Bøger i Geophysical Monograph Series serien

Uncertainties are pervasive in natural hazards, and it is crucial to develop robust and meaningful approaches to characterize and communicate uncertainties to inform modeling efforts. In this monograph we provide a broad, cross-disciplinary overview of issues relating to uncertainties faced in natural hazard and risk assessment.

The aurora is the most visible manifestation of the connection of the Earth to the space environment and has inspired awe, curiosity, and scientific inquiry for centuries.

Neotectonics involves the study of the motions and deformations of the Earth's crust that are current or recent in geologic time. The Mediterranean region is one of the most important regions for neotectonics and related natural hazards. This volume focuses on the neotectonics of the Eastern Mediterranean region, which has experienced many major extensive earthquakes, including the devastating Izmit, Turkey earthquake on August 17, 1999. The event lasted for 37 seconds, killing around 17,000 people, injuring 44,000 people, and leaving approximately half a million people homeless. Since then, several North American, European, and Turkish research groups have studied the neotectonics and earthquake potential of the region using different geological and geophysical methods, including GPS studies, geodesy, and passive source seismology. Some results from their studies were presented in major North American and European geological meetings.This volume highlights the work involving the Eastern Mediterranean region, which has one of the world's longest and best studied active strike-slip (horizontal motion) faults: the east-west trending North Anatolian fault zone, which is very similar to the San Andreas fault in California. This volume features discussions of:* Widespread applications in measuring plate motion that have strong implications in predicting natural disasters like earthquakes, both on a regional and a global scale* Recent motions, particularly those produced by earthquakes, that provide insights on the physics of earthquake recurrence, the growth of mountains, orogenic movements, and seismic hazards* Unique methodical approaches in collecting tectonophysical data, including field, seismic, experimental, computer-based, and theoretical approaches.Active Global Seismology is a valuable resource for geoscientists, particularly in the field of tectonophysics, geophysics, geodynamics, seismology, structural geology, environmental geology, and geoengineering.

Global Vegetation Dynamics: Concepts and Applications in MC1 model describes the creation in the mid 1990s, architecture, uses, and limitations of the MC1 dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) that is being used by an increasing number of research groups around the world.

"This works is a co-publication between the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley & Sons, Inc."

"This work is a co-publication between the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc."

The monograph covers the fundamentals and the consequences of extreme geophysical phenomena like asteroid impacts, climatic change, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, flooding, and space weather. This monograph also addresses their associated, local and worldwide socio-economic impacts.

Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field.

Over a half century of exploration of the Earth's space environment, it has become evident that the interaction between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere plays a dominant role in the evolution and dynamics of magnetospheric plasmas and fields. Interestingly, it was recently discovered that this same interaction is of fundamental importance at other planets and moons throughout the solar system. Based on papers presented at an interdisciplinary AGU Chapman Conference at Yosemite National Park in February 2014, this volume provides an intellectual and visual journey through our exploration and discovery of the paradigm-changing role that the ionosphere plays in determining the filling and dynamics of Earth and planetary environments. The 2014 Chapman conference marks the 40th anniversary of the initial magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling conference at Yosemite in 1974, and thus gives a four decade perspective of the progress of space science research in understanding these fundamental coupling processes. Digital video links to an online archive containing both the 1974 and 2014 meetings are presented throughout this volume for use as an historical resource by the international heliophysics and planetary science communities.Topics covered in this volume include:* Ionosphere as a source of magnetospheric plasma* Effects of the low energy ionospheric plasma on the stability and creation of the more energetic plasmas* The unified global modeling of the ionosphere and magnetosphere at the Earth and other planets* New knowledge of these coupled interactions for heliophysicists and planetary scientists, with a cross-disciplinary approach involving advanced measurement and modeling techniquesMagnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling in the Solar System is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of space and planetary science, atmospheric science, space physics, astronomy, and geophysics.Read an interview with the editors to find out more:https://eos.org/editors-vox/filling-earths-space-environment-from-the-sun-or-the-earth

Over a half century of exploration of the Earth s space environment, it has become evident that the interaction between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere plays a dominant role in the evolution and dynamics of magnetospheric plasmas and fields.

The latest knowledge on mineral ore genesis and the exploration of ore depositsGlobal demand for metals has risen considerably over the past decade. Geologists are developing new approaches for studying ore deposits and discovering new sources. Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation is a compilation of diverse case studies on new prospects in ore deposit geology including atypical examples of mineral deposits and new methods for ore exploration.Volume highlights include:* Presentation of the latest research on a range of ore deposit types* Application of ore deposits to multiple areas of geology and geophysical exploration* Emphasis on diverse methods and tools for the study of ore deposits* Useful case studies for geologists in both academia and industryOre Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation is a valuable resource for economic geologists, mineralogists, petrologists, geochemists, mining engineers, research professionals, and advanced students in relevant areas of academic study.Read an interview with the editors to find out more:https://eos.org/editors-vox/developments-in-the-continuing-search-for-new-mineral-deposits

Water, energy and food are key resources to sustain life, and are the fundamental to national, regional and global economies. These three resources are interlinked in multiple ways, and the term nexus captures the interconnections.

Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments Dawn-dusk asymmetries are ubiquitous features of the plasma environment of many of the planets in our solar system. They occur when a particular process or feature is more pronounced at one side of a planet than the other.

Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the Earth. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture. This volume examines questions such as: What are the dynamic processes recorded in fault gouge? What can we learn about rupture dynamics from laboratory experiments? How do on-fault and off-fault properties affect seismic ruptures? How do fault zones evolve over time? Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes.

Advances in theories, methods and applications for shale resource useShale is the dominant rock in the sedimentary record. It is also the subject of increased interest because of the growing contribution of shale oil and gas to energy supplies, as well as the potential use of shale formations for carbon dioxide sequestration and nuclear waste storage.Shale: Subsurface Science and Engineering brings together geoscience and engineering to present the latest models, methods and applications for understanding and exploiting shale formations.Volume highlights include:* Review of current knowledge on shale geology* Latest shale engineering methods such as horizontal drilling* Reservoir management practices for optimized oil and gas field development* Examples of economically and environmentally viable methods of hydrocarbon extraction from shale* Discussion of issues relating to hydraulic fracking, carbon sequestration, and nuclear waste storage

Pre-Earthquake signals are advanced warnings of a larger seismic event. A better understanding of these processes can help to predict the characteristics of the subsequent mainshock. Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies presents the latest research on earthquake forecasting and prediction based on observations and physical modeling in China, Greece, Italy, France, Japan, Russia, Taiwan, and the United States.Volume highlights include:* Describes the earthquake processes and the observed physical signals that precede them* Explores the relationship between pre-earthquake activity and the characteristics of subsequent seismic events* Encompasses physical, atmospheric, geochemical, and historical characteristics of pre-earthquakes* Illustrates thermal infrared, seismo-ionospheric, and other satellite and ground-based pre-earthquake anomalies* Applies these multidisciplinary data to earthquake forecasting and predictionWritten for seismologists, geophysicists, geochemists, physical scientists, students and others, Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies offers an essential resource for understanding the dynamics of pre-earthquake phenomena from an international and multidisciplinary perspective.

Microstructural GeochronologyGeochronology techniques enable the study of geological evolution and environmental change over time. This volume integrates two aspects of geochronology: one based on classical methods of orientation and spatial patterns, and the other on ratios of radioactive isotopes and their decay products.The chapters illustrate how material science techniques are taking this field to the atomic scale, enabling us to image the chemical and structural record of mineral lattice growth and deformation, and sometimes the patterns of radioactive parent and daughter atoms themselves, to generate a microstructural geochronology from some of the most resilient materials in the solar system.* First compilation of research focusing on the crystal structure, material properties, and chemical zoning of the geochronology mineral archive down to nanoscale* Novel comparisons of mineral time archives from different rocky planets and asteroids and their shock metamorphic histories* Fundamentals on how to reconstruct and date radiogenic isotope distributions using atom probe tomographyMicrostructural Geochronology will be a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, and researchers in the fields of petrology, geochronology, mineralogy, geochemistry, planetary geology, astrobiology, chemistry, and material science. It will also appeal to philosophers and historians of science from other disciplines.

Although bioenergy is a renewable energy source, it is not without impact on the environment. Both the cultivation of crops specifically for use as biofuels and the use of agricultural byproducts to generate energy changes the landscape, affects ecosystems, and impacts the climate. Bioenergy and Land Use Change focuses on regional and global assessments of land use change related to bioenergy and the environmental impacts. This interdisciplinary volume provides both high level reviews and in-depth analyses on specific topics. Volume highlights include: Land use change concepts, economics, and modeling Relationships between bioenergy and land use change Impacts on soil carbon, soil health, water quality, and the hydrologic cycle Impacts on natural capital and ecosystem services Effects of bioenergy on direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions Biogeochemical and biogeophysical climate regulation Uncertainties and challenges associated with land use change quantification and environmental impact assessments Bioenergy and Land Use Change is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers, and graduate students from a wide variety of fields including energy, economics, ecology, geography, agricultural science, geoscience, and environmental science.

Ein ausführlicher Praxisleitfaden zu Methoden für die Lösung komplexer Probleme in der Erdöltechnik.In der Erdöltechnik dominieren übergreifende wissenschaftliche und mathematische Prinzipien. Allerdings gibt es immer wieder Lücken zwischen Theorie und praktischer Anwendung. Petroleum Engineering: Principles, Calculations, and Workflows stellt Methoden für die Lösung einer Vielzahl praktischer Probleme in der Erdöltechnik vor. Jedes Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit einer spezifischen Problemstellung, beschreibt Formeln zur Erläuterung der primären Prinzipien dieses Problems und zeigt im Anschluss einfach nachvollziehbare Handreichungen für die praktische Anwendung. Hauptmerkmale dieses Bandes:- Fundierter und integrierter Ansatz für die Lösung inverser Probleme.- Ausführliche Untersuchung der Abläufe, einschließlich Modell- und Parametervalidierung.- Einfache Ansätze für die Lösung komplexer mathematischer Probleme.- Komplexe Berechnungen, die sich mit einfachen Methoden leicht implementieren lassen.- Überblick über wichtige Herangehensweisen, die für die Software- und Anwendungsentwicklung notwendig sind.- Formel- und Modellhandreichungen für die Diagnose, erstmalige Parametermodellierung, Simulation und Regression.Petroleum Engineering: Principles, Calculations, and Workflows ist ein wertvolles Referenzwerk für die Praxis und richtet sich an eine breite Zielgruppe: Geowissenschaftler, Explorationsgeologen und Ingenieure. Dieser zugängliche Leitfaden, ein fundiertes Nachschlagewerk für die Lösung alltäglicher Probleme in der Eröltechnik, eignet sich ebenfalls gut für Studenten im Hauptstudium, Postgraduierte, Berater, Softwareentwickler und Berufspraktiker.

Under the Earth's surface is a rich array of geological resources, many with potential use to humankind. However, extracting and harnessing them comes with enormous uncertainties, high costs, and considerable risks. The valuation of subsurface resources involves assessing discordant factors to produce a decision model that is functional and sustainable. This volume provides real-world examples relating to oilfields, geothermal systems, contaminated sites, and aquifer recharge.Volume highlights include:* A multi-disciplinary treatment of uncertainty quantification* Case studies with actual data that will appeal to methodology developers* A Bayesian evidential learning framework that reduces computation and modeling timeQuantifying Uncertainty in Subsurface Systems is a multidisciplinary volume that brings together five major fields: information science, decision science, geosciences, data science and computer science. It will appeal to both students and practitioners, and be a valuable resource for geoscientists, engineers and applied mathematicians.Read the Editors' Vox: https://eos.org/editors-vox/quantifying-uncertainty-about-earths-resources

Elektrische Ströme spielen für die Struktur und Dynamik von Plasmen im Weltraum, aber auch für den erdnahen Weltraum oder Geospace, eine wichtige Rolle. Dieser Band führt in einem integrierten Ansatz an das Thema elektrischer Ströme heran und bildet deren Phänomene und physikalische Eigenschaften für viele Regionen ab. In einem Werk werden eine Vielzahl von Themen behandelt, mit denen sich die Pioniere auf dem Gebiet der elektrischen Ströme im Weltraum beschäftigen, weiterhin Mess- und Analyseverfahren sowie unzählige Typen elektrischer Ströme.- Seit über einem Jahrzehnt erstmals wieder eine Publikation zu elektrischen Strömen, das einen fundierten und aktuellen Einblick in den derzeitigen Stand der Forschung bietet.- Präsentiert die jüngsten Fortschritte im Hinblick auf Beobachtungen, Simulationen und die Theorie elektrischer Ströme.- Bietet einen vergleichenden Überblick über elektrische Ströme im Weltraum bei verschiedenen Himmelskörpern.Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond ist ein ausgezeichnetes Referenzwerk für Weltraumwissenschaftler, Astronomen und Astrophysiker, die Weltraumplasmen im Sonnensystem untersuchen.

Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries Chemostratigraphy is the study of the chemical characteristics of different rock layers. Decoding this geochemical record across chronostratigraphic boundaries can provide insights into geological history, past climates, and sedimentary processes. Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries presents state-of-the-art applications of chemostratigraphic methods and demonstrates how chemical signatures can decipher past environmental conditions. Volume highlights include: Presents a global perspective on chronostratigraphic boundaries Describes how different proxies can reveal distinct elemental and isotopic events in the geologic past Examines the Archaean-Paleoproterozoic, Proterozoic-Paleozoic, Paleozoic-Mesozoic, and Mesozoic-Cenozoic boundaries Explores cause-and-effect through major, trace, PGE, and REE elemental, stable, and radiogenic isotopes Offers solutions to persistent chemostratigraphic problems on a micro to global scale Geared toward academic and research geoscientists, particularly in the fields of sedimentary petrology, stratigraphy, isotope geology, geochemistry, petroleum geology, atmospheric science, oceanography, climate change and environmental science, Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries offers invaluable insights into environmental evolution and climatic change.

A rigorous mathematical problem-solving framework for analyzing the Earth's energy resourcesGeoEnergy encompasses the range of energy technologies and sources that interact with the geological subsurface. Fossil fuel availability studies have historically lacked concise modeling, tending instead toward heuristics and overly-complex processes. Mathematical GeoEnergy: Oil Discovery, Depletion and Renewal details leading-edge research based on a mathematically-oriented approach to geoenergy analysis.Volume highlights include:* Applies a formal mathematical framework to oil discovery, depletion, and analysis* Employs first-order applied physics modeling, decreasing computational resource requirements* Illustrates model interpolation and extrapolation to fill out missing or indeterminate data* Covers both stochastic and deterministic mathematical processes for historical analysis and prediction* Emphasizes the importance of up-to-date data, accessed through the companion website* Demonstrates the advantages of mathematical modeling over conventional heuristic and empirical approaches* Accurately analyzes the past and predicts the future of geoenergy depletion and renewal using models derived from observed production dataIntuitive mathematical models and readily available algorithms make Mathematical GeoEnergy: Oil Discovery, Depletion and Renewal an insightful and invaluable resource for scientists and engineers using robust statistical and analytical tools applicable to oil discovery, reservoir sizing, dispersion, production models, reserve growth, and more.

An introduction to geomagnetic storms and the hazards they pose at the Earth's surfaceGeomagnetic storms are a type of space weather event that can create Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) which, once they reach Earth's surface, can interfere with power grids and transport infrastructure. Understanding the characteristics and impacts of GICs requires scientific insights from solar physics, magnetospheric physics, aeronomy, and ionospheric physics, as well as geophysics and power engineering.Geomagnetically Induced Currents from the Sun to the Power Grid is a practical introduction for researchers and practitioners that provides tools and techniques from across these disciplines.Volume highlights include:* Analysis of causes of geomagnetic storms that create GICs* Data and methods used to analyze and forecast GIC hazard* GIC impacts on the infrastructure of the bulk power system* Analysis techniques used in different areas of GIC research* New methods to validate and predict GICs in transmission systems

An interdisciplinary study of the Kuroshio nutrient streamThe surface water of the Kuroshio, a western boundary current in the North Pacific Ocean, is nutrient-depleted and has relatively low primary productivity, yet abundant fish populations are supported in the region. This is called the "Kuroshio Paradox".Kuroshio Current: Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics presents research from a multidisciplinary team that conducted observational and modeling studies to investigate this contradiction. This timely and important contribution to the ocean sciences literature provides a comprehensive analysis of the Kuroshio.Volume highlights include:* New insights into the role of the Kuroshio as a nutrient stream* The first interdisciplinary examination of the Kuroshio Paradox* Reflections on the influence of the Kuroshio on Japanese culture* Research results on both the lower and higher trophic levels in the Kuroshio ecosystem* Comparisons of nutrient dynamics in the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream* Predictions of ecosystem responses to future climate variability

A comprehensive handbook on state-of-the-art DAS technology and applicationsDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a technology that records sound and vibration signals along a fiber optic cable. Its advantages of high resolution, continuous, and real-time measurements mean that DAS systems have been rapidly adopted for a range of applications, including hazard mitigation, energy industries, geohydrology, environmental monitoring, and civil engineering.Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics: Methods and Applications presents experiences from both industry and academia on using DAS in a range of geophysical applications.Volume highlights include:* DAS concepts, principles, and measurements* Comprehensive review of the historical development of DAS and related technologies* DAS applications in hydrocarbon, geothermal, and mining industries* DAS applications in seismology* DAS applications in environmental and shallow geophysicsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Methods and techniques for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storageStoring carbon dioxide in underground geological formations is emerging as a promising technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. A range of geophysical techniques can be deployed to remotely track carbon dioxide plumes and monitor changes in the subsurface, which is critical for ensuring for safe, long-term storage.Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage provides a comprehensive review of different geophysical techniques currently in use and being developed, assessing their advantages and limitations.Volume highlights include:* Geodetic and surface monitoring techniques* Subsurface monitoring using seismic techniques* Subsurface monitoring using non-seismic techniques* Case studies of geophysical monitoring at different geologic carbon storage sitesThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

The Space Physics and Aeronomy collection is a five-volume set of books presenting the latest scientific observations, models, and theories. Arranged sequentially, the books examine the Sun and the solar wind, magnetospheres in the Solar system, Earth's ionosphere, Earth's upper atmosphere, and the effects of space weather.Volume 1: Solar Physics and Solar Wind -- A comprehensive view of our Sun at the start of a new era in solar and heliospheric physicsVolume 2: Magnetospheres in the Solar System -- An overview of current knowledge and future research directions in magnetospheric physicsVolume 3: Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications -- A comprehensive review of global ionospheric research from the polar caps to equatorial regionsVolume 4: Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics -- A comprehensive overview of the structure and variability of the upper atmosphereVolume 5: Space Weather Effects and Applications -- Examines how solar and terrestrial space phenomena affect sophisticated technological systemsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief.

Recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floodsDroughts and floods are causing increasing damage worldwide, often with devastating short- and long-term impacts on human society. Forecasting when they will occur, monitoring them as they develop, and learning from the past to improve disaster management is vital.Global Drought and Flood: Observation, Modeling, and Prediction presents recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floods. It also describes the techniques and products currently available and how they are being used in practice.Volume highlights include:* Remote sensing approaches for mapping droughts and floods* Physical and statistical models for monitoring and forecasting hydrologic hazards* Features of various drought and flood systems and products* Use by governments, humanitarian, and development stakeholders in recent disaster cases* Improving the collaboration between hazard information provision and end usersThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.