Bøger i Geophysical Monograph Series serien

Deep Earth: Physics and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle and Core highlights recent advances and the latest views of the deep Earth from theoretical, experimental, and observational approaches and offers insight into future research directions on the deep Earth.

The Early Earth: Accretion and Differentiation provides a multidisciplinary overview of the state of the art in understanding the formation and primordial evolution of the Earth. The fundamental structure of the Earth as we know it today was inherited from the initial conditions 4.56 billion years ago as a consequence of planetesimal accretion, large impacts among planetary objects, and planetary-scale differentiation. The evolution of the Earth from a molten ball of metal and magma to the tectonically active, dynamic, habitable planet that we know today is unique among the terrestrial planets, and understanding the earliest processes that led to Earth's current state is the essence of this volume. Important results have emerged from a wide range of disciplines including cosmochemistry, geochemistry, experimental petrology, experimental and theoretical mineral physics and geodynamics.The topics in this volume include:* Condensation of primitive objects in the solar nebula, planetary building blocks* Early and late accretion and planetary dynamic modeling* Primordial differentiation, core formation, Magma Ocean evolution and crystallizationThis volume will be a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, and researchers in the fields of geophysics, geochemistry, cosmochemistry, and planetary science.

Despite of many years of studies, predicting fluid flow, heat, and chemical transport in fractured-porous media remains a challenge for scientists and engineers worldwide. This monograph is the third in a series on the dynamics of fluids and transport in fractured rock published by the American Geophysical Union (Geophysical Monograph Series, Vol.

Seismoelectric coupling and its current and potential future applicationsThe seismoelectric method--the naturally-occurring coupling of seismic waves to electromagnetic fields--can provide insight into important properties of porous media. With a variety of potential environmental and engineering uses, as well as larger scale applications such as earthquake detection and oil and gas exploration, it offers a number of advantages over conventional geophysical methods.Seismoelectric Exploration: Theory, Experiments, and Applications explores the coupling between poroelastic and electromagnetic disturbances, discussing laboratory experiments, numerical modeling techniques, recent theoretical developments, and field studies. Volume highlights include:* Physics of the seismoelectric effect at the microscale* Governing equations describing coupled seismo-electromagnetic fields* Examples of successful seismoelectric field experiments in different geological settings* Current and potential applications of seismoelectric coupling* Noise removal techniques for seismoelectric field measurementsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Global Flood Hazard Flooding is a costly natural disaster in terms of damage to land, property and infrastructure. This volume describes the latest tools and technologies for modeling, mapping, and predicting largeΓÇôscale flood risk. It also presents readers with a range of remote sensing data sets successfully used for predicting and mapping floods at different scales. These resources can enable policymakers, public planners, and developers to plan for, and respond to, flooding with greater accuracy and effectiveness. Describes the latest largeΓÇôscale modeling approaches, including hydrological models, 2ΓÇôD flood inundation models, and global flood forecasting models Showcases new tools and technologies such as Aqueduct, a new webΓÇôbased tool used for global assessment and projection of future flood risk under climate change scenarios Features case studies describing bestΓÇôpractice uses of modeling techniques, tools, and technologies  Global Flood Hazard is an indispensable resource for researchers, consultants, practitioners, and policy makers dealing with flood risk, flood disaster response, flood management, and flood mitigation. 

Several scholars across the globe identified the present lack of high quality damage data as the main constraint to efficient risk mitigation. The need for a systematic collection of damage data in the aftermath of flood events come into light, thus the aim being the creation of complete and reliable databases.

GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIESNitrogen Overload Environmental Degradation, Ramifications, and Economic Costs Human activities generate large amounts of excess nitrogen, which has dramatically altered the nitrogen cycle. Reactive forms of nitrogen, especially nitrate and ammonia, are particularly detrimental. Given the magnitude of the problem, there is an urgent need for information on reactive nitrogen and its effective management. Nitrogen Overload: Environmental Degradation, Ramifications, and Economic Costs presents an integrated, multidisciplinary review of alterations to the nitrogen cycle over the past century and the wide-ranging consequences of nitrogen-based pollution, especially to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Volume highlights include: Comprehensive background information on the nitrogen cycle Detailed description of anthropogenic nitrogen sources Review of the environmental, economic, and health impacts of nitrogen pollution Recommendations and strategies for reducing humanity's nitrogen footprint Discussion of national nitrogen footprints and worldwide examples of mitigation policies The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth's most dominant year-to-year climate variationThe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts.El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change.Volume highlights include:* Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences* Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics* Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations* Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing* ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle* Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting* Future projections of ENSO and its impacts* Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptionsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 107

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 163

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 160

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 159

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 156

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 153

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 151

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 149. The study of the complex interactions between continents and oceans has become a leading area for 21st century earth cience.

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 143

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 113

This book is Open Access. A digital copy can be downloaded for free from Wiley Online Library.Explores the behavior of carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids under extreme conditionsCarbon trapped in diamonds and carbonate-bearing rocks in subduction zones are examples of the continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth's surface and its interior. However, there is still much to learn about the forms, transformations, and movements of carbon deep inside the Earth.Carbon in Earth's Interior presents recent research on the physical and chemical behavior of carbon-bearing materials and serves as a reference point for future carbon science research.Volume highlights include:* Data from mineral physics, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, and geodynamics* Research on the deep carbon cycle and carbon in magmas or fluids* Dynamics, structure, stability, and reactivity of carbon-based natural materials* Properties of allied substances that carry carbon* Rates of chemical and physical transformations of carbonThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 106

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 183

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 178. Hydrothermal systems at oceanic spreading centers reflect the complex interactions among transport, cooling and crystallization of magma, fluid circulation in the crust, tectonic processes, water-rock interaction, and the utilization of hydrothermal fluids as a metabolic energy source by microbial and macro-biological ecosystems. The development of mathematical and numerical models that address these complex linkages is a fundamental part the RIDGE 2000 program that attempts to quantify and model the transfer of heat and chemicals from "mantle to microbes" at oceanic ridges. This volume presents the first "state of the art" picture of model development in this context. The most outstanding feature of this volume is its emphasis on mathematical and numerical modeling of a broad array of hydrothermal processes associated with oceanic spreading centers. By examining the state of model development in one volume, both cross-fertilization of ideas and integration across the disparate disciplines that study seafloor hydrothermal systems is facilitated. Students and scientists with an interest in oceanic spreading centers in general and more specifically in ridge hydrothermal processes will find this volume to be an up-to-date and indispensable resource.

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 172. The Kamchatka Peninsula and contiguous North Pacific Rim is among the most active regions in the world.

A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantleThe convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales.Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles.Volume highlights include:* Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies* Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution* Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions* Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitabilityThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Learn basic Python programming to create functional and effective visualizations from earth observation satellite data setsThousands of satellite datasets are freely available online, but scientists need the right tools to efficiently analyze data and share results. Python has easy-to-learn syntax and thousands of libraries to perform common Earth science programming tasks.Earth Observation Using Python: A Practical Programming Guide presents an example-driven collection of basic methods, applications, and visualizations to process satellite data sets for Earth science research.* Gain Python fluency using real data and case studies* Read and write common scientific data formats, like netCDF, HDF, and GRIB2* Create 3-dimensional maps of dust, fire, vegetation indices and more* Learn to adjust satellite imagery resolution, apply quality control, and handle big files* Develop useful workflows and learn to share code using version control* Acquire skills using online interactive code available for all examples in the bookThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the Author

Explores the complex physico-chemical processes involved in active volcanism and dynamic magmatismUnderstanding the magmatic processes responsible for the chemical and textural signatures of volcanic products and igneous rocks is crucial for monitoring, forecasting, and mitigating the impacts of volcanic activity.Dynamic Magma Evolution is a compilation of recent geochemical, petrological, physical, and thermodynamic studies. It combines field research, experimental results, theoretical approaches, unconventional and novel techniques, and computational modeling to present the latest developments in the field.Volume highlights include:* Crystallization and degassing processes in magmatic environments* Bubble and mineral nucleation and growth induced by cooling and decompression* Kinetic processes during magma ascent to the surface* Magma mixing, mingling, and recharge dynamics* Geo-speedometer measurement of volcanic events* Changes in magma rheology induced by mineral and volatile contentThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

An authoritative volume focusing on multidisciplinary methods to estimate the impacts of climate-related extreme events to societyAs the intensity and frequency of extreme events related to climate change continue to increase, there is an urgent need for clear and cohesive analysis that integrates both climatological and socioeconomic impacts. Extreme Events and Climate Change provides a timely, multidisciplinary examination of the impacts of extreme weather under a warming climate. Offering wide-ranging coverage of the methods and analysis that relate changes in extreme events to their societal impacts, this volume helps readers understand and overcome the methodological challenges associated with extreme event analysis.Contributions from leading experts from across disciplines describe the theoretical requirements for analyzing the complex interactions between meteorological phenomena and the resulting outcomes, discuss new approaches for analyzing the impacts of extreme events on society, and illustrate how empirical and theoretical concepts merge to form a unified plan that enables informed decision making. Throughout the text, innovative frameworks allow readers to find solutions to the modeling and statistical challenges encountered when analyzing extreme events. Designed for researchers and policy makers alike, this important resource:* Discusses topics central to understanding how extreme weather changes as the climate warms* Provides coverage of analysis methods that relate changes in extreme events to their societal impacts* Reviews significant theoretical and modeling advances in the physical aspects of climate science* Presents a comprehensive view of state of the science, including new ways of using data from different sourcesExtreme Events and Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Approach is an indispensable volume for students, researchers, scientists, and practitioners in fields such as hazard and risk analysis, climate change, atmospheric and ocean sciences, hydrology, geography, agricultural science, and environmental and space science.

Applications of remote sensing technology for monitoring and predicting water-related hazardsWater-related hazards such as floods and droughts have serious impacts on society. Their incidence has increased in recent decades, a trend set to continue with ongoing climate change. Adaptation and mitigation measures require accurate detection, monitoring, and forecasting, much of which comes from remote sensing technologies.Remote Sensing of Water-Related Hazards takes an interdisciplinary approach, presenting recent advances in the available data, sensors, models, and indicators developed for monitoring and prediction.Volume highlights include:* Progress in remote sensing of precipitation, storms, and tornados* Different techniques for flood mapping, forecasting, and early warning* Integrated approach for predicting flood and landslide cascading hazards* Satellite monitoring of water cycle variation, water scarcity, and drought conditions* Multi-indicator and multi-sensor approaches for quantifying drought impactsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.