8 Gene Expression.- Basophil Activation by Members of the Chemokine Superfamily.- Monocyte Chemotactic Proteins Related to Human MCP-1.- Platelets Secrete an Eosinophil-chemotactic Cytokine which is a Member of the CC Chemokine Family.- Neutrophil-activating Peptide ENA-78.- The Effects of Human Recombinant MIP-1?, MIP-1? and RANTES on the Chemotaxis and Adhesion of T Cell Subsets.- Promiscuity of Ligand Binding in the Human Chemokine Beta Receptor Family.- Structural and Functional Characterization of the Interleukin-8 Receptors.- Elucidation of Structure Function Relationships in the IL-8 Family by X-ray Crystallography.- Overview of Chemokines.- Abstracts.- Regulation of Cytokine Secretion by Poxvirus Encoded Proteins.- Interleukin-8 Expression in Gastric Cancer.- Synergistic IL-8 Synthesis by Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells (HPMC) Following IL-1? and TNF? Treatment.- Detection of a Potent Chemotactic Activity in Supernatants from Human Monocytes Stimulated with Endothelin-1.- Glioblastoma Secrete MCP-1, a Monocyte Chemotactic Factor.- Neutrophil Chemotactic Activity in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Asthmatics.- The Chemoattractant Properties of Interleukin-4.- IL-8 Induced Chemotaxis of Peripheral Neutrophils in Children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF).- Unusual Properties in Vitro and in Vivo of 198, an Antibody that Recognizes Rabbit CD11b.- Effect of Monocyte Chemotactic Cytokine Gene Transfer on Macrophage Infiltration, Growth and Metastatic Behaviour of a Murine Melanoma.- Expression of Monocyte Protein 1 (MCP-1) by Monocytes and Endothelial Cells Exposed to Thrombin.- IL-8 Production During Urinary Tract Infections.- NAP-1/IL-8 Receptor Expression on Human Neutrophils.- Macrophage-derived Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor (MNCF) Induces Neutrophil Migration Through Lectin-like Activity.- Interleukin-8 Release from Human PMN is Modified by Airborne Particulated Matter.- Interleukin-8 Induces the Expression of HLA-DR Antigen on Human Keratinocytes.- Cloning, Sequencing and Expression of Ovine Neutrophil-attractant Protein-1/IL-8 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1.- Inhibition of LPS-mediated Responses in Human Whole Blood by Recombinant Bactericidal/Permeability Increasing Protein.- The Activity of IL-8 in Combination with GMCSF and TNF?.- Induction of IL-8 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.- Elevated Circulating and Tissue IL-8 in Alcoholic Hepatitis.- Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Basal Keratinocytes of Psoriatic Lesions.- IL-8 Concentration in ?-Thalassaemia and after Bone Marrow Transplantation.- Cytokine Production in Felty's Syndrome.- The Lymphocyte Attractant Effects of Interleukins la and 8 Are Not Due to the Release of a Secondary Chemoattractant Factor.- Serial Changes in Circulating Interleukin-8 and Neutrophil Elastase After Major Surgery.- Role of Interleukin-8 in the Pathogenesis of Neutrophil-mediated Acute Lung Injury.- Interleukin-8 in Severe Meningococcal Infections: Correlation with Severity of Disease.- IL-6 and IL-8 Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Plasma Interleukin 8 Levels in Patients with Septic Shock.- Inhibitory Effect of Protease-inhibitor for P...

Regulators of the Cell Cycle: Protein Phosphorylation and the Regulation of Key Events in Oocyte and Egg Cell Cycles; J.L. Maller. Control of Cell Proliferation: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinases 1,2, and 3; D.J. Robbins, et al. Cell Cycle Control of Gene Expression and Repair: Histone Gene Transcription During the Cell Cycle; F. LaBella, et al. Mitosis: Induction and Mechanics: The Localization of Human Cyclins and CDKs in the Cell Cycle; J. Pines. Cell Cycle Regulation in Development: Cell Proliferation as a Biomarker of Age and Development; M.H. Lu, et al. Roll of the Cell Cycle in Disease: Molecules of Deregulated Cell Cycle Control in Cancer; A.B. Pardee, et al. Clinical Applications: The Involvement of the Cell Cycle in Apoptosis; A. Eastman, et al. 41 additional articles. Index.

Control of Urea Synthesis and Ammonia Detoxification.- Brain Metabolism in Hepatic Encephalopathy and Hyperammonemia.- Ammonia Metabolism in Mammals: Interorgan Relationship.- Clinical Manifestations and Therapy of Hepatic Encephalopathy.- Nutritional Considerations in Patients with Hepatic Failure.- Do Benzodiazepine Ligands Contribute to Hepatic Encephalopathy?.- Effects of Hyperammonemia on Neuronal Function: NH4+, IPSP Cl-Extrusion.- Activation of NMDA Receptor Mediates the Toxicity of Ammonia and the Effects of Ammonia on the Microtubule-Associated Protein MAP-2.- Modulation of the Exocytotic Release of Neurotransmitter Glutamate by Protein Kinase C.- Controls of Cerebral Protein Breakdown.- Two Different Families of NMDA Receptors in Mammalian Brain: Physiological Function and Role in Neuronal Development and Degeneration.- Glanglioside GM1 and its Semisynthetic Lysogangliosides Reduce Glutamate Neurotoxicity by a Novel Mechanism.- Contributors.

Native Fibrin Gel Networks and Factors Influencing their Formation in Health and Disease.- The Structure and Evolution of Vertebrate Fibrinogen: A Comparison of the Lamprey and Mammalian Proteins.- Nucleotide Sequences of the Three Genes Coding for Human Fibrinogen.- On the Identity of Fibrin(ogen) Oligomers Appearing During Fibrin Polymerization.- Immunochemical Studies of A? Chain Crosslinking.- Abnormal Fibrinogens with Two Structural Defects.- Electrophoretic Characterizations of Cross-Linked Fibrinogen Derivatives in Blood and Vascular Tissue by Zonal Immobilization on Glyoxyl Agarose.- Studies on the Localization and Accessibility of Sites in Fibrin which Are Involved in the Acceleration of the Activation of Plasminogen by Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator.- Prothrombinase: Recognition and Developments.- The Initiation of the Tissue Factor Dependent Pathway of Blood Coagulation.- Interactions Between the Contact System, Neutrophils and Fibrinogen.- A New Trisaccharide Sugar Chain Linked to a Serine Residue in the First EGF-Like Domain of Clotting Factors VII and IX and Protein Z.- Multiple Epitope Specificity of Monoclonal Antibodies to a Single Synthetic Peptide: Use in the Characterization of the GP lIb-IIIa Binding Domain of von Willebrand Factor.- Factor VII and Dietary Fat Intake.- Characterization of Snake Venom Principles Affecting Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation.- Thrombin-Like Venom Enzymes: Structure and Function.- Thrombin Inhibition by Synthetic Hirudin Peptides.- Effects of Structural Modifications on the Properties of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA).- Molecular Genetics of Alpha 2 Plasmin Inhibitor.- Biological Properties of Hybrid Plasminogen Activators.- The Regulation of the Activaton of the Fibrinolysis System.- The Mechanisms of the Activation of Plasminogen by Streptokinase and Urokinase.- Protein C and Fibrinolysis: A Link Between Coagulation and Fibrinolysis.- Transformation of Prostacyclin (PGI2) to a Biologically Active Metabolite: 5(6)-Oxido-PGI1 by Cytochrome P450-Dependent Epoxygenase.- Studies on the Localization of Fibrinogen Binding Sites on Platelet Glycoprotein IIIa.- Affinity Labeling of Nucleotide Binding Sites of Enzymes and Platelets.- The Effect of Ganodermic Acid S on Human Platelets.- Role of Insulin Receptors in the Expression of Prostaglandin E1 Binding Activity in Platelets.- Platelet-Fibrin Interaction in the Suspension and Under Flow Conditions.- An Independent Haemostatic Mechanism: Shear Induced Platelet Aggregation.- Regulation of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis in Endothelial Cells: Critical Role of De Novo Synthesis of Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase.- Modulation of Endothelial Function by Hypoxia: Perturbation of Barrier and Anticoagulant Function, and Induction of a Novel Factor X Activator.- Fibrin and the Vessel Wall.- Interactions between Fibrin, Collagen and Endothelial Cells in Angiogenesis.- New Developments in Thrombolytic Therapy.- Coronary Thrombosis: Pathogenesis and Prevention.- Implications of the TIMI Trials.- Thrombotic Microangiopathy.- Clinical Trials with Alteplase (RT-pa) in Acute Myocardial Infarction.- The Effects of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator on Left Ventricular Function.- Modern Strategies for Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Significance of Haemostaseological and Rheological Findings.- Clinical Application of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction.- Fibrinogen Proteolysis and Coagulation System Activation During Thrombolytic Therapy.- Altered Rheological Properties of Blood Following Administrations of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Streptokinase in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.- Monoclonal Antibodies for the Detection of Thrombosis.- The Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology of Defibrotide: A New Profibrinolytic, Antithrombotic, and Anti-Platelet Substance.- Author Index.