Bøger i IOP ebooks serien

Zero-dimensional nanomaterials exhibit unique properties, including high chemiluminescence and photoluminescence, due to their excellent quantum and edge confinement effects. This book covers the latest advances in the field, with a focus on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which have attracted significant interest due to the tunable emission of CQDs and the brilliant optical and electrochemical properties of GQDs.As these materials gain in popularity and as new findings are reported every day, this reference text brings together the most recent data, making it the first of its kind to support researchers in this rapidly developing field. Fundamentals, properties and synthesis methods are covered in detail, particularly photophysical and electrical properties, targeting researchers'' attention on various synthesis methods and enabling them to design more useful applications. Exploring potential applications in cancer diagnosis, bioimaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering, as well as the use of materials as sensors for detecting environmental pollutants, the book provides a comprehensive reference for researchers, postgraduates and industry practitioners researching zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials and their applications.KEY FEATURES: Presents the latest advances in the field of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, with a focus on carbon quantum dots and graphene quantum dotsCovers fundamentals, properties and synthesis methodsExplores applications in detailCovers applications including sensors, cancer diagnosis, bioimaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering

Motivated by a renewed interest in impurity transport in nuclear fusion research, this reference text covers the diagnostics, experimental approach, and results of recent impurity transport studies in tokamak and helical plasmas. It also covers the impurity transport parallel to the magnetic field in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and the impact of magnetic topology on impurity transport. Topics covered include an introduction to impurity transport; the diagnostics system with passive and active spectroscopy; impurity transport across magnetic flux surfaces; the effect of magnetic topology; and the control of impurity transport using electron cyclotron resonance heating and ion cyclotron resonance heating. With few books available on impurity transport in plasmas, this book would appeal to academic researchers and graduate students on the field of plasma physics and nuclear fusion research.Key FeaturesDescribes recent developments in diagnostics for impurity transportCovers recent developments of an experimental approach for impurity transport studyProvides a comprehensive understanding of impurity transport in different magnetic configurationsCovers a new area of impurity transport experiment including the effect of magnetic topologyWritten by high-profile authors

This comprehensive introductory book on optical sensors provides an overview of essential principles used in optics. Its primary aim is to support students and professionals in developing a practical understanding, accomplished through a dedicated lab section that facilitates hands-on experience and further exploration of the covered theories.

An introductory book for graduate students and researchers in transformation optics and metasurfaces. Including practical guidance, this book will allow those new to the subject to immediately commence working in this exciting research area. In order to carry out the numerous examples in the book, it comes with full-wave simulation code.

Spectroscopic techniques have potential applications in many different fields. This book presents a general overview of different spectroscopic techniques and explores how they might be used for dentistry applications. With a general introduction to different techniques, the book discusses a wide range of spectroscopy techniques, with individual chapters focusing on specific techniques important to dentistry applications. Such techniques include Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The book also covers molecular spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Mid-infrared Spectroscopy. This book is suitable for Professionals and researchers in academia and Industry, as well as advanced students involved with EPR Spectroscopy and dentistry.Key Features:The book highlights different spectroscopic techniques for dentistry applications.Each chapter includes a brief review followed by recent trends.Individual chapter content will be designed to address the needs of technicians in addition to researchers.  

An exploration of climate challenges and near possible solution to improve yield, this edited book entitled "Molecular Response and Genetic Engineering for Stress in Plants, Volume 1: Abiotic stress" comprehensively and coherently reviews the different abiotic stress response mechanisms in plants with respect to the various aspects of rapidly growing omics techniques like genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and strategies through genetic engineering and molecular breeding for crop improvement. It provides a detailed examination of how genes and metabolites are modulated in plants in response to various stresses. The first volume covers the various abiotic stress response mechanisms in plants in the view of climate change and global food security. Key Features: This book explains the different molecular mechanisms and genetic engineering strategies which have been developed and adopted to cope with consistent environmental changes and global climate change.It explores the latest developments concerning abiotic stress response at the molecular level for the improvement of crop quality and sustainable agriculture.It presents an exploration of the challenges and conceivable solutions to improve yields of the staple of food crops using data on agricultural sciences and omics technology.It discovers how the better understanding of molecular mechanisms of plant response to different stress would be used to improve the quantitative and qualitative features of crop plants and allied areas.At the end-of-chapter, there is an inclusion of problems and their solutions related to the respective chapter.

A survival manual detailing computing research procedure including problem formulation, dataset sources, methodologies, systematic literature review, ethics, trending topics, academic databases and tips for journal publications, all from the perspective of computing.

As the field of network science has dramatically expanded, researchers have discovered that many networked systems no longer operate in isolation. For example, communications systems often depend on the power-grid to be operational. As our world becomes more and more interconnected and interdependent due to modern technologies, the interactions between networks have taken on increasing importance. In this book, several of the founders and leading researchers in interactions between networks present the key findings in the field, including the possibility of cascading failures between systems, and provide a framework and methods for analyzing 'networks of networks.This book is an excellent introductory resource for scientists and graduate students in the field of complex networks in various disciplines.Key Features: Introduces the basic concepts in the developing field of networks of networksReviews fundamental features and new propertiesSpecial focus on novel features and methods in interdependent networksExtensive references to the primary literatureA broad review for an interdisciplinary academic audience, but suitable as graduate course text.

This book represents a summary of "Emerging Trends in Electrochemical Sensors based on Carbon composite materials & its Applications", and assessment of most significant biological and hazardous molecules.

This second edition expands on the introduction to the concept of symmetries in electromagnetism and explicit symmetry breaking. It addresses some of the recent developments in the field of radiation from magneto-electric materials and ferroelectric materials and correlate them to the nature of symmetries in physical systems.

This reference text explores the functional aspects of different nanostructured materials and their corresponding engineering applications. It demonstrates how nanostructured materials, and their device applications are linked, providing a vital bridge between the research and realisation of the technology.

This book introduces the basic concepts of electromechanical energy conversion through active learning. It is a valuable textbook for undergraduate students in energy conversion and offers a simplified reference for professionals.

The study of Condensed Matter Physics has evolved over the last decade or so. The scope of Modern Condensed Matter Physics has expanded significantly from traditional solid-state physics and has become a highly interdisciplinary field of research.This book connects modern experimental discoveries with theoretical and fundamental concepts. It introduces the interacting and non-interacting aspects of fermionic systems and the role of topology and symmetry in understanding material properties.The text emphasizes quantum Hall effect, topological insulators and how the discovery of graphene has incited brilliant ideas in both fundamental and applied aspects. The role of interactions is discussed to explain topics including Magnetism and Superconductivity. Topics such as Bose Einstein condensation and superfluid properties of atomic systems in optical lattices are also a key feature of the text. The book offers something different to the field due to the range of topics covered in a pedagogical way for students.Key FeaturesProvides a modern perspective of condensed matter physicsAims to be understandable for studentsProvides significant pedagogical content in the form of derivations and illustrationsPresents advanced topics in a pedagogical manner

Biometrics use an individual's unique biological identifiers to verify his or her identity. The present technological evolution has allowed the use of biometrics in many diverse environments, and we are therefore at higher risk of spoofing attacks from fraudsters and hackers. This book discusses anti-spoofing techniques in detail. For each anti-spoofing technology, different experimental configurations, processing strategies, scope for generalization, advantages and limitations are detailed. The book also considers applicability of artificial intelligence techniques for automated biometric spoof detection, and future scope of research in this direction. MATLAB and PYTHON codes for few anti-spoofing schemes are also provided to further the reader's understanding.Key Features: Consolidated approach includes most prevalent spoofing and anti-spoofing strategies.Includes both hardware and software-based approaches to anti-spoofing technologiesFeatures Artificial Intelligence methodsReviews patentsAccompanied by MATLAB and PYTHON codes

This first volume of 'The Physics of Sound and Music: A complete course text' is a textbook providing a complete resource to accompany undergraduate courses on the physics of sound and music. It contains all the material needed for a one semester, 14 week, four-credit hour-long course, and is supplemented by the lab manual in volume two of this two-volume set.

The biological evaluation of materials involves the characterisation of materials using biological methods. At present, new materials are typically characterised using physicochemical methods. Such approaches don't account for the interactions that materials have with living organisms in their environment. This reference text covers the emerging field of materiomics: the holistic study of material function and behaviour using both physicochemical and biological methods.The book presents a comprehensive strategy for the identification, characterisation and grouping of nanomaterials[BWI1] [BWI2] using biological methods. The focus is on methods from molecular biology, and complementary methods derived from quantum physics. The work discusses the interaction of materials with their environment, the field of materiomics, the biological recognition of materials, and the quantum basis of materials recognition by cells. The discussion of quantum mechanisms enables a deeper understanding of the interaction of biological objects with materials.The key audience for this book includes researchers involved in the characterisation of materials, particularly biomaterials researchers and those interested in the interaction of materials science and the life sciences. The book will also be a valuable reference for postgraduate students and practitioners working in the fields of materials characterisation and biomaterials.Key Features: Presents a comprehensive strategy for the identification, characterisation and grouping of nanomaterials using molecular biology, and complementary methods derived from quantum physicsProvides coverage of the emerging field of materiomicsFollows an interdisciplinary approach and does not require advanced understanding of mathematicsHighly useful to all researchers involved in characterising new materials, particularly biomaterials researchers and those interested in the interaction of materials science and the life sciences

This monograph introduces several recently developed and applied analytical-based theoretical approaches and practical techniques for uncertainty evaluation and probabilistic design optimisation for the robustness and reliability of technical systems of various complexity and applications. This is enhanced by the inclusion of relevant real-world case studies.The book will be useful for researchers, engineers, and designers of complex, multi-parameter technical systems that must guarantee a specified level of functional reliability. It presents several real-world case studies helping to comprehend in detail the developed techniques and their benefits. In addition, it offers free access to the online toolboxes developed by the authors to support the calculation of uncertainties and guides the readers on the practical use of such tools.Key Features: Cohesively combines three important research, development, and real-world engineering practice areas (i) uncertainty and its evaluation, propagation, modelling, etc., and, (ii) complex technical systems design optimisation involving advanced probabilistic theories, techniques, and tools, and (iii) development of such theoriesThis is arguably the first monograph systematically and comprehensively presenting the new area of moment-based uncertainty propagation and its practical applications.The book offers a significant volume of additional explanations, guidelines and tools enabling the readers to utilise the presented material in their research, design, and engineering practice.It provides free access to developed application-specific online tools and benchmark test distributions for expanded uncertainty.The practical application section of the monograph presents several real-world case study solutions.

Hailed as the wonder material of the 21st century, graphene presents a range of possibilities in terms of its technological and industrial uses. This reference text provides the latest comprehensive review of the recent advances in graphene-based research and technology.

This reference text provides fundamental knowledge of functional carbon materials ranging from fullerene, carbon dots, carbon fibers and nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, graphyne, diamonds, activated carbon and carbon aerogels. Each chapter. The book explores the properties and structure of each material, providing a discussion of the latest exciting developments in research, and acting as a comprehensive introduction to functional carbon materials.Current research and future challenges are discussed throughout, with a particular focus on the wide-ranging engineering applications of each material. The text also discusses the latest novel carbon types, including graphyne.The key audience for the book includes researchers working on functional carbon materials. It will be particularly valuable for early career researchers looking for an authoritative introduction to the field.Key Features: Provides fundamental knowledge of the wide variety of functional carbon materials, including structure, properties, current research status and future challengesIncludes the wide-ranging engineering applications of each materialCovers fullerene, carbon dots, carbon fibers and nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite, graphyne, diamonds, activated carbon and carbon aerogelsDiscusses novel carbon types such as graphyneProvides an authoritative reference for researchers and those seeking a comprehensive introduction to the field